• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.16-19
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• 2011

The oxide-nitride-oxide (ONO) deposition process was added to the beginning of a 0.25 ${\mu}m$ embedded polysiliconoxide-nitride-oxide-silicon (SONOS) process before all of the logic well implantation processes in order to maintain the characteristics of basic CMOS(complementary metal-oxide semiconductor) logic technology. The system subsequently suffered severe ONO rupture failure. The damage was caused by the ONO implantation and was responsible for the ONO rupture failure in the embedded SONOS process. Furthermore, based on the experimental results as well as an implanted ion's energy loss model, processes primarily producing permanent displacement damages responsible for the ONO rupture failure were investigated for the embedded SONOS process.

• Transactions of the Society of Information Storage Systems
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.41-46
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• 2010

Recently, Flash Memory Drives are one of the best media to support portable and desktop computers' storage devices. Their features include non-volatility, low power consumption, and fast access time for read operations, which are sufficient to present flash memories as major database storage components for desktop and server computers. However, we need to improve traditional storage management schemes based on HDD(Hard Disk Drive) and RAID(Redundant Array of Independent Disks) due to the relatively slow or freezing characteristics of write operations of SSDs, as compared to fast read operations. In order to achieve this goal, we propose a new storage management scheme called Hetero-Mirroring based on traditional HDD mirroring scheme. Hetero-Mirroring-based storage management improves RAID-1 operation performance by balancing write-workloads and delaying write operations to avoid SSD freezing.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.85-86
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• 2007

A poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethyene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) copolymer thin film having ${\beta}$ phase was prepared by sol-gel method. The electrical properties of the film were studied to evaluate the possibility for appling to a ferroelectric random access memory. In order to characterize its electrical properties, we produced a MFS (metal-ferroelectric-semiconductor) structure by evaporation of Au electrodes. The C-V (capacitance-voltage) measurement revealed that the Au/P(VDF-TrFE)/Si structure with a 4 wt% film had a memory window width of about 0.5V for a bias voltage sweep of 1V.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.156-157
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• 2007

For tens of years many advantages of Phase-Change Random Access Memory(PRAM) were introduced. Although the performance improved gradually, there are some portions which must be improved. So, we studied new constitution of $Ge_1Se_1Te_2$ chalcogenide material to improve phase transition characteristic. Actually, the performance properties have been improved surprisingly. However, crystallization time was as long as ever for amorphization time. We conducted this experiment in order to solve that problem by doping-Sb.

• Transactions of the Society of Information Storage Systems
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.71-78
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• 2006

In this work, we propose a new type of HDD Load/Unload(L/UL) suspension featuring shape memory alloy(SMA). The mechanical and thermal properties of the SMA film with respect to the material phase states are experimentally estimated and the SMA film is carefully integrated to the suspension. In order to obtain the desirable dynamic characteristics of the suspension during L/UL process, the design parameters of the SMA film such as geometric properties are determined by considering the vibration modes of the suspension related to the L/UL performance. After analyzing the modal characteristics of the proposed suspension, L/UL performance is evaluated through L/UL simulation by observing the vibration motion and minimum flying height of the slider during L/UL process.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.288-298
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• 2021

Abstractive text summarization is a process of making a summary of a given text by paraphrasing the facts of the text while keeping the meaning intact. The manmade summary generation process is laborious and time-consuming. We present here a summary generation model that is based on multilayered attentional peephole convolutional long short-term memory (MAPCoL; LSTM) in order to extract abstractive summaries of large text in an automated manner. We added the concept of attention in a peephole convolutional LSTM to improve the overall quality of a summary by giving weights to important parts of the source text during training. We evaluated the performance with regard to semantic coherence of our MAPCoL model over a popular dataset named CNN/Daily Mail, and found that MAPCoL outperformed other traditional LSTM-based models. We found improvements in the performance of MAPCoL in different internal settings when compared to state-of-the-art models of abstractive text summarization.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.337-345
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• 2019

