• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.216-221
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• 2004

Treatment effect of benzyladenopurine (BA) used to block the lateral roots formed on soybean sprouts should be influenced by its applying methods. This study was done to check the effects of temperature and period from seed imbibition into 2 ppm BA solution to the first watering for sprout culture on growth and morphology of soybean sprouts. Imbibed three cultivar (cv. Pungsannamulkong, Sowonkong and Junjery) seeds for 5 houys into 2 ppm BA solution were placed under different temperatures (AT; 20, 30, $40^{\circ}$) and periods (AP; 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 hours). On the 6th day, the soybean sprouts were classified by 4 categories on the base of hypocotyl length; ＞7cm, 4 to 7cm), ＜ 4cm and non-germination to calculate their composition rates, number of lateral roots, lengths of hypocotyl and root diameters at middle and hook of hypocotyl, and fraction dry weights were measured. Germination and growth responses of the cultivars were changed by AT and AP treatments. The responses, lateral root formation and fresh weights were, however, mainly affected by the cultivars used rather than Af treatment. Rate of the sprouts which formed lateral roots was decreased with increased periods to 4 hours, but their number per sprout was not different between the treatments of longer than 3 hours. Lengths of hypocotyl and root organ and total fresh weights were the highest in an hour AP treatment although longer than 3 hour AP treatments did not showed the significant difference in the lengths. Conclusionally AP treatment was more important than Af one in seed aeration for soybean sprout culture immediately after imbibition into BA solution, and was done at least for 3 hours.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.802-811
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• 2020

Objective: Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of dietary sucralose on diet preference and growth performance of weaned piglets, and a third experiment was a 28-d safety study to examine if high-dose sucralose could affect the health state of weaned piglets. Methods: In experiment one, 48 piglets had free access to a corn-soybean based diet and the same diet supplemented with 150 mg/kg sucralose for 15 d. In experiment two, 180 piglets were blocked into 5 treatments with 6 replications. They were fed basal diets supplemented with 0, 75, 150, 225, and 300 mg/kg sucralose for 28 days. In experiment three, 108 piglets were randomly assigned to 3 treatments and fed diets supplemented with 0, 150 (suitable level), and 1,500 (ten-fold suitable level) mg/kg sucralose for 28 d. Results: The experiment 1 showed that piglets preferred (p<0.05) diets containing sucralose during experimental period. In experiment 2, piglets fed a diet supplemented with 150 mg/kg sucralose had a higher average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) than pigs in the control group and other treatment groups during the experiment period. The concentrations of sucralose over 150 mg/kg may decrease feed intake. However, no difference in feed conversion ratio was observed. In experiment 3, piglets fed diet supplemented with 150 mg/kg sucralose had a higher ADG and ADFI than that of pigs in the control group and 1,500 mg/kg treatment groups during the experiment period. Clinical blood metabolites, organ index and histological morphology were not significantly different between sucralose treatments. Conclusion: Sucralose can promote feed intake and thereby improve growth performance of weaned piglets. Moreover, inclusion of 1,500 mg/kg sucralose was demonstrated to have no observed adverse effects. Supplementing 150 mg/kg sucralose for weaned piglets is recommended in this study.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.348-352
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• 2009

This report deals with the morphology of the horsehair worm isolated in canine vomitus. We received a worm in living status. The worm was investigated by using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for species determination. Grossly, the worm was blackish brown in color and 215 mm in length and 1.2 mm in maximum width. Microscopically, the worm was composed of epicuticle, cuticle, epidermis, muscle, mesenchyme, pseudocoel, nerve cord and gut. But the genital organ was not developed. The SEM study revealed that the cuticle contains five types of elevated structures called areoles. The cuticular surface of the parasite is covered by an abundant type of areoles: simple areole, tubercle areole, bulging areole, crowned areole, circumcluster areole. The observed characteristics of the specimen in this study are same to those of genus Chordodes. And we concluded that it is a male of Chordodes koreensis belong to Gordiida. Only nine species of freshwater Nematomorpha are known from Korea, two of which belong to the genus Chordodes. But the case of parasitic horsehair worm in dogs do not recorded, and this is a first gordiosis of dog in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.349-359
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• 2003

