• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.111-121
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• 1985

A clinical analysis was performed on 312 cases of the chest trauma experienced at department of thoracic surgery, Chosun University Hospital during the past 6 years 10 months period from January 1978 to October 1984. 1. The ratio of male to female patient of the chest trauma was 3.1:1 in male predominance and age from 20 to 50 occupied 71.2% of the total cases. 2. The most common cause of the chest trauma was traffic accidents [45.5%] in this series. 244 cases [78.2%]were injured due to non-penetrating injuries and the remainders [68 cases, 21.8%] were injured due to penetrating injuries. 3. The frequently injured site of the chest trauma was left side of the chest [56.4%], the right side was 33% and the both side was 10.6%. 4. The most common symptoms were chest pain and dyspnea, and common signs were diminished breathing sound and subcutaneous emphysema. 5. The Hemothorax, Pneumothorax, Hemopneumothorax, and Hemopericardium were observed in 190 cases [60.9%] of the total cases, and etiologic distribution revealed 76.5% due to penetrating injuries and 56.6% due to non-penetrating injuries. 6. The rib fractures were observed in 210 cases [67.3%] of the total cases and the most common site of the rib fracture was 6th rib 140 cases [19.2%]. The common site of the rib fracture was from 4th rib to 7th rib [63.8%]. 7. The lung injuries were observed in 150 cases [48.1%] and the other organ injuries were observed in 260 cases [83.3%]. 8. Conservative treatment including thoracentesis were performed in 153 cases [49.1%], Closed thoracotomy with water seal drainage were performed in 112 cases [35.9%], and open thoracotomy were performed in 45 cases [14.4%]. 9. The complications of the chest trauma were developed in 63 cases [20.2%] and the common complications were atelectasis, wound infection and pneumonitis etc. 10. Overall mortality was 0.96% [3 cases] and the cause of death was bacteremia, hypovolemic shock, heart failure and pulmonary edema.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 2006

Background: The toxicity of paraquat has been known to be caused by oxygen free radicals which leads to the lipid peroxidation and multiple organ failure. High dose vitamin C has been known to be a effective antioxidant activities against the paraquat intoxication. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of regular injection of high dose vitamin C on liver damage in paraquat poisoned rat model. Method: Fifty five rats of Sprague-Dawley strain were divided into three groups: control group, only intraperitoneally injected saline; paraquat group, single dose intraperitoneally injected paraquat(24.5%, 40 mg/kg) and every 8 hours injected saline; paraquat and vitamin C group, single dose intraperitoneally injected paraquat(24.5%, 40 mg/kg) and every 8 hours injected vitamin C(72 mg/kg). Rats were sacrificed on the 12 hours, 1st day, 2nd day, 4th day, 7th day after injection and liver tissue was obtained. H&E(Hematoxylin & Eosin) stain and Masson's trichrome stain for collagen fiber detection were undertaken. The results were observed using the microscope. Results: 1. There were no differences between control and experimental group at the 12hours after regular injection of high dose vitamin C. 2. There were significantly decreased liver damage in experimental group in the 1st day after regular injection of high dose vitamin C. 3. There were significantly increased recovery of liver damage with time in experimental group after regular injection of high dose vitamin C. Conclusion: These results suggest that regular injection of high dose vitamin C is effective in decreasing liver damage in paraquat intoxication.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.18-18
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• 2003

In human, sudden infant death syndrome(SIDS) is synonyms for the sudden, unexpected and unexplained death of an infant. The incidence of SIDS has been estimated to be from 1 to 3%. Cloning has a relatively high rate of late abortion and early postnatal death, particularly when somatic cells are used as donors of nuclei and rates as high as 40 to 70% have been reported. However, the mechanisms for SIDS in cloned animals are not known yet. To date, few reports provide detailed information regarding phenotypic abnormality of cloned pigs. In this study, most of the cloned piglets were alive at term and readily recovered respiration. However, approximately 82% of male cloned piglets (81/22) died within a week after birth. Significant findings from histological examinations showed that 42% of somatic cloned male piglets died earlier than somatic cloned female piglets, most probably due to severe congestion of lung and liver or neutrophilic inflammation in brain, which indicates that unexpected phenotypes can appear as a result of somatic cell cloning. No anatomical defects in cloned female piglets were detected, but three of the piglets had died by diarrhea due to bacterial infection within 15 days after birth. Although most of male cloned piglets can be born normal in terms of gross anatomy, they develop phenotypic anomalies that include leydig cell hypoplasia and growth retardation post-delivery under adverse fetal environment and depigmentation of hair- and skin-color form puberty onset. This may provide a mechanism for development of multiple organ system failure in some cloned piglets. Th birth weights of male cloned pig in comparison with those of female cloned piglets are significantly reduced(0.8 vs 1.4kg) and showed longer gestational day(120 vs 114). In conclusion, brain meningitis and hepatopneumonic congestion are a major risk factor for SIDS and such pregnancy in cloned animals requires close and intensive antenatal monitoring.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.2082-2089
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• 2015

