• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.337-346
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• 2007

본 연구는 교근비대의 중요한 기여요인으로 간주되는 이갈이의 영향을 평가하기 위해 이갈이 습관의 유무에 따른 BTX-A 주사후의 임상적 변화를 조사하였다. 실험을 위해 양측성 교근비대를 가진 지원자 중, 야간 이갈이 습관을 가지고 있는 지원자 5명과 이갈이 습관이 없는 지원자 5명을 선택하여 BTX-A(Allergen Inc., $Botox^{(R)}$)를 25 unit씩을 양측 교근에 각각 주사하였다. BTX-A의 교근주사 후에 나타나는 변화를 평가하기 위하여 주사 전과 주사 후 2주, 4주, 8주, 3개월, 6개월 9개월에 각각 검사를 시행하여 초음파를 이용한 전측두근과 교근의 두께 측정, 전치부와 구치부의 최대교합력 측정, 교합력의 변화에 대한 주관적 평가를 비교하였다. 교근에 BTX-A를 주사한 후에 이갈이군과 비이갈이군 모두 초음파검사에서 교근의 두께가 감소되어 3개월 정도에 가장 현저한 위축 소견을 보였으며 이후 점차 회복되어가는 양상을 보였다(p<0.001). 비이갈이군과 비교하였을 때 이갈이군에서 교근두께의 회복이 더 현저하였으나, 주사 후 9개월에도 치료전과 비교했을 때는 여전히 근위축이 관찰되었다. 구치부 최대교합력도 교근두께 변화와 유사한 양상을 보였다. 전측두근과 전치부 최대 교합력은 주사 후 시간경과에 따른 변화를 보여 주지 않았다(p>0.05). 피검자가 스스로 느끼는 교합력은 주사 2주 후에 가장 저하되었다가 점차 빠르게 회복되어 6개월에서 9개월 사이 이전의 상태로 회복한 반면 교합력측 정기로 측정한 구치부 최대교합력의 상대적 변화는 최대교합력이 원래의 상태로 회복되지 못했음을 보여주었다. BTX-A 주사로 인한 상대적인 구치부 최대교합력의 저하는 비이갈이군에서 더욱 현저하게 관찰되었다. 이 실험의 결과는 이갈이는 BTX-A 주사 후에 발생한 교근 위축과 교합력 감소가 원상태로 회복되는 과정에 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 보여준다. 그러므로 이갈이 등의 이상기능 습관을 가진 교근비대 환자의 BTX-A 주사효과를 보다 오래 유지하기 위해서 주사와 함께 습관조절을 위한 교합장치의 사용을 고려할 필요가 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.89-109
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• 1999

Vascular spasm which has been reported to occur in 25% of clinical cases continues to be a problem in microvascular surgery; When prolonged and not corrected, it can lead to low flow, thrombosis, and replant or free flap failure. Ischemia, intimal damage, acidosis and hypovolemia have been implicated as contributors to the vascular spasm. Although much work has been done on the etiology and prevention of vasospasm, a spasmolytic agent capable of firmly protecting against or reversing vasospasm has not been found. Therefore vascular freezing was introduced as a new safe method that immediately and permanently relieves the vasospasm and can be applied to microsurgical transfers. Cryosurgery can be defined as the deliberate destruction of diseased tissue or relief the vascular spasm in microvascular surgery by freezing in a controlled manner. 96 Sprague Dawley rats each weighing within 250g were used and divided into 2 group, experimental 1 and 2 group. In the experimental 1 group, right epigastric vessels (artery and vein) were freezed with a cryoprobe using $N_2O$ gas for 1 min. In the experimental 2 group, after freezing for 1 min, thawing for 30 secs and repeat freezing for 30 secs. Left side was chosen as control group in both group. We sacrified the experimental animals by 1 day, 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks & 5 months and observed the sequential change that occur during regeneration of epigastric vessels using a histologic, histomorphometric, immunohistochemical and SEM study after the vascular freezing. The results were as follows1. In epigastric arteries, internal diameters had statistically significant enlargement in 1 day, 3 days of Exp-1 group and 1 day, 3 days, 1 week & 2 weeks of Exp-2 group. Wall thickness had statistically significant thinning in 2 weeks of Exp-2 group. 2. In epigastric veins, internal diameters had enlargement of statistical significance in 1 day of Exp-1 and Exp-2 group. 3. The positive PCNA reactions in smooth muscle appeared in 1 week and increased until 2 weeks, decreased in 4 weeks. There was no statistical significance between Exp-1 and Exp-2 group. 4. The positive ${\alpha}$-SMA reaction in smooth muscles showed weak responses until 1 week and slowly increased in 2 weeks and showed almost control level in 4 weeks. 5. The positive S-100 reactions in the perivascular nerve bundles showed markedly decrease in 1 day, 3 days and increased after 1 week and showed almost control level in 4 weeks. Exp-1 group had stronger response than Exp-2 group. 6. In SEM, we observed defoliation of endothelial cell and flattening of vessel wall. Exp-2 group is more destroyed and healing was slower than Exp-1 group. To sum up, relief of vasospasm (vasodilatation) by freezing with cryoprobe was originated from the damage of smooth muscle layer and perivascular nerve bundle and the enlargement of internal diameter in vessels was similar to expeimental groups, but Exp-2 group had slower healing course and therefore vessel freezing in microsurgery can be clinically used, but repeat freezing time needs to be studied further.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.211-218
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• 2007