Corpus luteum (CL) is the primary productive organ of progesterone in pregnant cows. Progesterone levels in bovine plasma depend on the volume, weight and shape of the CL. Progesterone productions during the late stages of gestation occur both in the CL and placenta, and placentas producted more progesterone than CL on progesterone prcduction. Because division of progesterone production of these two organs is impoxxible, the CL function can not be determined by plasma progesterone levels following gestation stages. This study was carried out to evaluate histological findings on the CL spurium and CL verum, and also on the CL following the pregnant stages by histological and immunohistochemical and electron microscopical methods and then we expect to assume the functions of CL by histological findings. 1. Proliferations of luteal cells occur by day 120 of gestation, vessel hyperplasia occur by day 90 of gestation, and the walls and lumens of vessels developed by day 120 of pregnancy. 2. Sizes of CL cells increased to maximum around day 200 of gestation and similarly maintained by day 240. So these findings indicated that the function of Cl is most active around day 200 of gestation. 3. On parturation day, the number and size of luteal cells were maintained but stain intensity of the luteal cells and vessels are declined or disappeared, and fibrosis of luteal cells increased, and the vessel lumens are emptied. These findings indicate that CL is inactive. 4. In immunohistochemical findings, proliferative positive cells by PCNA antibody appeared more in number during early stages of gestation but appeared less following course of pregnant stages and not nearly appeared on day 120 of gestation. Apoptotic positive cells by TUNEL methods not nearly appeared on the early pregnant stages and a few appeared at late pregnant stages. So developments of CL proceed until day 120 of gestation and regression of CL was occurred by transform of luteal cells into fibrocytes than by luteal cell apoptosis. 5. In electron microscopical findings, the size of luteal cells increased more in CL verum than in CL spurium. During gestation stages, the size of luteal cells increased, mitochondria in the luteal cell cytoplasms densely and abundantly developed and also swelled mitochondria increased. The interspace of luteal cells are also dilated, transformation of luteal cells into fibrocytes are more number. The lumens and walls of peripheral capillaries of large luteal cells more broadened and thickened, and transformation of large and small luteal cells to fibrocytes are increased. The above findings suggest that function of pregnant CL more developed by day 120 of gestation and are most active around day 200 of gestation and similarly maintained by day 240 and are promptly regressed on paturation day.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.272-282
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• 2011

Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) has been shown to have anti-aging effects in animal and clinical studies. However, the molecular mechanisms by which ginseng exerts these effects remain unknown. Here, the anti-aging effect of Korean red ginseng (KRG) in rat testes was examined by system biology analysis. KRG water extract prepared in feed pellets was administered orally into 12 month old rats for 4 months, and gene expression in testes was determined by microarray analysis. Microarray analysis identified 33 genes that significantly changed. Compared to the 2 month old young rats, 13 genes (Rps9, Cyp11a1, RT1-A2, LOC365778, Sv2b, RGD1565959, RGD1304748, etc.) were up-regulated and 20 genes (RT1-Db1, Cldn5, Svs5, Degs1, Vdac3, Hbb, LOC684355, Svs5, Tmem97, Orai1, Insl3, LOC497959, etc.) were down-regulated by KRG in the older rats. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of untreated aged rats versus aged rats treated with KRG showed that the affected most was Cyp11a1, responsible for C21-steroid hormone metabolism, and the top molecular and cellular functions are organ morphology and reproductive system development and function. When genes in young rat were compared with those in the aged rat, sperm capacitation related genes were down-regulated in the old rat. However, when genes in the old rat were compared with those in the old rat treated with KRG, KRG treatment up-regulated C21-steroid hormone metabolism. Taken together, Cyp11a1 expression is decreased in the aged rat, however, it is up-regulated by KRG suggesting that KRG seems enhance testes function via Cyp11a1.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.87-92
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• 2015

Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) is an inherited disease entity associated with lysosomal enzyme deficiencies. MPS type 2, also known as Hunter syndrome, has a characteristic morphology primarily involving x-l inked recessive defects and iduronate-2-sulfatase gene mutation. The purpose of this case report is to provide important clues to help pediatricians identify Hunter syndrome patients earlier (i.e., before the disease progresses). A 30-month-old boy showed developmental delay and decreased speech ability. Physical examinations revealed a flat nose and extensive Mongolian spots. Brain magnetic resonance images (MRIs) showed bilateral multiple patchy T2 hyperintense lesions in the periventricular and deep white matter, several cyst-like lesions in the body of the corpus callosum, and diffuse brain atrophy, which were in keeping with the diagnosis. Based on these findings, the patient was suspected of having MPS. In the laboratory findings, although the genetic analysis of IDS (Iduronate-2-sulfatase) did not show any pathogenic variant, the enzymatic activity of IDS was not detected. We could confirm the diagnosis of MPS, because other sulfatases, such as ${\alpha}$-L-iduronidase, were detected in the normal range. Early enzymatic replacement therapy is essential and has a relatively good prognosis. Therefore, early diagnosis should be made before organ damage becomes irreversible, and brain MRIs can provide additional diagnostic clues to help distinguish the disorder.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2018

In this paper, we introduce a visualization framework for cell image data obtained from optical diffraction tomography (ODT), including a method for representing cell morphology in 3D virtual environment and a color mapping protocol. Unlike commonly known volume data sets, such as CT images of human organ or industrial machinery, that have solid structural information, the cell image data have rather vague information with much morphological variations on the boundaries. Therefore, it is difficult to come up with consistent representation of cell structure for visualization results. To obtain desired visual representation of cellular structures, we propose an interactive visualization technique for the ODT data. In visualization of 3D shape of the cell, we adopt a volume rendering technique which is generally applied to volume data visualization and improve the quality of volume rendering result by using empty space jittering method. Furthermore, we provide a layer-based independent rendering method for multiple transfer functions to represent two or more cellular structures in unified render window. In the experiment, we examined effectiveness of proposed method by visualizing various type of the cell obtained from the microscope which can capture ODT image and fluorescence image together.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.259-263
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• 2015

