• 제목/요약/키워드: Oral pathogen

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치과용 인상체의 감염 관리 (The Infection Control of Dental Impressions)

  • 이진한
    • 구강회복응용과학지
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    • 제29권2호
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    • pp.183-193
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    • 2013
  • 치과 진료의 특성 상 치과 진료 인력의 손이 환자의 입안에 직접 접촉하는 상황이 빈번하게 발생한다. 또한 고속 절삭 도구와 날카로운 기구, 주사바늘을 일상적으로 사용하기 때문에 출혈이 동반되는 경우가 대부분이므로 교차 감염의 가능성은 매우 높다. 진료실에서의 병원체는 오염된 인상체, 보철물을 통해 치과 진료실 뿐만 아니라 치과 기공실에도 전파될 수 있다. 치과 진료 인력(치과의사, 치과위생사, 치과기공사)은 모든 환자가 교차 감염의 위험성이 있음을 인식하고 적절한 감염 관리를 통해 감염이 전파되는 것을 방지할 수 있도록 노력해야 한다. 본 논문에서는 문헌 고찰을 통하여 치과용 인상체의 소독 방법과 화학적 소독제에 대하여 고찰해 보고, 임상에서 효율적으로 적용할 수 있는 인상체의 감염 관리 방법에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다.

Prevalence of feline calicivirus and the distribution of serum neutralizing antibody against isolate strains in cats of Hangzhou, China

  • Zheng, Mengjie;Li, Zesheng;Fu, Xinyu;Lv, Qian;Yang, Yang;Shi, Fushan
    • Journal of Veterinary Science
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    • 제22권5호
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    • pp.73.1-73.11
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    • 2021
  • Background: Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a common pathogen of felids, and FCV vaccination is regularly practiced. The genetic variability and antigenic diversity of FCV hinder the effective control and prevention of infection by vaccination. Improved knowledge of the epidemiological characteristics of FCV should assist in the development of more effective vaccines. Objectives: This study aims to determine the prevalence of FCV in a population of cats with FCV-suspected clinical signs in Hangzhou and to demonstrate the antigenic and genetic relationships between vaccine status and representative isolated FCV strains. Methods: Cats (n = 516) from Hangzhou were investigated between 2018 and 2020. The association between risk factors and FCV infection was assessed. Phylogenetic analyses based on a capsid coding sequence were performed to identify the genetic relationships between strains. In vitro virus neutralization tests were used to assess antibody levels against isolated FCV strains in client-owned cats. Results: The FCV-positive rate of the examined cats was 43.0%. Risk factors significantly associated with FCV infection were vaccination status and oral symptoms. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a radial phylogeny with no evidence of temporal or countrywide clusters. There was a significant difference in the distribution of serum antibody titers between vaccinated and unvaccinated cats. Conclusions: This study revealed a high prevalence and genetic diversity of FCV in Hangzhou. The results indicate that the efficacy of FCV vaccination is unsatisfactory. More comprehensive and refined vaccination protocols are an urgent and unmet need.

Increased Innate Lymphoid Cell 3 and IL-17 Production in Mouse Lamina Propria Stimulated with Giardia lamblia

  • Lee, Hye-Yeon;Park, Eun-Ah;Lee, Kyung-Jo;Lee, Kyu-Ho;Park, Soon-Jung
    • Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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    • 제57권3호
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    • pp.225-232
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    • 2019
  • Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are key players during an immune response at the mucosal surfaces, such as lung, skin, and gastrointestinal tract. Giardia lamblia is an extracellular protozoan pathogen that inhabits the human small intestine. In this study, ILCs prepared from the lamina propria of mouse small intestine were incubated with G. lamblia trophozoites. Transcriptional changes in G. lamblia-exposed ILCs resulted in identification of activation of several immune pathways. Secretion of interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-17F, $IL-1{\beta}$, and interferon-${\gamma}$ was increased, whereas levels of IL-13, IL-5, and IL-22, was maintained or reduced upon exposure to G. lamblia. Goup 3 ILC (ILC3) was found to be dominant amongst the ILCs, and increased significantly upon co-cultivation with G. lamblia trophozoites. Oral inoculation of G. lamblia trophozoites into mice resulted in their presence in the small intestine, of which, the highest number of parasites was detected at the 5 days-post infection. Increased ILC3 was observed amongst the ILC population at the 5 days-post infection. These findings indicate that ILC3 from the lamina propria secretes IL-17 in response to G. lamblia, leading to the intestinal pathology observed in giardiasis.