본 연구는 측두하악장애가 관절과 근육 등 다양한 구조물에 이환되는 복합적인 질환을 통칭하는 용어인 점을 고려하여 이환 구조물에 따라 세부 진단군으로 분류하여 최대교합력을 조사함으로써 진단에 따른 교합력의 차이 및 치료 전후의 교합력 변화를 평가하고자 하였다. 본 연구를 위하여 단국대학교 치과대학 부속병원 구강내과에 내원한 측두하악장애 환자 중 교합이 비교적 정상이고 치아상실이나 치주질환이 심하지 않은 편측성 증상과 징후를 환자 중에서 치료가 종결된 환자 36명 (남:여=7:29, 평균연령 $28.1{\pm}13.7$세)을 대상으로 하였다. 첫 내원시에 교합력측정기를 이용하여 이환측 및 비이환측의 견치와 제1대구치에서 최대교합력을 측정하여 비교한 다음, 치료가 종결된 상태에서 다시 한번 최대교합력을 측정, 비교하였다. 통계분석을 위해 paired t-test, ANOVA, multiple comparison t-tests를 사용하였다. 연구의 결과, 견치에서는 증상측과 비증상측 모두 치료 전에 비해 치료 후 최대교합력이 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이며 증가했으며,(p=0.001, p=0.000) 제1대구치에서는 증상측에서만 다소 증가된 경향을 보여주었다.(p=0.081) 치료전후의 최대교합력의 변화는 견치에서 뚜렷하게 나타났으나 측두하악장애를 이환 조직에 따라 저작근장애군, 관절내장증군, 관절염증군 및 골관절염군으로 나누어 비교했을 때 증상측 구치부에서 각 진단군간에 유의한 차이를 보여주었고,(p=0.023) 견치에서는 일부 군에서만 차이가 관찰되었다. 견치와 제1대구치 모두에서 골관절염군의 최대 교합력이 다른 군과 비교하여 가장 낮았는데, 이는 통증과 정형적 불안정이 교합력의 감소를 유발한다는 것을 알 수 있다. 치료전후의 차이는 저작근장애군과 관절내장증군에서는 증상측에서 유의하게 관찰된 반면, 골관절염군에서는 비증상측에서 유의하게 관찰되었다(p<0.05). 즉, 본 연구는 근육 또는 관절 기원의 통증, 기능이상, 정형적 불안정은 최대교합력의 감소를 야기하며 이는 보존적인 치료 후에 회복됨을 보여주는데, 치료 전후의 변화는 제1대구치보다 견치에서 뚜렷하게 나타났음을 시사한다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.116-121
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• 2010

Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) promote the development of brain and vision of the fetus, relieve inflammation, inhibit oral dysplasia of rumor cell, decrease the incidence of cardiovascular disease and regulate arrhythmia. ${\Delta}-6$ desaturase is the rate-limited enzyme in the desaturation process. This study reports the cloning, characterization and tissue expression of a ${\Delta}-6$ desaturase gene in the chicken. PCR primers were designed based on the predicted sequence of chicken ${\Delta}-6$ desaturase (accession number: XM421053) and used to isolate a cDNA fragment of 1,323 bp from chicken liver. Based on the 1,323 bp fragment an EST (BI390105) was obtained by BLAST. The EST and 5'nd of the 1,323 bp fragment were partially overlapped. Gene specific primers derived from the EST were used for amplification of the 5'nd. Another gene-specific primer derived from the 1,323 bp fragment was used for amplification of the 3'nd by 3'ACE. Then the three overlapping cDNA sequences obtained were assembled with DNAMAN software and a full-length ${\Delta}-6$ desaturase of 2,153 bp was obtained. The full-length cDNA contained an ORF of 1,335 bp with a 5'ntranslated region of 147 nucleotides followed by an ATG initiation codon. Stop codon TGA was at position 1,481-1,483 bp. The deduced amino acids shared an homology above 77% with bovine, mice, orangutan, rat and human. The protein sequence had three histidine-rich regions HDFGH (HisI region), HFQHH (HisII region) and HH (HisIII region), a cytochrome $b_{5}$-like domain containing a heme-binding motif and two transmembrane domains. Sequence analysis of the chicken genomic DNA revealed that the coding sequence of chicken ${\Delta}-6$ desaturase included 12 exons and 11 introns. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR showed that the ${\Delta}-6$ desaturase expression levels were in turn liver, spleen, pancreas, lung, breast muscle, heart, and abdominal fat. The expression of ${\Delta}-6$ desaturase in liver was significantly higher than that in breast muscle (p<0.01). The expression of ${\Delta}-6$ desaturase in lung was significantly higher than that in abdominal fat (p<0.01). This is the first clone of chicken ${\Delta}-6$ desaturase.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.51-57
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• 1988

전국양만장(全國養鰻場)에 pleistophora포자충(胞子蟲)이 기생(奇生)하여 상당한 피해(被害)를 입고 있는 실정(實情)이다. Pleistophora증(症)에 관(關)한 기초연구(基礎硏究)로서 감염방법(感染方法)과 감염량(感染量), 감염율(感染率)의 관계(關係) 및 병리조직학적(病理組織學的) 관찰(觀察)을 검토(檢討)한 것으로 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. Pleistophora anguillarum 포자(胞子)를 경구감염(經口感染)시키거나 침지감염(沈漬感染)시킨 결과(結果), 모두 감염(感染)이 성립(成立)되었다. 경구감염(經口感染)의 경우 포자수(胞子數) $2.5{\sim}10^3$/어체중(魚體重) 1~2%의 사료(飼料)(g) 이상(以上)에서, 침지감염(沈漬感染)의 경우 포자수(胞子數) $1{\times}10^210/m{\ell}$이상(以上)에서 감염(感染)시킨 개체(個體)는 100% 감염(感染)되었다. 2. 병리조직학적(病理組織學的) 실험결과(實驗結果), 포자감염후(胞子感染後) 21일경(日頃)부터 근육(筋肉)속에서 cyst를 관찰(觀察)할 수 있었다. 근육조직내(筋肉組織內)에서 포자(胞子)가 근육(筋肉)을 융해(融解)시켜 cyst를 형성(形成)하고 cyst는 성숙(成熟)하여 붕괴(崩壞)되었고, cyst내(內)의 포자(胞子)는 분산(分散)되었다. 그리고, 건강(健康)한 근육조직(筋肉組織)에 침입(侵入)하여 조직(組織)을 붕괴(崩壞)하는 과정(課程)이 진행(進行)됨에 따라 병어(病魚)는 서서(徐徐)히 죽게 되었다. 3. Pleistophora anguillarum 포자(胞子)를 실험적(實驗的)으로 감염(感染)시킨 뱀장어는 시간적(時間的)인 차이(差異)는 있으나 모두 폐사(斃死)되었다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.427-439
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• 2004