Background: In the field of cancer, the ICD-10 coding convention is based on the site of a neoplasm in the body and usually ignores the morphology, thus the same code may be assigned to tumors of different morphologic types in an organ. Nowadays, all general (provincial) and center hospitals in Thailand are equipped with the hospital information system (HIS) database. Objective: This study aimed to find the characteristics and magnitude of agreement represented by the positive predictive value (PPV) of provisional cancer diagnoses in the HIS database in Pattani Hospital in Thailand in comparison with the final cancer diagnosis of the ICD-10 codes generated from a well established cancer registry in Songklanagarind Hospital, the medical school hospital of Prince of Songkla University. Materials and Methods: Data on cancer patients residing in Pattani province who visited Pattani Hospital from January 2007 to May 2011 were obtained from the HIS database. The ICD-10 codes of the HIS computer database of Pattani Hospital were compared against the ICD-10 codes of the same person recorded in the hospital-based cancer registry of Songklanagarind Hospital. The degree of agreement or positive predictive value (PPV) was calculated for each sex and for both sexes combined. Results: A total of 313 cases (15.9%) could be matched in the two databases. Some 222 cases, 109 males and 113 females, fulfilled the criteria of referral from Pattani to Songklanagarind Hospitals. Of 109 male cancer cases, 76 had the same ICD-10 codes in both hospitals, thus, the PPV was 69.7% (95%CI: 60.2-78.2%). Agreement in 76 out of 113 females gave a PPV of 67.3% (95%CI: 57.8-75.8%). The two percentages were found non-significant with Fisher's exact p-value of 0.773. The PPV for combined cases of both sexes was 68.5% (95%CI: 61.9-74.5%). Conclusions: Changes in final diagnosis in the referral system are common, thus the summary statistics of a hospital without full investigation facilities must be used with care, as the statistics are biased towards simple diseases able to be investigated by available facilities. A systematic feedback of patient information from a tertiary to a referring hospital should be considered to increase the accuracy of statistics and to improve the comprehensive care of cancer patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.3651-3657
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• 2014

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a relatively higher incidence in many countries of Asia. Globally, HCC has a high fatality rate and short survival. Epirubicin, a doxorubicin analogue, may be administered alone or in combination with other agents to treat primary liver cancer and metastatic diseases. However, the toxic effects of epirubicin to normal tissues and cells have been one of the major obstacles to successful cancer chemotherapy. Here, we investigated the effects of epirubicin in combination with kappa-selenocarrageenan on mice with H22 implanted tumors and HepG-2 cell proliferation, immune organ index, morphology, cell cycle and related protein expressions in vivo and in vitro with sequential drug exposure. The inhibitory rate of tumor growth in vivo was calculated. Drug sensitivity was measured by MTT assay, and the King's principle was used to evaluate the interaction of drug combination. Morphological changes were observed by fluorescent microscopy. Cell cycle changes were analyzed by flow cytometry. Expression of cyclin A, Cdc25A and Cdk2 were detected by Western blotting. In vivo results demonstrated that the inhibitory rate of EPI combined with KSC was higher than that of KSC or EPI alone, and the Q value indicated an additive effect. In addition, KSC could significantly raise the thymus and spleen indices of mice with H22 implanted tumors. In the drug sensitivity assay in vitro, exposure to KSC and EPI simultaneously was more effective than exposure sequentially in HepG-2 cells, while exposure to KSC prior to EPI was more effective than exposure to EPI prior to KSC. Q values showed an additive effect in the simultaneous group and antagonistic effects in the sequential groups. Morphological analysis showed similar results to the drug sensitivity assay. Cell cycle analysis revealed that exposure to KSC or EPI alone arrested the cells in S phase in HepG-2 cells, exposure to KSC and EPI simultaneously caused accumulation in the S phase, an effect caused by either KSC or EPI. Expression of cyclin A, Cdc25A and Cdk2 protein was down-regulated following exposure to KSC and EPI alone or in combination, exposure to KSC and EPI simultaneously resulting in the lowest values. Taken together, our findings suggest that KSC in combination with EPI might have potential as a new therapeutic regimen against HCC.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.101-108
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• 1987

A total of 213 rabbits was investigated from July 1981 to June 1986, for the survey on the incidence of Cysticercus pisiformis infections and the morphological characteristics were observed for the descriptions on the scolexes of the cysts collected. The results obtained were summarized as follows; The overall infection rate was revealed as high as 21.6% and it increased annually with the secular trend equation Y=7.45X+5.87 when, Y=infection rate estimated, X=year 0(1981) to 5 (1986). The incidence was no relation with the sexes of the host, but it was higher in the short-haired New Zealand White than in the long-haired Angola. It was also revealed that the liver was the most parasitized organ (39.1%) and that 48 cases were double infections in two organs, such as the mesentery, the stomach or the kidney. The mean size of the cysts measured was 7.04mm in length and 4.62mm in width. There were four suckers and a rostellum on the top of the scolex identified inside the cyst. The hooks were arranged in two rows, the large-type inner hooks (mean $250{\mu}m$ in length) and the small-type outer hooks (mean $150{\mu}m$ in length).