• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.113-118
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• 2007

Treatment of oral cancers with chemotherapeutic agents become evaluated as an effective method to reduce cancer cell proliferation. Anti-proliferative and anti-oral cancer activities of momordin I on oral cancer cells were evaluated in this study. Momordin I was originally purified from a natural product, Ampelopsis radix and showed the antiproliferative activity against oral carcinoma, KB cells. Obtained $IC_{50}$ value was approximately $10.4{\mu}g/ml$. Time-and dose-dependent chromosomal DNA fragmentations were observed in momordin I-treated KB cells. Flow cytometry analysis showed time-dependent apoptotic cell appearance after treatment of momordin I. Approximately 18.6% apoptotic cells were observed at 72 hours after $20{\mu}g/ml$ of momordin I treatment. These observation were consistent with the results obtained in DNA fragmentation analysis. These data suggest that momordin I has anti-proliferative effect and induces cell death in KB cells through apoptosis.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.10-18
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to find out the effects of bisphosphonates (BPs) on the proliferation and the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), and thus state its correlation with bisphosphonate related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ). Methods: hMSCs was obtained by collecting and culturing cancellous bone fragments from a patient undergoing iliac bone graft. Alendronate (Aln) and Pamidronate (Pam), Ibandronate (Ibn) were added to the culture media in the concentration from $10^{-3}$ M to $10^{-11}$ M and cell toxicity, viability were measured. For ALP activity evaluation, Aln and Pam were added to the culture media in the concentration from $5{\times}10^{-7}$ M to $1{\times}10^{-8}$ M and were cultured for 1 week, 2 weeks and 3 weeks. ALP activity data were standardized using protein assay. Control groups were prepared for each examination. Results: Aln, Pam and Ibn all failed to increase the proliferation of hMSCs. With 1 week, 2 weeks of $5{\times}10^{-8}$M of Aln treatment, the ALP activity increased. Pam treatment increased the ALP activity with 2 weeks of $5{\times}10^{-8}$ M and$1{\times}10^{-8}$M. Also Ibn treatment increased the ALP activity with 2 weeks of $5{\times}10^{-8}$ M and $1{\times}10^{-8}$ M. Conclusion: It is considered that BPs are not capable of improving the proliferation of hMSCs. Also, after a transient increase in the ALP activity with the lower concentration of BPs, the activity decreased again. Therefore, in patients on long-term medication of BPs, the proliferation and osteoblast differentiation of hMSCs are restrained, and thus delayed wound healing and increase in BRONJ complications may occur.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.393-405
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• 1996

This study was performed to investigate the effects of changes of head posture and cervical spine shape on the mandibular resting or clenching electromyographic(EMG) activity in anterior temporalis(TA), masseter(MM), sternocleidomastoid muscle(SCM) and trapezius insertion(TI). 30 patients with Temporomandibular Disorders(TMDs) participated in this study. EMG activity($\mu$V) at rest and clenching was observed in four head postures, namely natural head posture(NHP), forward head posture(FHP), upward head posture(UHP), and downward head posture(DHP). For taking in upward or downward head posture head was inclined 10$^{\circ}$ upward or downward and CROM$^\textregistered$(cervical-range-of motion, Performance attainment Inc., USA) was used to maintain same posture during the procedure, and BioEMG$^\textregistered$ (Bioelectromyograph, Bioresearch Inc., USA) was used to record EMG activity in the above four muscles at eight locations on both sides. The recorded EMG activity($\mu\textrm{V}$) were compared and analyzed by cervical spine shape such as the head position from plum line, cervical curvature, and cervical inclination. Head position from plum line was measured in vertical plate calibrated with cm scale, comical curvature by radius was measured with adjustable curved ruler, and cervical inclination by cervical vertebrae tangent(CVT)was measured in lateral cephalograph. The results obtained were as follows : 1. Mean value of head position from plum line, cervical curvature, and cervical inclination were 4.8cm, 26.7cm, and 86.6$^{\circ}$, respectively, And There were no correlationship among these items. 2. For resting EMG activity by head posture, the value in anterior temporalis was higher at FHP than at DHP, the value in masseter was higher at FHP than at NHP, and DHP, the value in sternocleidomastoid muscle was higher at UHP than at NHP, and the value in trapezius insertion was higher at FHP and DHP than, NHP and UHP. The clenching EMG activity, however, did not show any difference by head posture. 3. Comparison of resting and clenching EMG activity between higher and lower groups by head position from plum line, cervical curvature, and cervical inclination did not show any significant difference. From this result, the author concluded that the cervical spine shape had not significantly affected to EMG activity in usual patients with TMDs.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.203-207
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• 2010