It has been reported that Bopheyangyoungjeon(BYJ) has an effect on deficiency asthma(喘虛) clinically. The aim of this study was to determine an appropriate dosage of BYJ to treat asthma. In order to study the effects of orally administered BYJ on allergic asthma, mice were pretreated with three oral doses of the herbal solution of BYJ before antigen sensitization. 2 days later Mice were actively sensitized with a subcutaneous injection of ovalbumin and 13 day later ovalbumin aerosols were used to provoke asthmatic reaction. Serum level of IgE, IL-4, WBC, RBC, HGB, cell numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF), and in vitro isometric contractile responses of the isolated tracheal smooth muscle(TSM) to acetylcholine(ACh, 0.1-1000uM), KCl were measured. The results were as follows ; 1. Contractile responses of TSM to ACh significantly increased in C group at Ach 0.3, 1, 3, 10, 30, 100, 300, 1000uM(P<0.05, P<0.01) and increased in D at 0.1, 0.3, 3, 30, 30, 100, 300, 1000uM. 2. The sensitivity of TSM to Ach increased more in A, B group, but it was not significant. 3. The maximal contractile response of TSM to ACh decreased more significantly in C group(P<0.01) and D group(P<0.05) the control group. 4. The maximal contractile response of TSM to KCI decreased more significantly in B group and C group(P<0.001) than in the control group. 5. The counts of lymphocytes in BALF decreased more significantly in B group and D group(P<0.05) than in the control group. 6. The counts of macrophages in BALF decreased more significantly in B group, C(P<0.05) than in the control group. 8. Serum IgE level increased more significantly in B group and C group(P<0.05) than the control group. 9. The counts of WBC, RBC, HGB in blood increased more significantly in A group than the control group. The above results support a role for BYJ orally administered in treatment of deficiency allergic Asthma.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is more frequently diagnosed and is characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. $\small{D}$-xylose, a sucrase inhibitor, may be useful as a functional sugar complement to inhibit increases in blood glucose levels. The objective of this study was to investigate the anti-diabetic effects of $\small{D}$-xylose both in vitro and stretpozotocin (STZ)-nicotinamide (NA)-induced models in vivo. MATERIALS/METHODS: Wistar rats were divided into the following groups: (i) normal control; (ii) diabetic control; (iii) diabetic rats supplemented with a diet where 5% of the total sucrose content in the diet was replaced with $\small{D}$-xylose; and (iv) diabetic rats supplemented with a diet where 10% of the total sucrose content in the diet was replaced with $\small{D}$-xylose. These groups were maintained for two weeks. The effects of $\small{D}$-xylose on blood glucose levels were examined using oral glucose tolerance test, insulin secretion assays, histology of liver and pancreas tissues, and analysis of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCK) expression in liver tissues of a STZ-NA-induced experimental rat model. Levels of glucose uptake and insulin secretion by differentiated C2C12 muscle cells and INS-1 pancreatic ${\beta}$-cells were analyzed. RESULTS: In vivo, $\small{D}$-xylose supplementation significantly reduced fasting serum glucose levels (P < 0.05), it slightly reduced the area under the glucose curve, and increased insulin levels compared to the diabetic controls. $\small{D}$-xylose supplementation enhanced the regeneration of pancreas tissue and improved the arrangement of hepatocytes compared to the diabetic controls. Lower levels of PEPCK were detected in the liver tissues of $\small{D}$-xylose-supplemented rats (P < 0.05). In vitro, both 2-NBDG uptake by C2C12 cells and insulin secretion by INS-1 cells were increased with $\small{D}$-xylose supplementation in a dose-dependent manner compared to treatment with glucose alone. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, $\small{D}$-xylose exerted anti-diabetic effects in vivo by regulating blood glucose levels via regeneration of damaged pancreas and liver tissues and regulation of PEPCK, a key rate-limiting enzyme in the process of gluconeogenesis. In vitro, $\small{D}$-xylose induced the uptake of glucose by muscle cells and the secretion of insulin cells by ${\beta}$-cells. These mechanistic insights will facilitate the development of highly effective strategy for T2D.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.13-22
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• 2007