Deinococcus radiodurans R1 Lysate Induces Tolerogenic Maturation in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Dendritic Cells and Protects Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mice

  • Song, Ha-Yeon;Han, Jeong Moo;Kim, Woo Sik;Lee, Ji Hee;Park, Woo Yong;Byun, Eui-Baek;Byun, Eui-Hong
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제32권7호
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    • pp.835-843
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    • 2022
  • Deinococcus radiodurans is an extremophilic bacterium that can thrive in harsh environments. This property can be attributed to its unique metabolites that possess strong antioxidants and other pharmacological properties. To determine the potential of D. radiodurans R1 lysate (DeinoLys) as a pharmacological candidate for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), we investigated the antiinflammatory activity of DeinoLys in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and a colitis mice model. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BMDCs treated with DeinoLys exhibited alterations in their phenotypic and functional properties by changing into tolerogenic DCs, including strongly inhibited proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-12p70) and surface molecule expression and activated DC-induced T cell proliferation/activation with high IL-10 production. These phenotypic and functional changes in BMDCs induced by DeinoLys in the presence of LPS were abrogated by IL-10 neutralization. Furthermore, oral administration of DeinoLys significantly reduced clinical symptoms against dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis, including body weight loss, disease activity index, histological severity in colon tissue, and lower myeloperoxidase level in mice. Our results establish DeinoLys as a potential anti-inflammatory candidate for IBD therapy.

Immediate effect of Nd:YAG laser monotherapy on subgingival periodontal pathogens: a pilot clinical study

  • McCawley, Thomas K.;McCawley, Mark N.;Rams, Thomas E.
    • Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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    • 제52권1호
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    • pp.77-87
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    • 2022
  • Purpose: This pilot study assessed the immediate in vivo effect of high peak pulse power neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser monotherapy on selected red/orange complex periodontal pathogens in deep human periodontal pockets. Methods: Twelve adults with severe periodontitis were treated with the Laser-Assisted New Attachment Procedure (LANAP®) surgical protocol, wherein a free-running, digitally pulsed, Nd:YAG dental laser was used as the initial therapeutic step before mechanical root debridement. Using a flexible optical fiber in a handpiece, Nd:YAG laser energy, at a density of 196 J/cm2 and a high peak pulse power of 1,333 W/pulse, was directed parallel to untreated tooth root surfaces in sequential coronal-apical passes to clinical periodontal probing depths, for a total applied energy dose of approximately 8-12 joules per millimeter of periodontal probing depth at each periodontal site. Subgingival biofilm specimens were collected from each patient before and immediately after Nd:YAG laser monotherapy from periodontal pockets exhibiting ≥6 mm probing depths and bleeding on probing. Selected red/orange complex periodontal pathogens (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Parvimonas micra, and Campylobacter species) were quantified in the subgingival samples using established anaerobic culture techniques. Results: All immediate post-treatment subgingival biofilm specimens continued to yield microbial growth after Nd:YAG laser monotherapy. The mean levels of total cultivable red/orange complex periodontal pathogens per patient significantly decreased from 12.0% pretreatment to 4.9% (a 59.2% decrease) immediately after Nd:YAG laser monotherapy, with 3 (25%) patients rendered culture-negative for all evaluated red/orange complex periodontal pathogens. Conclusions: High peak pulse power Nd:YAG laser monotherapy, used as the initial step in the LANAP® surgical protocol on mature subgingival biofilms, immediately induced significant reductions of nearly 60% in the mean total cultivable red/orange complex periodontal pathogen proportions per patient prior to mechanical root instrumentation and the rest of the LANAP® surgical protocol.

특이 과거력이 없는 소아에서 발생한 Streptococcus intermedius 화농 관절염 1예 (A Case of Septic Arthritis due to Streptococcus intermedius in a Healthy Child)

  • 용수민 ;김태훈;정현주
    • Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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    • 제29권3호
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    • pp.173-178
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    • 2022
  • Streptococcus intermedius는 입안, 상부 호흡기, 위장관 등에 정상 상재균 중 하나로 존재하는 그람 양성 산소내성 혐기성 알균이다. 면역저하나 심장질환자에서 외상 또는 침습적 치료 후에 발생하는 기회 감염의 원인이 될 수 있다. 저자들은 최근 침습적 치료나 외상 등 특이 과거력이 없이 건강했던 7세 소아에서 S. intermedius에 의해 발생한 엉덩관절 화농 관절염을 경험하였기에 보고하고자 한다. 환자는 내원 3주전부터 왼쪽 엉덩관절 통증이 있었으며, 본원 내원 당일부터 발열이 발생하였다. 엉덩관절 자기공명영상에서 왼쪽 엉덩관절의 급성 화농 관절염으로 진단한 후 수술적 배농을 시행하였고, 혈액과 흡인 관절액에서 S. intermedius가 배양되었다. 수술 후 2주간의 ceftriaxone 정맥주사 후 3주간의 amoxicillin 경구 항생제로 치료한 후 재발없이 안정된 상태를 보이고 있다.

