• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.951-952
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• 2000

Acylation of an intermediate tetrahydroxoplatinum(IV) complex, $[Pt(OH)_4(dach)]$ (dach = $trans-(\pm)-12-di-aminocyclohexane)$, with one or two kinds of carboxylic anhydrides in stepwise manner afforded various car-boxylatoplatinum(IV) complexes, $[Pt(O_2CR)\chi(OR’)4-\chi(dach)]$ (R = $(CH_2)_3CH_3$ or $C(CH_3)_3$, R’ = H or $OCCH_3$, and $\chi$ = 1-4) with a wide range of lipophilicity. The title complexes were subjected to bioassay using the murine leukemia L1210 cell line, and in particular, their in vivo oral antitumor activity was attempted to correlate with their lipophilicity and water solubility. The most orally active complex exhibited intermediate lipophilicity and water solubility, but it has been found that an exact relationship between the lipophilicity and oral anticancer activity could not be established, since the lipophilicity of the complexes is not the sole parameter to determine the oral activity. One of the important intermediate complexes partially substituted was subjected to X-ray anal-ysis for positit of the substituted group: $[Pt(OPiv)_3(OH)(dach)]$ crystallizes in the tetragonal sys-tem, space group $P42_1c$ with a = 21.161(3) $\AA$, b = 21.161(6) $\AA$, c = 12.816(3) $\AA$, $\alpha=\beta=$ r $=90^{\circ}$, V = 5739(2) $\AA^3$ and Z = 8.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.629-637
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of activity restriction and the number of remaining teeth of the elderly and to analyze the correlation. Methods: Statistical analysis of the collected data was analyzed using the SPSS window program 25.0 version (IBM) using a composite sample for the analysis of the 7th National Health and Nutrition Survey data, and a composite sample multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to confirm the effect of activity restrictions on the number of remaining teeth. Results: As a result of analyzing the effect of activity restriction on the number of remaining teeth, in the model that analyzed only activity restriction variables, the risk ratio of less than 20 remaining teeth was 1.61 times higher and the age-adjusted model, the risk ratio of less than 20 remaining teeth was 1.46 times higher (p<0.001). In the model that corrected all variables, the results were not statistically significant. Conclusions: In this study, the relationship between activity restriction and the number of remaining teeth could be confirmed, and in subsequent studies, more in-depth studies are considered to be needed using sub-variables that specifically reflect the reasons for activity restriction.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.297-298
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• 2009

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.8-15
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• 2014

Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric inflammation includes induction of inflammatory mediators interleukin (IL)-8 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which are mediated by oxidant-sensitive transcription factor NF-${\kappa}B$. High levels of lipid peroxide (LPO) and increased activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO), a biomarker of neutrophil infiltration, are observed in H. pylori-infected gastric mucosa. Panax ginseng Meyer, a Korean herb medicine, is widely used in Asian countries for its biological activities including anti-inflammatory efficacy. The present study aims to investigate whether Korean Red Ginseng extract (RGE) inhibits H. pylori-induced gastric inflammation in Mongolian gerbils. One wk after intragastric inoculation with H. pylori, Mongolian gerbils were fed with either the control diet or the diet containing RGE (200 mg RGE/gerbil) for 6 wk. The following were determined in gastric mucosa: the number of viable H. pylori in stomach; MPO activity; LPO level; mRNA and protein levels of keratinocyte chemoattractant factor (KC, a rodent IL-8 homolog), IL-$1{\beta}$, and iNOS; protein level of phospho-$I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$(which reflects the activation of NF-${\kappa}B$); and histology. As a result, RGE suppressed H. pylori-induced mRNA and protein levels of KC, IL-$1{\beta}$, and iNOS in gastric mucosa. RGE also inhibited H. pylori-induced phosphorylation of $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ and increases in LPO level and MPO activity of gastric mucosa. RGE did not affect viable H. pylori colonization in the stomach, but improved the histological grade of infiltration of poly-morphonuclear neutrophils, intestinal metaplasia, and hyperplasia. In conclusion, RGE inhibits H. pyloriinduced gastric inflammation by suppressing induction of inflammatory mediators (KC, IL-$1{\beta}$, iNOS), MPO activity, and LPO level in H. pylori-infected gastric mucosa.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.469-476
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• 2010

This study was to investigate the effect of apigenin on the bioavailability of paclitaxel after oral and intravenous administration in rats. The effect of apigenin on P-glycoprotein (P-gp), cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A4 activity was evaluated. The pharmacokinetic parameters of paclitaxel were determined in rats after oral (40 mg/kg) or intravenous (5 mg/kg) administration of paclitaxel with apigenin (0.4, 2 and 8 mg/kg) to rats. Apigenin inhibited CYP3A4 activity with 50% inhibition concentration ($IC_{50}$) of 1.8 ${\mu}M$. In addition, apigenin significantly inhibited P-gp activity. Compared to the control group, apigenin significantly increased the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC, p<0.05 by 2 mg/kg, 59.0% higher; p<0.01 by 8 mg/kg, 87% higher) of oral paclitaxel. Apigenin also significantly (p<0.05 by 2 mg/kg, 37.2% higher; p<0.01 by 8 mg/kg, 59.3% higher) increased the peak plasma concentration ($C_{max}$) of oral paclitaxel. Apigenin significantly increased the terminal half-life ($t_{1/2}$, p<0.05 by 8 mg/kg, 34.5%) of oral paclitaxel. Consequently, the absolute bioavailability (A.B.) of paclitaxel was significantly (p<0.05 by 2 mg/kg, p<0.01 by 8 mg/kg) increased by apigenin compared to that in the control group, and the relative bioavailability (R.B.) of oral paclitaxel was increased by 1.14- to 1.87-fold. The pharmacokinetics of intravenous paclitaxel were not affected by the concurrent use of apigenin in contrast to the oral administration of paclitaxel. Accordingly, the enhanced oral bioavailability by apigenin may be mainly due to increased intestinal absorption caused via P-gp inhibition by apigenin rather than to reduced renal and hepatic elimination of paclitaxel. The increase in the oral bioavailability might be mainly attributed to enhanced absorption in the gastrointestinal tract via the inhibition of P-gp and reduced first-pass metabolism of paclitaxel via the inhibition of the CYP3A subfamily in the small intestine and/or in the liver by apigenin. It appears that the development of oral paclitaxel preparations as a combination therapy is possible, which will be more convenient than the i.v. dosage form.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.53-62
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• 2016

