• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.233-244
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• 2018

Purpose: Oral carcinoma cuniculatum is a rare well-differentiated variant of oral squamous cell carcinoma. The purpose was to systematically review its unique features to differentiate it from other variants as verrucous carcinoma, papillary squamous cell carcinoma and well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Materials and Methods: A systematic review was performed using MEDLINE, Dentistry and Oral Sciences Source and PubMed databases and any existing articles related to the research subject missed in the search strategy to screen ones reporting cases occurring exclusively in the oral cavity in English literature. Variables analyzed included clinical, etiologic, imaging, histopatholgical features, treatment, follow-up and survival rates. Results: From 229 hits, 17 articles with 43 cases were included in the systematic review. Clinically it showed a female predilection with pain and/or ulceration of a relatively long duration and exudation being the most common symptoms. Histologically, it showed more endophytic features comprising well-differentiated squamous epithelium with absent or minimal cytological atypia and multiple keratin filled crypts or cuniculus. Inflammatory stromal reaction and discharging abscesses were reported in most of the cases. Bone destruction was predominant in most imaging features. Complete surgical resection with a safety margin was the treatment of choice in most of the cases with few recorded recurrence cases. Conclusion: Apprehensive knowledge of oral carcinoma cuniculatum unique features is essential to avoid its misdiagnosis and provide proper treatment especially for recurrent cases.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.277-280
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• 2001

Verrucous carcinoma is a distinctive, extremely well-differentiated, slow-growing variant of the squamous cell carcinoma. Verrucous carcinoma of the oral cavity is relatively rare. McCoy reported about 49 verrucous carcinomas of the oral cavity. McCoy reported that the most common site of occurrence was the buccal mucosa, followed by the mandibular alveolar ridge and gingiva, and that The majority of the patients were between the ages of 50 and 80 years. Although most other series of oral verrucous carcinoma show a male predominence, our case occurred in female. The role of radiation therapy in treatment of oral verrucous carcinoma is controversial, and adequate surgical excision appears to be the treatment of choice. In this paper a case of verrucous carcinoma of the buccal mucosa and a review of the literature is presented.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.543-546
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• 2001

Primary intraosseous carcinoma(PIOC) is defined as a squamous cell carcinoma arising within the jaw, having no initial connection with the oral mucosa. The squamous cell carcinoma within the bone can be presumably developed from residues of the odontogenic epithelium, therefore, it is seen in the jaw only. Metastatic carcinoma from another primary site should be excluded in the diagnosis of Primary Intraosseous Carcinoma. This is a case of 62-year-old man, who initially diagnosed as odontogenic cyst on maxilla, but its pathologic examination was diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma with odontogenic cyst. We treated this patient with partial maxillectomy, modified radical neck dissection(mRND), and postoperative radiation therapy.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.519-525
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• 2001

The oral cavity has frequent contacts with many carcinogenic compounds and its soft tissue is continuously stimulated by numerous dental factors. We have examined the detailed dental factors and its correlation with oral squamous cell carcinoma, and denture-wearing effects to analyze the effect of the dental factors on the genesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. We have studied clinical contributing factors and the dental factors in the genesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma when the effects of smoking and drinking are controlled. The study cases are 100 patients(75 males and 25 females) who were diagnosed histo-pathologically as squamous cell carcinoma at the Yonsei Medical Center. The control group was 154 patients who have no systemic malignant tumors. The effects of 6 dental factors were analyzed in this study. They were divided into the smoking group, the non smoking group, the drinking group, and the non-smoking group. The effects of dental factors were analyzed in each group. In this study, we have drawn some conclusions on the relationship between the dental factors and oral squamous cell carcinoma using $x^2$-test. 1. The repaired teeth have statistical significance on the genesis of squamous cell carcinoma. This is probably due to the combining effects of past poor oral hygiene and continuous stimulation due to poor prosthesis. 2. There is statistical significance of the lost teeth in the smoking group, and the repaired teeth and the degree of alveolar bone resorption had statistical significance in the non-smoking group. 3. Smoking and drinking by-itself have no statistical significance in the genesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. However, in combination, they have statistical significance. In this study, dental factors had a synergistic effect with smoking and drinking. Together with avoidance of smoking and drinking, appropriate restoration and oral hygiene control are most important factors in the preventive aspects of the oral squamous cell carcinoma.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.60-64
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• 2004