A number of bacterial species coexist in oral cavities as a biofilm rather than a planktonic arrangement. By forming an oral biofilm with quorum sensing properties, microorganisms can develop a higher pathogenic potential and stronger resistance to the host immune system and antibiotics. Hence, the inhibition of biofilm formation has become a major research issue for the future prevention and treatment of oral diseases. In this study, we investigated the effects of pentose on biofilm formation and phenotypic changes using wild type oral bacteria obtained from healthy human saliva. D-ribose and D-arabinose were found to inhibit biofilm formation, but have no effects on the growth of each oral bacterium tested. Pentoses may thus be good candidate biofilm inhibitors without growth-inhibition activity and be employed for the future prevention or treatment of oral diseases.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 1996

저수준레이저조사 (low level lser irradiation, LLLI) 가 골형성을 자극한다고 보고되고 있지만 골아세포기능에 있어서 어떠한 역할을 하는지 별로 밝혀진 바가 없다. 본 연구에서는 백서 두 개관 조골세포양 세포(ROB)와 백서 조골세포주(ROS17/2.8)에 대한 저수준레이저의 효과를 조사하기 위하여 세포증식, alkaline phosphatase activity, 석회화 결질형성등을 관찰하였다. 두가지 배양 세포군에 저수준레이저를 조사한 결과 저수준레이저가 alkaline phosphatase activity를 증가시킬 뿐만 아니라 석회화 결절의 형성을 촉진하는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 이러한 결과로 보아 저수준레이저는 조골세포의 기능과 무기질침착을 자극함으로써 골형성을 촉진한다고 추정된다.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.22-27
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• 1998

This study was carried out to develop antitumor agents based on effects of the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the methanolic extract of Lonicerae flos on human oral epitheloid carcinoma cells. Human oral epitheloid carcinoma cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 media containing 10% fetal bovine serum, antibiotic, and fungizone. After incubation for 24 hrs, the cells were treated with A, B, C, D, and E fractions for 48hrs under the same condition. MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazoliumbromide), NR (Neutral red) and SRB (Sulforhodamine B protein) assay were performed. The light microscopic findings were observed by inverted microscope. In MTT assay, fraction B was shown significant antitumor activity (P<0.001), fraction E was shown significant antitumor activities (P<0.05), but the other fractions were not shown. In NR assay, fraction B was shown significant antitumor activity (P<0.001). In SRB assay, fractions B was shown significant antitumor activities (P<0.01). fractions A and D were shown significant antitumor activities (P<0.05). but the other fractions were not shown. In light microscopy. the fraction B of the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the methanolic extract of Lonicerae flos showed the highest antitumor activity. These finding suggested that fraction B possessed the most antitumorous agent.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.27-37
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• 2023

