• Mycobiology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.137-143
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• 2010

The production of conidia of entomopathogenic Beauveria bassiana by solid-state fermentation was studied for the development of a biocontrol agent against aphid Myzus persicae. The optimal conditions for conidia production on polished white rice were 40% moisture content, $25^{\circ}C$ culture temperature, 2-day-old seeding culture grown in 3% corn meal, 2% rice bran, 2% corn steep powder medium, initial conidia concentration of $10^7$ conidia/g in the wet rice, 10% inoculum size, and use of a polyethylene bag as a container. The polyethylene bag containing inoculated rice was hand-shaken every 12 hr during fermentation. Using optimal conditions, the maximum conidia production obtained was 4.05 g conidia/100 g dry rice after 14 days of cultivation, a rate 2.83 times higher than conidia yield of pre-optimization.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.684-689
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• 2003

One field identified by an inverse method is one of multiple candidate solutions those are independently obtained through a specific estimation technique. While averaging of optimized fields can provide a better description of the spatial feature of an unknown field, it deteriorates the flow and transport characteristics of the optimized fields. As a result, the averaged field is not suited for modeling aquifer performances. Based on genetic algorithm, an optimal field synthesis technique is developed, which combines diversely optimized fields into a refined group of fields. Each field in the population is paired, and a sub-region of each field is exchanged by crossover operation to create a group of synthesized fields of enhanced modeling capability. The population of the fields is evolved till the synthesized fields become sufficiently similar. Applications of the optimal field synthesis to synthetic cases indicate that the objective functions of the fields assessing the modeling capabilities are further reduced after the optimal field synthesis. The identified fields from various inverse techniques may yield a range of modeling results under varied flow situations. The uncertainty is narrowed down through the optimal field synthesis and the associated modeling results converge on that of the reference field. The developed inverse modeling facilitates the construction of a reliable simulation model and hence trustworthy predictions of the future performances.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.348-353
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• 2013

Recently, control theory including stochastic optimal control and various machine-learning-based artificial intelligence methods have become major tools in the field of financial engineering. In this paper, we briefly review some recent papers utilizing stochastic optimal control theory in the fields of the pair trading for mean-reverting markets and the trend-following strategy, and consider a couple of strategies utilizing both stochastic optimal control theory and machine learning methods to acquire more flexible and accessible tools. Illustrative simulations show that the considered strategies can yield encouraging results when applied to a set of real financial market data.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.156-162
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• 2009

These experiments were carried out to determine the optimal culture conditions for nine strains of collected Hatakeshimeji, Lyophyllum decastes (Fr.:Fr.) Sing. SPA 202 and SPA 205 strains were selected because mycelium grew fast and showed fine density. All strains showed fast mycelial growth and mycelial density on BC(Burke compost) media for 20 days of incubation. The optimal sawdust species for the mycelial growth were the fermented sawdusts of Quercus aliena and Populus deltoides. Spawn running period on the fermented sawdust substrate required 50 days at 20 to $25^{\circ}C$ and additional 7 days after soil casing. Cultivation period and temperature forprimordia formation and fruitbody development appeared from 10 to 11 days and from 7 to 8 days at 17 to $18^{\circ}C$ respectively. The length of pilei and stipes of SPA 202 harvested in optimal stage showed 60mm and 67mm, respectively. Yield of SPA 202 strain grown on fermented sawdust substrate was 130g per 1,100ml in bottle cultivation. The length of pilei and stipes of SPA 205harvested in optimal stage showed 51mm and 81mm, respectively. Yield of SPA 205 strain grown on fermented sawdust substrate was 129g per 1,100 ml in bottle cultivation. SPA 202 strain and SPA 205 strain in artificial bottle cultivation of Lyophyllum decastes used in fermented sawdust substrate were selected as themost appropriate strain in yield.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.375-387
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• 2019

The use of drone-based hyperspectral image offers considerable advantages in high resolution remote sensing applications. The primary objective of this study was to select the optimal bands based on hyperspectral image for the estimation yield of the chinese cabbage. The hyperspectral narrow bands were acquired over 403.36 to 995.19 nm using a 3.97 nm wide, 150 bands, drone-based hyperspectral imaging sensor. Fresh weight data were obtained from 2,031 sample for each field survey. Normalized difference vegetation indices were computed using red, red-edge and near-infrared bands and their relationship with quantitative each fresh weights were established and compared. As a result, predominant proportion of fresh weights are best estimated using data from three narrow bands, in order of importance, centered around 697.29 nm (red band), 717.15 nm (red-edge band) and 808.51 nm (near-infrared band). The study determined three spectral bands that provide optimal chinese cabbage productivity in the visible and near-infrared portion of the spectrum.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.799-807
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• 2004

