• 제목/요약/키워드: Organic Carbon Mineralization

검색결과 47건 처리시간 0.027초

Impact of Waste Coffee Residue Disposal on the Environment and Anti-microbic Activity of Oyster Shell Waste

  • Ramakrishna, Chilakala;Thenepalli, Thriveni;Nam, Seong Young;Kim, Chunsik;Ahn, Ji Whan
    • 에너지공학
    • /
    • 제27권1호
    • /
    • pp.76-80
    • /
    • 2018
  • The objective of this research paper is to discuss the waste coffee residue disposal and its environmental effects on the environment. As we know, coffee is one of the most demand and swallowed beverages in the world, which leads to large quantities of solid waste. Which can be toxic and a lot of environmental problems occur. In developing countries, there is a lack of proper coffee waste residue management. The coffee beans and residues contain several organic compounds. The wastewater from coffee industry emitted several pollutants (highly concentrated) and it contaminates the soil, ground waters, aquatic life, and also human health. Hence it is essential to treat the coffee waste residues. Mean while, oyster shell waste and its disposal also a big environmental challenge in the coastal regions of southeast Korea. In this paper, we focused the treatment of coffee waste residue with oyster shell waste powder. Primarily, oyster shells are calcinated at higher temperatures and investigated the calcined CaO powder as an anti microbic agent to the bacteria presented in coffee waste residues. We successfully applied calcium oxide from oyster shell waste, as an antimicrobic agent.

Development of a Functional Mortar for Restraining Surface Algal Growth

  • Park, Soon-young;Kim, Jinhyun;Kang, Hojeong
    • Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
    • /
    • 제5권2호
    • /
    • pp.82-87
    • /
    • 2018
  • Proliferation of algae on the surface of concrete or mortar in aquatic habitat has a negative impact on maintenance of concrete-based structures. Growth of algae may decrease stability of structure by bio-deterioration. In this study, we developed a functional mortar for restraining bio-deterioration by using $Cu^{2+}$ ion. The mortar contains soluble glass beads made of $Cu^{2+}$ ion, which can dissolve into water slowly. Mortars prepared with different ratio of glass beads (0, 2, 5, 10, and 15%) were placed in a culture medium with algae and incubated over a month period. Water chemistry, chlorophyll-a, and extracellular enzyme activities were measured. The incubation was conducted in both freshwater and seawater conditions, to assess applicability to both aquatic conditions. Overall, mortar with Cu glass exhibited lower chlorophyll-a content, suggesting that the functional mortar reduced algal growth. DOC concentration increased because debris of dead algae increased. Cu glass also decreased phosphatase activity, which is involved in the regeneration of inorganic P from organic moieties. Since, P is often a limiting nutrient for algal production, algal growth may be inhibited. Activities of ${\beta}$-glucosidase and N-acetylglucosaminidase were not significantly affected because carbon and nitrogen mineralization may not be influenced by the Cu glass beads. Our study suggests that functional mortar with Cu glass beads may reduce the growth of algae on the surface, while it has little environmental impact.

생지구화학적 광물변이작용 연구에서 전자에너지 손실 분광 분석 - 스펙트럼 영상법의 활용 (Application of Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy - Spectrum Imaging (EELS-SI) for Microbe-mineral Interaction)

  • 양기호;박한범;김진욱
    • 한국광물학회지
    • /
    • 제32권1호
    • /
    • pp.63-69
    • /
    • 2019
  • 광물 구조에 분포하는 철의 산화수 정보는 유 무기적 퇴적광물형성 시 산화환원 조건 등 과거 퇴적 환경에 대한 정보를 제공한다. 특히, 생광물화작용에서 미생물의 역할을 규명하기 위해서는 고분해능 투과 전자현미경(HRTEM) 및 전자에너지 손실 분광기(EELS)를 활용한 나노스케일 분석이 필요하다. HRTEM-EELS를 이용한 광물구조 내 철의 산화수 및 탄소 결합 구조 분석, Fe(II)/Fe(III) 및 탄소 기원 분포영상으로부터 광물생성의 생물학적 요소를 판별할 수 있다. 이와 같은 나노스케일 분석을 통하여 지질미생물학자들은 미생물-광물작용의 증거를 직접적으로 얻을 수 있다.