Avian beta-defensin 9 (AvBD9) is a small cationic peptide consisting of 41 amino acids that plays a crucial rule in innate immunity and acquired immunity in chickens. Owing to its wide antibacterial spectrum, lack of a residue, and failure to induce bacterial drug resistance, AvBD9 is expected to become a substitute for conventional antibiotics in the livestock and poultry industries. Using the preferred codon of Pichia pastoris, the mature AvBD9 peptide was designed and synthesized, based on the sequence from GenBank. The P. pastoris constitutive expression vector pGHKα was used to construct a pGHKα-AvBD9 recombinant plasmid. Restriction enzyme digestion was performed using SacI and BglII to remove the ampicillin resistance gene, and the plasmid was electrotransformed into P. pastoris GS115. High-expression strains with G418 resistance were screened, and the culture supernatant was analyzed by Tricine-SDS-PAGE and western blot assay to identify target bands of about 6 kDa. A concentrate of the supernatant containing AvBD9 was used for determination of antimicrobial activity. The supernatant concentrate was effective against Escherichia coli, Salmonella paratyphi, Salmonella pullorum, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, and Enterobacter cloacae. The fermentation product of P. pastoris carrying the recombinant AvBD9 plasmid was adjusted to 1.0 × 10⁸ CFU/ml and added to the drinking water of white feather broilers at different concentrations. The daily average weight gain and immune organ indices in broilers older than 7 days were significantly improved by the AvBD9 treatment.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.126-128
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• 2013

Pyogenic liver abscess in patients with malignant disease is a fatal state and is easily diagnosed. We presented a rare case of sudden fatal septicemia following anticancer treatment for recurred gastric cancer due to multiple liver abscesses which could not be diagnosed. A 72-year-old male with recurred gastric cancer received anticancer agents. He had a history of distal gastrectomy with right hepatic lobectomy for hepatic metastasis. He received anticancer treatment in the outpatient's service center periodically, and his performance status was preserved with nothing in particular. After administrating docetaxel, he suddenly developed septicemia and multiple organ failure and died 5 days after strong medical supports. Pathological autopsy revealed that multiple minute abscesses of the liver which could not be detected macroscopically were the causes of fatal septicemia. The etiology, therapies and prognosis of rare entity are being discussed.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.4 s.273
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• pp.297-300
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• 2007

Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome is a rare systemic, leukoproliferative disorder characterized by eosinophilmediated tissue injury causing multiple organ failure, including the heart. Cardiac involvement occurs in more than 75% of patients with hypereosinophilic syndrome. Cardiac manifestations include subendocardial fibrosis, thrombus leading to peripheral emboli, restrictive cardiomyopathy, and valvular dysfunction. It is more common in men than in women (9 : 1), and trends to present between the ages of 20 and 50 years. Presentation in childhood is unusual. We report for the first time a case of a 58-year-old man with idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome manifested by prosthetic aortic valve dysfunction that was successfully treated by steroid and hydroxyurea therapy after surgical valvular replacement.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.335-341
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• 2013

Balamuthia mandrillaris is one of the 4 amebas in fresh water and soil that cause diseases in humans. Granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE), caused by B. mandrillaris, is a rare but life-threatening condition. A 4-year-old, previously healthy, Thai girl presented with progressive headache and ataxia for over a month. Neuroimaging studies showed an infiltrative mass at the right cerebellar hemisphere mimicking a malignant cerebellar tumor. The pathological finding after total mass removal revealed severe necrotizing inflammation, with presence of scattered amebic trophozoites. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained from lumbar puncture showed evidence of non-specific inflammation without identifiable organisms. A combination of pentamidine, sulfasalazine, fluconazole, and clarithromycin had been initiated promptly before PCR confirmed the diagnosis of Balamuthia amebic encephalitis (BAE). The patient showed initial improvement after the surgery and combined medical treatment, but gradually deteriorated and died of multiple organ failure within 46 days upon admission despite early diagnosis and treatment. In addition to the case, 10 survivors of BAE reported in the PubMed database were briefly reviewed in an attempt to identify the possible factors leading to survival of the patients diagnosed with this rare disease.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.42-46
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• 2014