This work resumes a research that proposes the use of the technique based on the dissipation energy of the shape memory alloy (SMA) ties. It focuses principally on the assessment of the effectiveness of the use of these smart materials on displacements, accelerations and the stresses of the minaret of the great mosque of Ajloun in Jordan. The 3-D finite element model of the minaret is performed by the ANSYS software. First of all, the proposed model is calibrated and validated according to the experimental results gathered from ambient vibration testing results. Then, a nonlinear transient analysis is considered, when the El-Centro earthquake is used as the input signal. Different simulating cases concerning the location, number and type of SMA devices are proposed in order to see their influence on the seismic response of the minaret. Hence, the results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed SMA device.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38C no.3
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• pp.311-317
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• 2013

In this paper, we proposed high speed LDPC decoding algorithm based on DVB-S2 standard for applying marine communications in order to multimedia transmission. For implementing the high speed LDPC decoder, HSS algorithm which reduce the iteration numbers without performance degradation is applied. In HSS algorithm, check node update units are update at the same time of bit node update. HSS can be accelerated to the decoding speed because it does not need to separate calculation of the bit nodes, However, check node calculation blocks need many clocks because of just one memory is used. Therefore, this paper proposed partial memory structure in order to reduced the delay and high speed decoder is possible. The results of the simulation, when the max number of iteration set to 30 times, decoding throughput of HSS algorithm is 326 Mbit/s and decoding speed of proposed algorithm is 2.29 Gbit/s. So, decoding speed of proposed algorithm more than 7 times could be obtained compared to the HSS algorithm.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.11A no.5
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• pp.333-340
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• 2004

In order that routers forward a packet to its destination, they perform IP address lookup which determines the next hop according to the packet's destination address. In designing high speed routers, IP address lookup is an important issue. In order to design high speed routers, this paper proposes a parallel IP lookup scheme which consists of several IP lookup engines without any modification of already fabricated indirect IP lookup chipsets. Also, we propose a simple rule for partitioning IP prefix entries In an overall forwarding table among several IP lookup engines. And we evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme in terms of the memory size required for storing lookup information and the number of memory accesses on constructing the forwarding table. With additional hardware logics, the proposed scheme can reduce about 30% of the required memory size and 80% of the memory access counts.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.57 no.5
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• pp.813-838
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• 2011

Toni Morrison's ninth novel A Mercy delves into the colonial American history of the seventeenth century when Europeans began to migrate to the New World and when the first slaves were brought to Virginia. Morrison presents a diverse group of people such as white Europeans, an American Indian, a free black man, indentured servants, and slaves from Africa in order to explore the subjects of ownership, freedom and racism. She emphasizes the fact that most of the Europeans who came to America in the early seventeenth century were the people who were thrown out from the society such as felons, prostitutes, servants and children. By portraying how these castaways tried to settle in a new environment surrounded by unknown dangers and challenges, Morrison demystifies and reconstructs the myth of the birth of America as a nation state. In continuation of Morrison's writings about love and the betrayal of love, her novel A Mercy explores the subjects of trauma, memory and subjectivity by choosing the topic of motherly love and its betrayal which she dealt with poignantly in Beloved. The female protagonist, Florens, is given away by her mother in partial payment of debt incurred by the owner of Florens's mother. The traumatic memory of Florens's separation from her mother shapes Florence's character. She has to revisit the site of the original traumatic experiences of being given up by her mother in order to reconstruct her fragmented memory and past. The recurring dream of the traumatic incident that takes hold of Florens can be explained by the trauma theory of Freud, Cathy Caruth, Suzette Henke, and Judith Herman. The paper explores the self journey of Florens in which she faces the traumatic past and comprehends its meaning which enables her to construct her subjectivity by understanding the true meaning of being free and of owning oneself. In particular, it demonstrates how the process of writing a confession, a story about one's history, enables one to reclaim the traumatic experience and to locate it in the narrative memory.