Analyses of intermediate products during degradation of pyrene in soil by hemoglobin-catalyzed reaction

  • Keum, Haein;Kang, Guyoung
    • Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
    • /
    • 제61권4호
    • /
    • pp.335-340
    • /
    • 2018
  • Hemoglobin (Hb) is a member of heme-protein that can perform catalytic non-specific chain reaction in the presence of hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$). Catalytic ability of Hb to degrade pyrene was demonstrated using soil contaminated with $^{14}C$ pyrene and 10 mg pyrene /kg soil. The composition of soil was similar to previously used soil except that it had lower organic carbon content. Bench scale laboratory tests were conducted in the presence of buffer only, $H_2O_2$ only, or Hb with $H_2O_2$ for 24 h. After 24 h reaction, 0.1 and 1.3% of $^{14}C$ pyrene in contaminated soil were mineralized with $H_2O_2$ only or Hb plus $H_2O_2$. No mineralization to $^{14}CO_2$ was detected with buffer only. Approximately 12.2% of pyrene was degraded in the presence of $H_2O_2$ only while 44.0% of pyrene was degraded in the presence of Hb plus $H_2O_2$ during 24 h of catalytic reaction. When degradation intermediate products were examined, two chemicals were observed in the presence of $H_2O_2$ only while 25 chemicals were found in the presence of Hb plus $H_2O_2$. While most degradation products were simple hydrocarbons, four of the 27 chemicals had aromatic rings. However, none of these four chemicals was structurally related to pyrene. These results suggest that Hb catalytic system could be used to treat pyrene-contaminated soil as an efficient and speedy remediation technology. In addition, intermediate products generated by this system are not greatly affected by composition change in soil organic matter content.

산불 훼손 복원지 내 토양개량제 처리가 Wood stakes의 탄소 및 질소 동태에 미치는 영향 (Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics of Wood Stakes as Affected by Soil Amendment Treatments in a Post-Fire Restoration Area)

  • 박성완;백경원;변희섭;김용석;김춘식
    • 한국농림기상학회지
    • /
    • 제20권4호
    • /
    • pp.357-365
    • /
    • 2018
  • 본 연구는 울산광역시 봉대산 산불 훼손 복원지를 대상으로 토양개량제 처리가 토양층에 매설된 wood stakes의 분해율과 유기 탄소 및 질소 동태에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 실시하였다. 산불 훼손 복원지에 식재된 튤립나무, 상수리나무, 왕벚나무, 곰솔 조림지와 미복원지를 대상으로 2015년 3월 토양 0~15cm 깊이에 wood stakes를 매설한 후, 2년 동안 각 1회씩 토양개량제(CLB: 복합비료 + 석회 + 목탄 처리구; LB: 석회 + 목탄 처리구)를 처리하고, 2015년 10월, 2016년 3월, 2016년 10월 채취하여 분해율과 유기탄소 및 질소 농도를 조사하였다. Wood stakes 분해율의 경우 토양개량제 처리구와 대조구 사이에 유의적인 차이는 없었으나, 유기 탄소 잔존율의 경우 대조구(43.7%), CLB처리구(71.3%), LB처리구(71.6%) 순으로 토양개량제 처리구의 탄소 무기화가 대조구에 비해 낮게 나타났다. Wood stakes 내 질소 잔존율의 경우도 대조구가 29.7%로 LB처리구 52.6%에 비해 낮아 탄소 무기화율과 유사한 경향을 보였다. 본 연구결과에 따르면 산불 훼손 복원지에 토양개량제 처리는 wood stakes의 탄소 및 질소 무기화를 지연하는 것으로 나타났다.

Effects of Dolomite and Oyster Shell on Nitrogen Processes in an Acidic Mine Soil Applied with Livestock Manure Compost

  • Yun, Seok-In;Seo, Dong-Hyuk;Kang, Ho Sang;Cheng, Hyocheng;Lee, Gunteak;Choi, Woo-Jung;Lee, Chang-Kyu;Jung, Mun Ho
    • 한국토양비료학회지
    • /
    • 제49권5호
    • /
    • pp.614-620
    • /
    • 2016
  • Mine soils are usually unfavorable for plant growth due to their acidic condition and low contents of organic matter and nutrients. To investigate the effect of organic material and lime on nitrogen processes in an acidic metal mine soil, we conducted an incubation experiment with treating livestock manure compost, dolomite, and oyster shell and measured soil pH, dehydrogenase activity, and concentration of soil inorganic N ($NH_4{^+}$ and $NO_3{^-}$). Compost increased not only soil inorganic N concentration, but also soil pH from 4.4 to 4.8 and dehydrogenase activity from 2.4 to $3.9{\mu}g\;TPF\;g^{-1}day^{-1}$. Applying lime with compost significantly (P<0.05) increased soil pH (5.9-6.4) and dehydrogenase activity ($4.3-7.0{\mu}g\;TPF\;g^{-1}day^{-1}$) compared with applying only compost. Here, the variation in dehydrogenase activity was significantly (P<0.05) correlated with that in soil pH. Soil inorganic N decreased with time by 14 days after treatment (DAT) due to N immobilization, but increased with time after 14 DAT. At 28 DAT, soil inorganic N was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the lime treatments than the only compost treatment. Especially the enhanced dehydrogenase activity in the lime treatments would increase soil inorganic N due to the favored mineralization of organic matter. Although compost and lime increased soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity, ammonia oxidation still proceeded slowly. We concluded that compost and lime in acidic mine soils could increase soil microbial activity and inorganic N concentration, but considerable ammonium could remain for a relatively long time.