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis that can affect many organ systems. Renal manifestations include pyuria, hematuria, proteinuria, tubulointerstitial nephritis, acute renal failure, hemolytic uremic syndrome, or renal scarring. Although its precise pathogenesis remains unknown, it is considered an autoimmune disease. In the literature, it has been reported that KD may develop in conjunction with urinary tract infections. However, many of these previous studies did not use imaging methods such as renal sonograms, dimercaptosuccinic acid renal scans, and voiding urethrocystograms. We report a case of an 8-month old male infant with high grade vesicoureteral reflux, who developed incomplete KD after recurrent pyelonephritis. Acute pyelonephritis can be an early manifestation of KD. Such cases require the evaluation of urinary tract anomalies according to the guidelines for the management of urinary tract infections.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.989-994
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• 1994

Between January 1986 and August 1993, 11 patients underwent surgical repair of ventricular septal defect [VSD] complicated with myocardial infarction. The ages of patients were ranged from 22 years to 83 years with a mean of 64 years. There were 8 male and 3 female patients. The preoperative cineangiograms of all patients were reviewed to measure both ventricular function and to evaluate coronary artery disease. The mean time interval between occurance of VSD and operation was 13 days. The operations were performed as soon as possible if there were hemodynamic derangement. Postmyocardial infarction VSD were repaired simultaneuously with coronary artery bypass graft in 3 patients, repaired with left ventricular aneurysmectomy in 6 patients, with left ventricular thrombectomy in 1 patient and with mitral valve chordae repair in 1 patient. There was no early death [within 30 days]. There were 6 postoperative complications; one with perioperative myocardial infarction, two with recurred VSD on postoperative 1 and 6 days respectively, two with lower leg embolism associated with intraaortic balloon pump insertion, one with wound infection. Of the complicated patients, 1 patient with lower leg embolism performed left above ankle amputation. Among two patients with recurred ventricular septal defect, one patient is doing well without problem. On follow up echocardiogram, the residual VSD was occluded completely. However another patient was with recurred VSD died 3 months after the operation because of congestive heart failure. Of the long term survivors, all patients are in NEW YORK Heart Association functional Class I or II. Although number of patients were small, our results of surgical closure of postmyocardial infarction VSD were favored to the others. Moreover, seven patients with preoperative cardiogenic shock among 11 were performed early operation after diagnosis of ventricular septal rupture. All of the patients were survived and doing well during the follow up period. Therefore early diagnosis with aggressive preoperative care with intraaortic balloon pumping and early operation seems to be very important for prevention of deterioration of vital organ.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.407-413
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• 2015

Paraquat dichloride (N,N-dimethyl-4-4'-bipiridinium, PQ) is an extremely toxic chemical that is widely used in herbicides. PQ generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and causes multiple organ failure. In particular, PQ has been reported to be an immunotoxic agrochemical compound. PQ was shown to decrease the number of macrophages in rats and suppress monocyte phagocytic activity in mice. However, the effect of PQ on macrophage cell viability remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated the cytotoxic effect of PQ on the mouse macrophage cell line, RAW264.7 and its possible mechanism of action. RAW264.7 cells were treated with PQ (0, 75, and $150{\mu}M$), and cellular apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and intracellular ROS levels were determined. Morphological changes to the cell nucleus and cellular apoptosis were also evaluated by DAPI and Annexin V staining, respectively. In this study, PQ induced apoptotic cell death by dose-dependently decreasing MMP. Additionally, PQ increased the cleaved form of caspase-3, an apoptotic marker. In conclusion, PQ induces apoptosis in RAW264.7 cells through a ROS-mediated mitochondrial pathway. Thus, our study improves our knowledge of PQ-induced toxicity, and may give us a greater understanding of how PQ affects the immune system.