• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.48-52
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• 2011

Purpose: Microfat graft is a common procedure for correcting tear trough deformity and dark circle. Because the tissue in this area is very thin, the grafted fat, sometimes, induces palpable lumps and uneven skin contour. When it happens, the surgical removal of the grafted fat is often needed. The authors made attempt of transconjunctival approach for removal, and this made infraorbital fat repositioning possible at the same time. Methods: 15 female patients with history of microfat graft on lower eyelid, got operation for the grafted fat removal with transconjunctival approach from April of 2009 to July of 2010. The dissection was performed in accordance with infraorbital fat repositioning surgery. Through the transconjunctival incision, knotted fat on orbital septum and orbicularis oculi muscle was removed without damage on skin. After grafted fat removal, subperiosteal space was made 1~2 mm below the inferior orbital rim by elevating periosteum. With preserving orbital septum, infraorbital fat was repositioned and anchored to subperiosteal space. Finally, transconjunctival incision was closed with absorbable suture material. Results: 14 patients in the study showed satisfactory results. The problems like uneven skin contour and knotted fat mass, were all solved. In only one patient, incomplete correction was observed, as bulging on her right lower eyelid still remained. One patient complained of transient numbness on lower eyelid, but there was no specific complication other than this. Conclusion: The authors attempted the method of transconjunctival approach to remove former grafted fat in lower eyelid and reposition infraorbital fat simultaneously. Since the study brought great results, the method would be helpful to patients and surgeons.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.504-508
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• 2010

Purpose: Traumatic telecanthus can result from nasoethmoid-orbital fractures. Repair of the medial canthal tendon (MCT) using transnasal wiring is regarded as a choice of method to treat telecanthus, however, is often complicated by incomplete anchoring and drift of canthus, extrusion of wire, in-fracture of orbital bone, and eye damage. The authors introduced oblique transnasal wiring method through the Hiraga's epicanthopalsty incision instead of well-known classical bicoronal approach. Methods: Five patients with traumatic telecanthus were treated with this method. Though the Hiraga's epicanthoplasty incision, we could approach the operative field; the medial orbital wall and detached MCT. Oblique transnasal wiring was performed as following steps. After slit skin incision on the contralateral nasal recession area, drill holes were made from this point to the superior and posterior point of lacrimal sac of deformed eye. A 2-0 wire was double-passed through the holes and MCT. Traction was applied to ensure pulling the MCT and the wires were twisted in the contralateral nose, securing the MCT in the correct position. Results: All patients except 1 person showed improvement and rapid recovery. On average each canthus was moved 5.6 mm medially. In all cases, there were no eyelashes disappear, lacrimal canaliculitis, lacrimal duct injury, or infections. Conclusion: The Hiraga's epicanthoplasty incision could give sufficient operative field to reattach the MCT in traumatic telecanthus patients. And the oblique transnasal wiring technique is effective for the Asians who have flat nose and exophthalmic eye. The authors conclude that this technique could be a simple, safe and scarless method to correct traumatic telecanthus.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.379-384
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• 2020

Objectives: We sought to identify a clinically useful method of analyzing orbital dystopia to aid in diagnosis and treatment planning and to quantify vertical discrepancies in eye level and variations in canthal tilt in Koreans. Patients and Methods: In 76 Korean patients with a mean age of 23.12 years, mean differences in the level of the pupils, lateral canthi, medial canthi, and canthal tilt were measured. The difference in pupil level was calculated from the perpendicular lines drawn from the midpupil area of each eye to the midline of the face to determine the amount of skeletal discrepancy of the eye. Soft tissue discrepancies were determined according to the vertical difference between the lines drawn from the lateral or medial canthus of each eye perpendicular to the midline of the face. The canthal tilt was determined from the inclination of a line connecting the lateral and medial canthi, then classified as class I, II, or III. Results: Mean differences in pupil level, medial canthi, and lateral canthi were 1.57±1.10 mm, 1.14±1.07 mm, and 2.03±1.64 mm, respectively. The mean degree of canthal tilt were 8.45°±3.53° for the right side and 8.42°±3.81° for the left side. No study participants presented with class III canthal tilt. The mean canthal tilt values for those with class I tilt were 3.21°±1.68° for the right side and 3.18°±1.63° for the left side, while, for those who had class II tilt, the values were 9.60°±3.66° for the right side and 9.54°±2.99° for the left side. Conclusion: The presented diagnostic method of orbital dystopia can be used to effectively establish a treatment plan that takes into consideration the patient's skeletal and soft-tissue discrepancies.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.228-231
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• 2022

Fibrin glue is a topical agent widely used for hemostasis, wound healing, and surgical adhesion. Complications of fibrin glue itself are extremely rare because it is absorbed over time, but can occur as a result of inappropriate application. We report a case of a postoperative complication caused by inappropriate application of fibrin glue in blow-out fracture surgery. A 65-year-old male patient presented with periorbital swelling and an open wound on the right infraorbital area. Computed tomography showed a right orbital floor fracture. After reduction of the herniated tissue into the orbit, an implant was inserted and fibrin glue was applied to stabilize the implant. This procedure was performed without difficulty, but the patient complained of persistent diplopia and limited eyeball movement after surgery. An imaging study showed a mass-like lesion, which was not a hematoma, in the orbital cavity. In a second operation, the mass was identified as clotted fibrin glue that had not been applied properly. After removal, the patient's symptoms were relieved without further complications. Appropriate and careful application of fibrin glue is necessary to avoid unnecessary complications.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.1015-1017
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• 2003