미세조류와 박테리아의 공생 배양을 이용한 하폐수 고도처리 (Advanced Treatment of Wastewater Using Symbiotic Co-culture of Microalgae and Bacteria)

  • 무지타바 굴람;이기세
    • 공업화학
    • /
    • 제27권1호
    • /
    • pp.1-9
    • /
    • 2016
  • 미세조류와 박테리아의 공배양 시스템은 두 미생물종이 공생적 관계가 있다면 한 배양기에서 BOD와 영양염류의 동시 제거가 가능하다. 이때 영양염류는 미세조류의 바이오매스 성분으로 전환된다. 이 총설은 미세조류와 박테리아의 공생적 혼합배양을 이용한 하폐수처리, 특히 질소와 인의 제거에서의 중요성과 최근의 연구동향을 살펴보았다. 미세조류는 광합성을 통해 산소를 발생시키고 박테리아는 이 산소를 전자수용체로 이용하여 유기물의 산화분해에 활용할 수 있다. 호기성 박테리아가 유기물을 산화할 때 발생되는 $CO_2$는 미세조류의 탄소원으로 섭취되어 탄소동화작용에 사용된다. 미세조류와 박테리아의 공배양은 상호 이익이 될 수도 있고 저해가 될 수도 있으므로 지속적인 영양염류 제거를 위해서는 상호 이익이 되는 공생적 관계가 필수적으로 요구된다. 이를 위해서는 하폐수처리에 사용되는 상용적인 두 미생물 종의 선택이 중요하다.

UV조사에 의한 방향족오염물의 분해 (Degradation of Aromatic Pollutants by UV Irradiation)

  • 민병철;김종향;김병관
    • 공업화학
    • /
    • 제8권3호
    • /
    • pp.502-509
    • /
    • 1997
  • 방향족 오염물을 UV산화-고도산화처리기술로 처리할 때, 여러 가지 반응조건에 따른 분해효율에 대해 고찰하였다. 벤젠 50ppm, 에틸벤젠 150ppm, 크실렌 250ppm을 각각 초기농도로하여 UV조사 하에서 시간변화에 따른 분해실험을 행한 결과, 반응 1시간 후 약 95% 이상의 분해율을 나타내었으나, 톨루엔의 경우에는 43%의 분해율을 보였다. 단일성분이 혼합성분에서 보다 분해가 좋았으며, pH변화에서는 벤젠은 pH변화에 관계없이 분해가 잘 되었으며, 에틸벤젠 92%(pH 4.0), 90%(pH 6.4), 91%(pH 10.0), 크실렌 95%(pH 4.0), 90%(pH 6.4), 92%(pH 10.0), 그러나 톨루엔은 80%(pH 4.0), 43%(pH 6.4), 70%(PH 10.0)의 분해율을 나타내었다. 방향족 오염물의 TOC 감소는 에틸벤젠을 제외하고는 유사 1차 반응속도식에 일치하였으며, 이로부터 속도상수를 결정할 수 있었다.

  • PDF

Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue by ACF/TiO2 and ACF/ZnO Composites under UV Light

  • Zhang, Kan;Oh, Won-Chun
    • 한국재료학회지
    • /
    • 제20권1호
    • /
    • pp.31-36
    • /
    • 2010
  • Methylene blue (MB) was degraded by $TiO_2$ and ZnO deposited on an activated carbon fiber (ACF) surface under UV light. The ACF/$TiO_2$ and ACF/ZnO composites were characterized by BET, SEM, XRD, and EDX. The BET surface area was related to the adsorption capacity for composites. The SEM results showed that titanium dioxide and zinc oxide are distributed on the ACF surface. The XRD results showed that the ACF/$TiO_2$ and ACF/ZnO composites contained a unique anatase structure for $TiO_2$ and a typical hexagonal phase for ZnO respectively. These EDX spectra showed the presence of peaks of Ti element on ACF/$TiO_2$ composite and peaks of Zn element on the ACF/ZnO composite. The blank experiments for either illuminating the MB solution or the suspension containing ACF/$TiO_2$ or ACF/ZnO in the dark showed that both illumination and the catalyst were necessary for the mineralization of organic dye. Additionally, the ACF/$TiO_2$ composites proved to be efficient photocatalysts due to degradation of MB at higher reaction rates. The addition of an oxidant $([NH_4]_2S_2O_8)$ led to an increase of the degradation rate of MB for ACF/$TiO_2$ and ACF/ZnO composites.