The stem cell research is emerging as a cutting edge topic for a new treatment for many chronic diseases. Recently, dental stem cell would be possible for regeneration of tooth itself as well as periodontal tissue. However, the study of the cell characterization is scarce. Therefore, we performed the genetic profiling and the characterization of mouse fetus/neonate derived dental tissue and cell to find the identification during dental development. We separated dental arch from mandibles of 14.5 d fetal mice and neonate 0 d under the stereoscope, and isolated dental cells primarily from the tissues. Then, we examined morphology and the gene expression profiles of the primary cells and dental tissues from fetus/neonate and adult with RT-PCR. Primary dental cells showed heterogeneous but the majority was shown as fibroblast-like morphology. The change of population doubling time levels (PDLs) showed that the primary dental cells have growth potential and could be expanded under our culture conditions without reduction of growth rate. Immunocytochemical and flow cytometric analyses were performed to characterize the primary dental cell populations from both of fetus (E14.5) and neonate. Alpha smooth muscle actin (${\alpha}-SMA$), vimentin, and von Willebrand factor showed strong expression, but desmin positive cells were not detected in the primary dental cells. Most of the markers were not uniformly expressed, but found in subsets of cells, indicating that the primary dental cell population is heterogeneous, and characteristics of the populations were changed during culture period. And mesenchymal stem cell markers were highly expressed. Gene expression profile showed Wnt family and its related signaling molecules, growth factors, transcription factors and tooth specific molecules were expressed both fetal and neonatal tissue. The tooth specific genes (enamelin, amelogenin, and DSPP) only expressed in neonate and adult stage. These expression patterns appeared same as primary fetal and neonatal cells. In this study we isolated primary cells from whole mandible of fetal and neonatal mice. And we investigated the characteristics of the primary cells and the profile of gene expressions, which are involved in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during tooth development. Taken together, the primary dental cells in early passages or fetal and neonatal mandibles could be useful stem cell resources.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.173-180
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• 2015

Environmental pesticides used for insect control can be transferred from plants to animals even to livestock animals through food chain. Human beings also can be exposed to pesticides by consuming polluted dairy products, including meats, eggs and other milk products. Therefore, the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) established Standard for Pesticide Residue Limits in dairy products. The QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) methods for detecting residual pesticides are relatively well established for fruits and vegetables, however, the methods for meat have not been appropriately studied yet. In the present work, pyraclofos was used as an organophosphate pesticide to examine its tissue residue in experimental animals by QuEChERS methods. For this, pyraclofos (150 mg/kg body weight) was orally administered to male rats once a day for 2 days. After 6, 12, and 24 hr of the treatment, the tissue residues in liver and femoral muscle of the rats were determined using QuEChERS methods followed by HPLC analyses. In preliminary studies, the recovery rates of spiking samples of pyraclofos demonstrated approximately 109~110% from the tissues. In previous study, pyraclofos tissue residues were observed with significantly high levels in livers and muscles at 6 hr of oral treatment. Then, they were almost completely disappeared after 24 hr of the administration, indicating the orally exposed pyraclofos is rapidly absorbed and distributed to body organs, then quickly excreted from the body with a negligible level of tissue residue. The alterations in blood chemistry as well as the histopathology of heart, lung, liver, spleen and kidney have also been investigated in the experimental animals for assessing acute toxic effects of pyraclofos. The obtained blood chemistry indexes (ALT and AST) showed maximum peak values at 12 hr after the oral administration and decreased to the normal levels at 24 hr of the treatment. Histopathologic observation exhibited acute hepatic damages at 24 hr of the treatment. In conclusion, we suggest that QuEChERS method can be adequately optimized for the analysis of pyraclofos residues in animal tissues.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.348-355
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• 2006

우리는 3예의 편측성 불완전 구순열 환아에서 Bardach 삼각피판법을 사용하여 구순열을 수복하였다. Millard법에 비해 비주기저부와 비익기저부에 부가적인 절개를 가하지 않으므로 술후 반흔을 줄일 수 있었다. 또한 Tennison-Randall법에 비해 간단하면서도 정교한 계측에 의한 작도가 가능하였다. 한편 삼각피판법의 단점으로 지적되고 있는 인중 부위의 술후 반흔은 3예 모두 불완전 구순열이었기 때문에 삼각피판의 길이가 짧아 심미적으로 허용할 만하였다. Bardach 삼각피판법은 편측성 불완전 구순열의 수복에 추천할 만한 술식임을 경험하였다.