Computational Evaluation on the Interactions of an Opaque-Phase ABC Transporter Associated with Fluconazole Resistance in Candida albicans, by the Psidium guajava Bio-Active Compounds

  • Mithil Vora;Smiline Girija Aseervatham Selvi;Shoba Gunasekaran;Vijayashree Priyadharsini Jayaseelan
    • 대한약침학회지
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    • 제27권2호
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    • pp.91-100
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    • 2024
  • Objectives: Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogen that occurs as harmless commensals in the intestine, urogenital tract, and skin. It has been influenced by a variety of host conditions and has now evolved as a resistant strain. The aim of this study was thus detect the fluconazole resistant C. albicans from the root caries specimens and to computationally evaluate the interactions of an opaque-phase ABC transporter protein with the Psidium guajava bio-active compounds. Methods: 20 carious scrapings were collected from patients with root caries and processed for the isolation of C. albicans and was screened for fluconazole resistance. Genomic DNA was extracted and molecular characterization of Cdrp1 and Cdrp2 was done by PCR amplification. P. guajava methanolic extract was checked for the antifungal efficacy against the resistant strain of C. albicans. Further in-silico docking involves retrieval of ABC transporter protein and ligand optimization, molinspiration assessment on drug likeness, docking simulations and visualizations. Results: 65% of the samples showed the presence of C.albicans and 2 strains were fluconazole resistant. Crude methanolic extract of P. guajava was found to be promising against the fluconazole resistant strains of C. albicans. In-silico docking analysis showed that Myricetin was a promising candidate with a high docking score and other drug ligand interaction scores. Conclusion: The current study emphasizes that bioactive compounds from Psidium guajava to be a promising candidate for treating candidiasis in fluconazole resistant strains of C. albicans However, further in-vivo studies have to be implemented for the experimental validation of the same in improving the oral health and hygiene.

신생아와 영유아 로타바이러스 위장염의 임상 경과에 대한 비교 (Comparison of Clinical Manifestations of Rotaviral Gastroenteritis between Neonates and Infants)

  • 박민경;박재옥;김창휘
    • Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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    • 제9권2호
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    • pp.153-161
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    • 2006
  • 목 적: 로타바이러스는 영유아 급성 설사증의 대표적인 원인 병원체로써 전 세계에 걸쳐 분포한다. 신생아에서의 로타바이러스 감염은 1975년에 Chrysite 등에 의해 처음 보고된 후 원내 장염의 중요한 원인체로 알려졌으며, 신생아는 영유아와 다른 임상 양상을 보이는 경우가 많다. 신생아의 로타바이러스 감염증의 임상적 고찰에 대한 연구가 부족하여 저자는 로타바이러스 감염으로 입원한 신생아와 영유아를 대상으로 임상 양상의 차이를 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법: 2001년 2월 1일부터 2003년 1월 31일까지 순천향대학교 부천병원에 장염으로 입원하여 시행한 로타바이러스 항원 검사 양성인 신생아 104명, 영유아 250명을 대상으로 성별, 계절별 분포, 임상 증상, 동반된 질환, 수유 방법에 따른 발생 빈도 등을 비교하였다. 결 과: 계절별로 보면 영유아에서는 2~6월 사이에, 신생아는 10~12월 사이에 발생률이 높았다. 임상 증상은 영유아에서는 설사, 구토, 발열이 가장 흔했고, 경련이 발생한 경우가 있었으며, 신생아에서는 발열과 설사 증상 외에 탈수와 동반된 대사성 산증, 황달, 보챔, 무호흡, 혈변, 위 잔류, 끙끙거림의 비특이적인 증상이 통계학적으로 유의하게 나타났다. 그밖에 통계학적인 유의성은 없으나 수유량 감소, 기면, 구토 등의 증상도 보였다. 동반된 질환으로 영유아는 상기도 감염, 폐렴, 기관지염 등의 호흡기 질환이 많았으며, 그밖에 요로감염, 장중첩증, 출혈성 위염, 간염, 가와사키병이 동반되었다. 신생아에서는 괴사성 장염이 의미 있게 동반되었고, 그밖에 상기도 감염, 폐렴, 요로감염이 있었다. 수유 방법에 있어서는 로타바이러스 감염 환아 중 신생아와 영아 모두 분유 수유아가 모유 수유아보다 많았으나 통계학적으로 유의하지는 않았다. 결 론: 신생아에서의 로타바이러스 감염은 영유아와 달리 황달, 보챔, 무호흡, 혈변, 위 잔류, 수유량 감소, 기면 등의 비특이적인 증상이 발생하는 경우가 많으므로 염두에 두고 진단하려고 노력해야 한다. 로타바이러스는 영유아는 물론 신생아에서도 중요한 원인체로 밝혀지고 있으므로 향후 로타바이러스 감염의 보다 쉽고 간편한 진단 방법, 병원체 분리, 감염 경로, 면역 반응 및 예방과 치료에 대한 연구가 더 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