옥천대(沃川帶) 우라늄광층(鑛層)의 구조규제(構造規制) 및 지구화학적(地球化學的) 특성연구(特性硏究) (Lithologic and Structural Controls and Geochemistry of Uranium Deposition in the Ogcheon Black-Slate Formation)

  • 이대성;윤석규;이종혁;김정택
    • 자원환경지질
    • /
    • 제19권spc호
    • /
    • pp.19-41
    • /
    • 1986
  • Structural, radioactive, petrological, petrochemical, mineralogical and stable isotopic study as well as the review of previous studies of the uranium-bearing slates in the Ogcheon sequence were carried out to examine the lithological and structural controls, and geochemical environment in the uranium deposition in the sequence. And the study was extended to the coal-bearing formation (Jangseong Series-Permian) to compare the geochemical and sedimentologic aspects of uranium chemistry between Ogcheon and Hambaegsan areas. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The uranium mineralization occurs in the carbonaceous black slates of the middle to lower Guryongsan formation and its equivalents in the Ogcheon sequence. In general, two or three uranium-bearing carbonaceous beds are found with about 1 to 1.5km stratigraphic interval and they extend from Chungju to Jinsan for 90km in distance, with intermittent igneous intrusions and structural Jisturbances. Average thickness of the beds ranges from 20 to 1,500m. 2. These carbonaceous slate beds were folded by a strong $F_1$-fold and were refolded by subsequent $F_1$-fold, nearly co-axial with the $F_1$, resulting in a repeated occurrence of similar slate. The carbonaceous beds were swelled in hing zones and were shrinked or thined out in limb by the these foldings. Minor faulting and brecciation of the carbonaceous beds were followed causing metamorphism of these beds and secondary migration and alteration of uranium minerals and their close associations. 3. Uranium-rich zones with high radioactive anomalies are found in Chungju, Deogpyong-Yongyuri, MiwonBoun, Daejeon-Geumsan areas in the range of 500~3,700 cps (corresponds to 0.017~0.087%U). These zones continue along strike of the beds for several tens to a few hundred meters but also discontinue with swelling and pinches at places that should be analogously developed toward underground in their vertical extentions. The drilling surveyings in those area, more than 120 holes, indicate that the depth-frequency to uranium rich bed ranging 40~160 meter is greater. 4. The features that higher radioactive anomalies occur particularly from the carbonaceous beds among the argillaceous lithologic units, are well demonstrated on the cross sections of the lithology and radioactive values of the major uranium deposits in the Ogcheon zone. However, one anomalous radioactive zone is found in a l:ornfels bed in Samgoe, near Daejeon city. This is interpreted as a thermal metamorphic effect by which original uranium contents in the underlying black slate were migrated into the hornfels bed. 5. Principal minerals of the uranium-bearing black slates are quartz, sericite, biotite and chlorite, and as to chemical composition of the black slates, $Al_2O_3$ contents appear to be much lower than the average values by its clarke suggesting that the Changri basin has rather proximal to its source area. 6. The uranium-bearing carbonaceous beds contain minor amounts of phosphorite minerals, pyrite, pyrrhotite and other sulfides but not contain iron oxides. Vanadium. Molybdenum, Barium, Nickel, Zirconium, Lead, Cromium and fixed Carbon, and some other heavy metals appear to be positive by correlative with uranium in their concentrations, suggesting a possibility of their genetic relationships. The estimated pH and Eh of the slate suggests an euxenic marine to organic-rich saline water environment during uranium was deposited in the middle part of Ogcheon zone. 7. The Carboniferous shale of Jangseong Series(Sadong Series) of Permian in Hambaegsan area having low radioactivity and in fluvial to beach deposits is entirely different in geochemical property and depositional environment from the middle part of Ogcheon zone, so-called "Pibanryong-Type Ogcheon Zone". 8. Synthesizing various data obtained by several aspects of research on uranium mineralization in the studied sequence, it is concluded that the processes of uranium deposition were incorporated with rich organic precipitation by which soluble uranyl ions, $U{_2}^{+{+}}$ were organochemically complexed and carried down to the pre-Ogcheon sea bottoms formed in transitional environment, from Red Sea type basin to Black Sea type basin. Decomposition of the organic matter under reducing conditions to hydrogen sulfide, which reduced the $UO{_2}^{+2}$ ions to the insoluble uranium dioxide($UO_2$), on the other side the heavy metals are precipitated as sulfides. 9. The EPMA study on the identification of uraninite and others and the genetic interpretation of uranium bearing slates by isotopic values of this work are given separately by Yun, S. in 1984.

  • PDF