Recently, DGPS or RTK-GPS techniques enable us to use satellite based positioning systems with high accuracy. But in urban area, navigation systems suffer from problems such as signal blockage by high-rise buildings, multi-path problems, and so on. So we have to know numbers of visible satellites and quality of signals received at the ground level in urban area as accurate as possible. In this paper, we developed a simulation system called LoQAS [Location service Quality Assessment System, 2002, the University of Tokyo] which can simulate numbers of visible satellites and DOP values using accurate satellite orbital data and 3-D digital map. In this time, we evaluated this system and extended it to deal with reflected signals to assess multi-path problems.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.18 no.3 s.132
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• pp.197-200
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• 1980

This study was undertaken to investigate the form and position of the mandible of upper prognathism in relation to craniofacial complex. The subjects consist of 20 males and 39 females with Class II, Division 1 malocclusion and measurements were achieved on lateral cephalograms. The results were a follows. 1. Infradentale was situated anteriorly to orbital plane, but point B, pogonion and menton were situated posteriorly. 2. Development of chin point area of female was poor than that of male. 3. In case of facial angle was large, ramus angle tend to be small, but gonial angle had tendency to be large.

• Aerospace Engineering and Technology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.187-195
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• 2008

Generation of accurate ground coordinates from high resolution satellite image are becoming increasingly of interest. The primary focus of this paper is to compute satellite direct sensor model (DSM) and rational function model (RFM) for accurate generation of ground coordinates from high resolution satellite images. Being based on this we presented an algorithm to be able to efficiently ground coordinates about large area with introducing RFM(rational function model) method applied to rigorous sensor modeling standing on basis of satellite orbit dynamics and collinearity equation, and sensor modeling of high-resolution satellite data like IKONOS, QuickBird, KOMPSAT-2 and others. The general high resolution satellite measures the position, velocity and attitude data of satellite using star, gyro, and GPS sensors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.57-62
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• 2015

A large variety of pipe flanges are required in the marine and construction industry. Pipe flanges are usually welded or screwed to the pipe end and are connected with bolts. This approach is very simple and has been widely used for a long time; however, it results in high development costs and low productivity, and the products made through this approach usually have safety problems in the welding area. In this research, a new approach for forming pipe flanges based on cold forging and the floating die concept is presented. This innovative approach increases the effectiveness of the material usage and saves time and costs compared with the conventional welding method. To ensure the dimensional accuracy of the final product, finite element analysis (FEA) was carried out to simulate the process of cold forging, and orthogonal experiment methods were used to investigate the influence of four manufacturing factors (stroke of distance, pin die angle, forming of pipe diameter, and speed of the die) and predict the best combination of them. The manufacturing factors were obtained through numerical and experimental studies, which show that the approach is very useful and effective for the forming of pipe flanges and could be widely used in the future.

• Journal of International Society for Simulation Surgery
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.77-79
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• 2016

Osteoma is one of the benign tumor that occurs on the bones all over the body. Mostly the simple excision is known to be enough. However, sometimes we encounter the troublesome situation where the osteoma is located in very challenging area, which results in the recurrence. 26 year female presented with the intractable intracranial osteoma. Given the disease entity of the osteoma, the simple excision would be enough or conservative management. But this osteoma turned out to be huge and recurrent in spite of the endoscopic resections, which causes the facial disappearance accompanied by the orbital vertical dystopia. Moreover, the patient's main concern was the pain. We performed the intracranial resection of the whole lesion and reconstructed the skull base and frontal bone as well as the part of the orbital wall. In order to restore the original bony anatomy, the 3D printing model was used based on the titanium mesh. I report this unusual case of the intractable intracranial huge osteoma. This report may be helpful for the other surgeons to make a decision on their similar cases in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.259-262
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• 2003

The surface electronic state of rutile $TiO_2$, which is an oxide semiconductor and has a wide band gap of 3.1 $\sim$ 3.5 eV, was calculated by DV-$X_{\alpha}$ method, which is a sort of the first principle molecular orbital method and uses Hartre-Fock-Slater approximation. The $[Ti_{15}O_{56}]^{-52}$ cluster model was used for the calculation of bulk state and the $[OTi_{11}O_{34}]^{-24}$ model for the surface state calculation. After calculations, the energy level diagrams and the deformation electron density distribution map were compared in both models. As results, it was identified that the surface energy levels are found between the valence and conduction band of bulk $TiO_2$ on the surface area. The energy values of these surface-induced levels are lower than conduction band of bulk $TiO_2$ by 0.1 $\sim$ 1 eV. From this fact, it is expected that the surface energy levels act as donar levels in n-type semiconductor.