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한국인 만성 치주염 환자에서 치주질환 원인균의 동정 (Identification of putative periodontal pathogens in Korean chronic periodontitis patients)

  • 윤정호;박정은;김두일;이승일;최성호;조규성;이대실
    • Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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    • 제38권2호
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    • pp.143-152
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    • 2008
  • Purpose: Specific bacteria are believed to play an important role in chronic periodontitis. Although extensive microbial analyses have been performed from subgingival plaque samples of periodontitis patients, systemic analysis of subingival microbiota has not been carried out in a Korean population so far. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of 29 putative periodontal pathogens in Korean chronic periodontitis patients and evaluate which pathogens are more associated with Korean chronic periodontitis. Material and Methods: A total of 86 subgingival plaque samples were taken from 15 chronic periodontits(CP) patients and 13 periodontally healthy subjects in Korea. CP samples were obtained from the deepest periodontal pocket (>3 mm probing depth[PD]) and the most shallow periodontal probing site ($\leq$3 mm PD) in anterior tooth and posterior tooth, respectively, of each patient. Samples in healthy subjects were obtained from 1 anterior tooth and 1 posterior tooth. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of subgingival plaque bacteria was performed. Detection frequencies(% prevalence) of 29 putative periodontal pathogens were investigated as bacterium-positive sites/total sites. Results: With the exception of Olsenella profuse and Prevotella nigrescens, the sites of diseased patients generally showed higher prevalence than the healthy sites of healthy subjects for all bacteria analyzed. Tanerella forsythensis (B.forsythus), Campylobacter rectus, Filifactor alocis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas endodontalis and Porphyromonas gingivalis were detected in more than 80% of sites with deep probing depths in CP patients. In comparison between the sites (deep or shallow PD) of CP patients and the healthy sites of healthy subjects, there was statistically significant difference(P<0.05) of prevalence in T.forsythensis (B.forsythus), C.rectus, Dialister invisus, F.alocis, P.gingivalis and Treponema denticola. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that the four putative periodontal pathogens, T.forsythensis (B.forsythus), C.rectus, P.gingivalis and F.alocis are closely related with CP patients in the Korean population.

Porphyromonas endodontalis의 침투에 따른 혈관 내피세포의 유전자 발현 (GENE EXPRESSION OF HUMAN CORONARY ARTERY ENDOTHELIAL CELLS IN RESPONSE TO PORPHYROMONAS ENDODONTALIS INVASION)

  • 공희정;최경규;박상혁;이진용;최기운
    • Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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    • 제34권6호
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    • pp.537-550
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    • 2009
  • 본 연구에서는 Porphyromonas endodontalis와 죽상경화증 및 심혈관질환과의 관계를 알아보기 위해, P. endodontalis가 사람의 관상동맥 내피세포에 침투했을 때 나타나는 유전자 발현의 변화를 microarray와 real-time PCR로 측정하였고, 발현이 증가된 유전자 중에서 죽상경화증과 연관된 유전자들이 관련 KEGG pathway 상에서 유의성 있는 영향을 미치는지를 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. Porphyromonas endodontalis는 사람의 관상동맥 내피세포에 침투하였다. 2. Microarray 분석결과, 대조군보다 발현이 2배 이상 증가된 유전자는 625개였고, 1/2이하로 감소된 유전자는 154개였다. 3. 발현이 2배 이상 증가된 유전자 중에는 염증성 cytokine 및 chemokine, 세포자멸사, 혈액응고와 면역반응 관련 유전자들이 포함되었다. 4. Microarray 분석결과를 확인하기 위해 발현이 2배 이상 증가된 유전자 중에서 10개의 유전자를 선택하여 real-time PCR을 시행하였고, 그 결과 microarray에서와 마찬가지로 발현 정도가 대조군보다 모두 높게 나타났다. 따라서 P. endodontalis가 사람의 관상동맥 내피세포에 만성적으로 작용했을 때, 심혈관질환에서 중요한 부분을 차지하는 죽상경화증을 유발하는 위험 요소 중의 하나로 작용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 이와 관련된 자세한 기전을 이해하기 위해서는 앞으로 더 많은 연구가 필요할 것으로 보인다.