Squamous papilloma is a benign proliferation of stratified squamous epithelium, resulting in a papillary or verruciform mass. Verrucous carcinoma is a differentiated variant of squamous cell carcinoma and may present diagnostic difficulties as it may be erroneously diagnosed as squamous papilloma. Squamous papilloma is similar to other oral mucosa malignancy in microscopic view. So, it is difficult to distinguish between squamous cell papilloma and other oral mucosa malignancy. Here are three patients. they were diagnosed as squamous papilloma initially, but the lesion was recurred. In recurred lesion, verrucous carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma were found. So we report that recurred oral mucosa malignency(verrucous carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma) which was diagnosed as squamous papilloma.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2015

Objectives: The goal of this study was to determine the correlation of clinicopathological factors and the up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemical staining of VEGF and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of VEGF mRNA were performed in 20 specimens from 20 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and another 20 specimens from 20 patients with carcinoma in situ as a controlled group. Results: The results were as follows: 1) In immunohistochemical study of poorly differentiated and invasive oral squamous cell carcinoma, high-level staining of VEGF was observed. Significant correlation was observed between immunohistochemical VEGF expression and histologic differentiation, tumor size of specimens (Pearson correlation analysis, significance r>0.6, P<0.05). 2) In VEGF quantitative RT-PCR analysis, progressive cancer showed more VEGF expression than carcinoma in situ. Paired-samples analysis determined the difference of VEGF mRNA expression level between cancer tissue and carcinoma in situ tissue, between T1 and T2-4 (Student's t-test, P<0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that up-regulation of VEGF may play a role in the angiogenesis and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.78-81
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• 2014

Verrucous carcinoma is a relatively rare variant of well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma first described by Ackerman in 1948. It is distinct in its slow progression, exophytic cauliflower like growth, low grade malignancy and low incidence of metastasis. The oral cavity is one of the predilection sites for verrucous carcinoma. In the oral cavity, the gingiva and buccal mucosa are the common site. Verrucous carcinoma of the lip is clinically quite rare and only several cases of that were reported in the world. The aim of this study is to report an unusual case of verrucous carcinoma of the lower lip.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.45-48
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• 2009

Verrucous carcinoma is a distinctive form of low-grade squamous cell carcinoma. The tumor has an exophytic, cauliflower-like appearance, and usually occurs in males and tends to affect individuals over 60 years of age. It typically involves the oral cavity, larynx, esophagus and skin. Most intraoral cases involve the mandibular vestibule, the buccal mucosa and the hard palate. The cause is unknown, but most verrucous carcinomas arise from the oral mucosa in people who chronically use chewing tobacco or snuff. The treatment of oral verrucous carcinoma remains controversial. Whenever possible, surgically total excision and skin or mucosal grafting is recommended. After total excision of huge verrucous carcinoma,instead of dermal or mucosal grafting, we used artificial dermis silicone membrane. We had a good result without recurrence and present this case.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.226-230
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• 2002

Carcinomas derived from ameloblastomas have been designated by a variety of terms, including malignant ameloblastoma, ameloblastic carcinoma, metastatic ameloblastoma, and primary intra-alveolar epidermoid carcinoma. The term of ameloblastic carcinoma is differentiated from the term of malignant amelblastoma and is defined as an ameloblastoma in which there is histologic evidence of malignancy in the primary tumor or the recurrent tumor(or metastasis), regardless of whether it has metastasized. The well-documented and adequately followed cases are currently lacking and this report described an instance of ameloblastic carcinoma with good result after treatment and review of literature.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.253-257
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• 2014

Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a rare epithelial tumour, and comprises about 1% of all malignant tumours of the oral and maxillofacial region. It is a malignant tumour which may develop in the trachea, bronchus, lungs or mammary glands, in addition to the head and neck region. Occurrences in the head and neck are mostly detected in the major salivary gland, oral cavity, pharynx and paranasal sinus where it presents as a slow growing firm nodular swelling. The aim of the article is to highlight the unique presentation of adenoid cystic carcinoma as a solitary ulcer on the floor of the mouth.