This research was conducted to investigate the comprehensive effects of methanol extract of Coptidis rhizoma (MECR) against oral pathogen. We studied the antibacterial, anti-biofilm, anti-gingipain and anti-inflammatory activity of MECR. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of MECR was 100 ㎍/mL against several oral pathogens. The formation of biofilm of Streptococcus mutans was reduced to 8.93~24.12% in the presence of 25 ㎍/mL of MECR. The gingipain activity of Porphyromonas gingivalis were reduced to 3.91~6.23% in case of Kgp and 5.73~7.78% in case of Rgp in the presence of 10 mg/mL of MECR. The expression of fadA mRNA, virulence factor of Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) was 3 folds decreased in the presence of 25 ㎍/mL of MECR. In case of YD-38 cells challenged with F. nucleatum, RQ values of IL-8 and IL-6 were reduced about 12 folds and 5.45 folds in the presence of 2 ㎍/mL of MECR. In case of RAW 264.7 murine cell challenged with F. nucleatum, RQ values of IL-1β and IL-6 were 2.52 folds and 2.55 folds reduced in the presences of 2 ㎍/mL of MECR. Conclusively, MECR showed potent antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects against oral pathogenic bacteria.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.381-386
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• 2009

We previously showed that the water extracts of rice wine-baked Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (RWBS) ameliorated colonic inflammation more than crude Scutellaria baicalensis (CS) after oral administration. The aim of this study is to compare the effect of rectal and oral administration of RWBS in the experimental colitis. Experimental colitis was induced in mice by daily treatment with 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in the drinking water for 7 days. Water was used as vehicle of oral administration, while Carbopol/PEG mucoadhesive gel was used as vehicle of rectal administration. RWBS and RWBS gel (RWBSG) were administered once per day for 7 days. RWBS and RWBSG significantly attenuated the disease activity index (DAI) calculated as the sum of scores of body weight loss, stool consistency and rectal bleeding. Furthermore, RWBS and RWBSG reduced the mucosal myeloperoxidase activity and COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) expression in colon tissue. Anti-inflammatory effect of CS on colonic inflammation was increased by baking with rice wine in both oral and rectal administration. Moreover, anti-inflammatory effects of oral administration on colonic inflammation was greater than those of rectal administration. Further study would be required for the development of intra-rectal formulation.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.323-330
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• 1995

Ceftezole pivaloyloxymethyl ester(CFZ-PV) was synthesized to improve oral absorption and bioavailability of parent drug by esterification of ceftezole(CFZ) with chloromethyl pivalate. The successful synthesis of CFZ-PV was conformed by spectroscopic analysis. Partition coefficient studies showed that CFZ-PV is more lipophillic than CFZ. The pharmacokinetic characteristics of CFZ-PV and CFZ were compared following oral administrations of these compounds to rabbits. The amount of CFZ in plasma was determined with an HPLC method. The ester compound (prodrug) was not detected in plasma following oral administration of CFZ-PV, and although CFZ-PV had not microbiological activity in vitro, the plasma taken after oral administration of CFZ-PV had microbiological activity. From above observations, it was noted that CFZ-PV is rapidly hydrolyzed to CFZ in the body. And the oral absorption of CFZ-PV was increased by yielding 2-fold bioavailability rather than CFZ. Therefore, CFZ-PV could be a novel prodrug of CFZ which can improve the oral bioavailability of CFZ.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.111-118
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• 2021

Periodontitis and periimplantitis are caused as a result of dental biofilm formation. This biofilm is composed of multiple species of pathogens. Therefore, controlling biofilm formation is critical for disease prevention. To inhibit biofilm formation, sugars can be used to interrupt lectin-involving interactions between bacteria or between bacteria and a host. In this study, we evaluated the effect of D-Arabinose on biofilm formation of putative periodontal pathogens as well as the quorum sensing activity and whole protein profiles of the pathogens. Crystal violet staining, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy revealed that D-Arabinose inhibited biofilm formation of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Tannerella forsythia. D-Arabinose also significantly inhibited the activity of autoinducer 2 of F. nucleatum and the expression of representative bacterial virulence genes. Furthermore, D-Arabinose treatment altered the expression of some bacterial proteins. These results demonstrate that D-Arabinose can be used as an antibiofilm agent for the prevention of periodontal infections.