In the present study, we evaluated the effect of CGM on osteogenic differentiation of cultured osteoblasts, and determined whether combination treatment with LLLT had synergistic effects on osteogenic differentiation. The results indicated that CGM promoted proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of osteoblasts at the threshold concentration of $10{\mu}g/ml$; whereas, CGM showed cytotoxic properties at concentrations above $100{\mu}g/ml$. ALP activity and mineralization were increased at concentrations above $10{\mu}g/ml$. CGM in concentrations up to $10{\mu}g/ml$ also increased the expression of osteoblast-activated factors including type I collagen, BMP-2, RUNX2, and Osterix. The CGM ($50{\mu}g/ml$) and LLLT (80 mW for 15 sec) combination treatment group showed the highest proliferation levels, ALP activity, and mineralization ratios. The combination treatment also increased the levels of phosphorylated forms of p38, ATF2, PKD, ERK, and JNK. In addition, the osteoblast differentiation factors including type I collagen, BMP-2, RUNX2, and Osterix protein levels were clearly increased in the combination treatment group. These results suggested that the combination treatment of CGM and LLLT has synergistic effects on the differentiation and mineralization of osteoblastic cells.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.209-213
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• 2001

Treatment of oral cancers with chemotherapeutic agents are evaluated as an effective method for remission to reduce cancer proliferation nowadays. But, minimization of side-effects such as bone marrow suppression, gastrointestinal toxicity and renal damage is another problem to be solved. Thus, a possible approach to develop a clinically applicable chemotherapeutic agents is to screen anticancer activity among traditional medicinal plants which have been used for thousands of years with very low side-effects in orient. In this study we focused on anti-oral cancer activities of momordin, which was medicinal plant extracts that was revealed anticancer activities, on KB cell(oral cancer cell). The results were as follow : 1. Momordin showed the excellent anti-oral cancer activity against KB cells. Obtained IC50 value of Momordin was $10.4{\mu}g/ml$. 2. When KB cells were treated with Momordin, dose and time dependent DNA fragmentation of KB cells were observed. DNA fragmentation was initiated on three days at the concentration of $20{\mu}g/ml$ Momordin. 3. Flow cytometry showed dose-dependent apoptotic cell increase of KB cells on Momordin. 18.55% apoptotic cell were observed up to 72 hours at the concentration of $20{\mu}g/ml$ of Momordin. 4. Momordin induced nonspecific apoptosis without specific cell cycle arrest. 5. Through MTT assay, DNA fragmentation assay and flow cytometric analysis. anticancer effect of Momordin against KB cell was induce of apoptotic cell death.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.65-70
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• 2008

Oral spirochetes are anaerobes known as one of causative agents for periodontal diseases. In this study, we investigated the possibility of utilizing fluorescent fatty acids for labeling oral spirochetes. Bacterial labeling was standardized with three different lengths of fluorescent fatty acids: 5-octadecanoylaminfluorescein (OAF), 5-dodecanoylamin-fluorescein (DAF), and 5-hexadecanoylaminfluorescein (HAF). Among these fatty acids, OAF showed the best labeling activity. Treponema denticola ATCC 35405 was totally saturated to the maximum when incubated with OAF $1\;{\mu}g/ml$ for 1 hour. Treponema vincentii LA-1 also increased in fluorescence in proportion to incubation time length and the concentration. In conclusion, these findings showed the possibility that the fluorescent fatty acid can be used for labeling oral spirochetes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nutrition Society Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.269.2-269.2
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• 2003

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.39-45
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• 2005

The present study was performed to investigate whether Achyranthes Radix extracts play roles in the bone metabolism. Three kinds of Achyranthes Radix extracts (methylene chloride (MC), ethylacetate (Ea), and water (W)) were used for bioassay. We examined cellular activities of osteoblasts by measurement of cell proliferation rate, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and calcified nodule formation. Osteoclast generation was assayed by measuring the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) (+) multinucleated cells after culture of osteoclast precursor cells. There was a maximum 20% increase in proliferation rate of osteoblastic cells after treatment with MC. First and second subfraction of MC layer increased proliferation of osteoblast. Ea layer and second subfraction of MC layer increased ALP activity. Also MC layer and second subfraction of MC layer from Achyranthes Radix extracts increased the calcified nodule. MC layer and second subfraction of MC layer from Achyranthes Radix extracts significantly decreased in the number of TRAP (+) multinucleated cells. Taken together, Achyranthes Radix stimulates the proliferation and bioactivities of bone-forming osteoblasts, and inhibits activities of bone-resorbing osteoclasts.