The objective of this field experiment was to investigate the growth, hay yield and chemical composition of cassava and stylo 184 grown under intercropping. The experiment was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block (RCB) design with 5 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were: sole crop cassava (C); sole crop stylo 184 (S) and three intercropping treatments comprising an additive series of one (SC), two (SSC) and three (SSSC) rows of stylo 184 to one row of cassava. The results showed that leaf area per plant (LA) of cassava was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the sole crop relative to the intercropping treatments. Both total hay yield and CPDM yield were significantly higher (p<0.05) for C treatment and lower (p<0.05) for SSSC treatment. The total hay yield and CPDM yield were significantly greater (p<0.05) in the sole crop relative to the intercropping treatments. At the first and second harvests, CP content was similar among treatments; while at third and fourth harvests, CP contents were significantly greater (p<0.05) for the intercropping treatment relative to the sole crop. At the first and second harvest, NDF contents were significantly greater (p<0.05) in the sole crop relative to the intercropping treatments, whereas NDF contents were similar among intercropping treatments. Leaf area of stylo 184 at first and second harvest were significantly greater (p<0.05) for C, SC and SSC as compared with the SSSC treatments. At each harvesting, there were no significant differences in ash, CP, NDF, ADF and ADL contents of stylo 184 hay between the sole crop and intercropping treatments, except for the first harvest. ADF contents were significantly greater (p<0.05) in S, SC treatments relative to SSC and SSSC treatments. Both collective hay yield and CPDM yield of cassava and stylo 184 were significantly greater (p<0.05) for the SSC treatment and significantly lower (p<0.05) for the S treatment. Collective hay yield and CPDM yield were significantly greater (p<0.05) for the intercropping treatments relative to the sole crop. Based on this research, it was concluded that stylo 184 showed potential for intercropping with cassava. Intercropping cassava with stylo 184 has beneficial effects and can improve foliage biomass yield and soil fertility, which would be a more sustainable system than growing the cassava as a pure stand. In terms of hay yield and CP production, two rows of stylo 184 to one row of cassava could be the optimal pattern for this intercropping system.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.662-669
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• 2011

An experiment was conducted with broiler (Cobb 400) male chicks (n = 480) to determine the effect of betaine (Bet) supplementation (0 and 800 mg/kg) to diets containing five concentrations (15, 18, 20, 22 and 24 g/kg crude protein, CP) of methionine (Met) in a $2{\times}5$ factorial study for performance, carcass traits, immune responses, and serum parameters. Each diet was fed ad libitum from 1 to 42 d of age to 8 replicates of 6 chicks. Birds were housed in battery brooders placed in an open-sided poultry shed. Body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion efficiency and slaughter variables were recorded at 21 and 42 d of age. Serum biochemical profile, antibody production against Newcastle disease (ND) and lymphocyte proliferation ratio (LPR) were analysed at 42 d of age. Supplementing Bet to diets containing sub-optimal concentrations of Met (15 g/kg) improved weight gain and breast yield at 21 d of age (p<0.01), and feed conversion efficiency at 42 d of age (p<0.05). Feed efficiency at 21 d of age, body weight gain at 42 d of age, slaughter variables except breast yield at 21 d of age and ND antibody titres were not affected (p>0.05) by the interaction. LPR increased (p<0.05) with Bet supplementation at 20 g Met/kg CP equal to those broilers fed 24 g Met without Bet. Bet supplementation enhanced the concentrations of protein, globulin and cholesterol in serum of broilers fed sub-optimal concentrations of Met. Results suggested that Bet supplementation (800 mg/kg diet) enhanced growth (21 d), feed conversion efficiency (42 d), breast yield and lymphocyte proliferation in broilers fed a diet containing 15 g Met/kg CP.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.328-331
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• 2000

Maize (Zea mays L. cv. kosungjaerae and cv. youngwoljaerae) seeds were irradiated with the dose of $0.5{\sim}20$ Gy by $^{60}Co\;{\gamma}-ray$ radiation to investigate the effect of the low dose ${\gamma}-ray$ radiation on the germination rate, early growth and yield. The low dose radiation was able to improve the germination rate and early growth in maize, but the optimal radiation doses were different depended on kinds of cultivars. High stimulatory effect in early growth of maize was observed in 2 Gy irradiation group of kosungjaerae cultivar and in 12 Gy irradiation group of youngwoljaerae cultivar. The optimal radiation dose for the enhancement of yield and yield components in maize was 8 Gy in kosungjaerae cultivar and $4{\sim}12$ Gy in youngwoljaerae cultivar.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.240-245
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• 1995

This study was conducted to find out environment conditions in order to increase of growth and yield of tuberlets in pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit. The optimal temperature conditions for the growth of tuberlets were good rather temperature fluctuations than constant one and the optimal photoperiod was a 6hr-photoperiod. The growth of tuberlets to the kinds and concentration of growth regulators was good for 0. lppm 2.4- D, 10ppm kinetin and 50ppm gibberellin treatment. In colchicine soaking treatment, the growth of tuberlets was bad, but bulblets formation was good for 0. 05% colchicine treatment for 48hr. -soaking. In colchicine dropping treatment, dry tuber yield was good for 0. 1% colchicine treatment with once dropping for one day.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.78-84
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to optimize the solid state cultivation of Monascus ruber on sterile rice. A single-level-multiple-factor and a single-factor-multiple-level experimental design were employed to determine the optimal medium constituents and to optimize carbon and nitrogen source concentrations for lovastatin production. Simultaneous quantitative analyses of the ${\beta}$-hydroxyacid form and ${\beta}$-hydroxylactone for of lovastatin were performed by the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with a UV photodiode-array (PDA) detector. The total lovastatin yield ($4{\sim}6\;mg/g$, average of five repeats) was achieved by adding soybean powder, glycerol, sodium nitrate, and acetic acid at optimized levels after 14 days of fermentation. The maximal yield of lovastatin under the optimal composition of the medium increased by almost 2 times the yield observed prior to optimization. The experimental results also indicated that the ${\beta}$-hydroxylactone form of lovastatin (LFL) and the ${\beta}$-hydroxyacid form of lovastatin (AFL) simultaneously existed in solid state cultures of Monascus ruber. while the latter was the dominant form in the middle-late stage of continued fermentation. These results indicate that optimized culture conditions can be used for industrial production of lovastatin to obtain high yields.