• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.122-131
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• 2023

Persimmon peels are mostly discared as a by-product of dried persimmon manufacturing, but effective use is required as it contains various functional constituents. This study covers the preparation of carotenoid-enriched oil by ultrasound treatment of persimmon peel in soybean oil solvent, and the investigation of its physicochemical characteristics. Using the Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology, the optimal extraction conditions (temperature, 62℃; time, 32 min; and persimmon peel to oil ratio, 1:3.1) were determined based on the carotenoid concentration of the extract. The physicochemical characteristics of the extract obtained under optimal conditions and the untreated soybean oil (control) were compared. The total carotenoid content of the extract increased. The carotenoid-enriched soybean oils had a lighter color than the controls, but with high redness and yellowness values. The effect of sonication and a component of the persimmon peel on the oxidation and heating stability of soybean oil was weak. The viscosity and activation energy of carotenoid-enriched soybean oil were slightly higher than those of the control. Thus, it was possible to prepare yellow-red carotenoid-enriched soybean oil by applying ultrasonic-soybean oil solvent extraction to persimmon peel. The oil is expected to be useful as an additive as well as a substitute for general edible oils.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.627-635
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• 2010

This study was performed to determine the optimal manufacturing conditions of cookies prepared with Hizikia fusiformis. The variables in Hizikia fusiformis cookies production were the amounts of Hizikia fusiformis powder, butter, and sugar. Six sensory characteristics were used for sensory evaluations, including color, appearance, taste, brittleness, hardness, and overall acceptability. The optimal amounts of the three variables were found to be 6.00 g for Hizikia fusiformis powder, 100.00 g for butter, and 70.00 g for sugar against flour powder 200 g, which satisfies a target sensory score (7.0/9.0) according to the response surface method. Cookies with these optimal amounts of Hizikia fusiformis powder, butter, and sugar were tasted by 114 consumers and showed a high acceptability score (7.21). Females preferred the flavor of Hizikia fusiformis significantly more than males did (p<0.05). Older consumers (${\geq}30$ years old) scored significantly higher than younger consumers (${\leq}29$ years old) in texture (p<0.05). Spread ratio and hardness scores of Hizikia fusiformis cookies were lower than those of control cookies. Color analysis results of Hizikia fusiformis cookies were significantly lower in brightness and redness, and higher in yellowness than control cookies (p<0.01).

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 2016

End milling process is one of the broadly used manufacturing process for precision machined parts and products. Machining performance is often limited by chatter vibration at the tool-workpiece interface. Chatter vibration is a type of machining self-excited vibration which originated from the variation in cutting forces and the flexibility of the machine tool structure. Even though lots of cutting tooling methods are developed and used in machining process, precise analysis of cutting tooling effect in view of chatter vibration behavior. This study presents numerical and experimental approaches to verify and effects of various cutting parameters to affect to chatter vibration stability. Acquired knowledge from this study will apply the optimal cutting conditions to improve a machining process.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.107-115
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• 2016

The passenger who use airport spend a lot of time in check-in. They are also delayed in their readiness for departure. Therefore, for decrease in time that is waiting time for handling luggage, recently many airports are expanding self-service. Also internal development and manufacturing for production automation system and IT technology are world-class. So, for localization of self bag drop (SBD) system, I think that application this system in domestic technique and constructing competitive in customer reception system will be efficient airport management. To this end, for looking for optimal conditions when passengers use SBD, this thesis include development simulation of relevance to system. Also this thesis secures information for passenger's in foreign country airport and simulate this data. Finally, that analysis the best management passenger system when the passenger use SDB.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.309-316
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• 2011

Canoes are usually made from wood or FRP. However, today environment-friendly materials are preferred, and hulls made of FRP are prohibited in some countries. Polyethylene can be recycled and so is suitable for synthetic canoe construction. We used 3D Boat-Design to determine the hydrostatic properties of the canoe. Flow-structure coupled analysis was performed using ANSYS Workbench R12.1. The hull pressure and passenger weight were considered as canoe loading factors. The key parameters for the canoe are the design variables. The constraints are as follows: (1) The maximum stress must not exceed 50% of the polyethylene yield stress; and (2) the canoe weight must not exceed 50 kg. The optimal structural conditions were obtained by the response optimization process. The components of the canoe hull were manufactured from polyethylene pipes and joined by thermal fusion methods. Tests showed that the polyethylene canoe had better performance than existing canoes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.65-66
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• 2010

To improve the gear noise quality, gear tooth grinding machine are widely used in automotive industry. While using the gear profile grinding machine to improve the gear tooth quality of the transmission, several defects such as chattering, tooth waves that cause the gear noise occasionally happened. But it is very difficult to solve that problem, because there is no one who knows the setting up the optimal grinding condition appropriately. The abnormal manufacturing conditions which make the gear noise make the engineer to spend a lot of time, effort, and money. Due to demands for solving the serious abnormal gear noise happened in the new FF 6th stage automatic transmission in the mass product stage, the vibration checking process in the worm wheel axis, work rotation and fixed axis of the grinding machine were adapted to find the root causes. As a result, gear profile wave are affected by the work rotation axis's unbalance which is caused by worm wheel feeding speed. And a primary and the secondary grinding feeding speed, cutting oil, work fixed forces are also proved as the important factors. After setting up the grinding condition reported in this paper, it was adapted successfully to the grinding machine to manufacture the new FF 6th speed automatic transmissions' output gear. The gear noise was dramatically disappeared and the process and results will offer good guides to the engineers who manufacture the gear with the grinding machine.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.523-539
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• 2017

Clay soils are typical for their swelling properties upon absorption of water during rains and development of cracks during summer time owing to the profile desorption of water through the inter-connected soil pores by water vapour diffusion leading to evaporation. This type of unstable soil phenomenon by and large poses a serious threat to the strength and stability of structures when rest on such type of soils. Even as lime and cement are extensively used for stabilization of clay soils it has become imperative to find relatively cheaper alternative materials to bring out the desired properties within the clay soil domain. In the present era of catastrophic environmental degradation as a side effect to modernized manufacturing processes, industrialization and urbanization the creative idea would be treating the waste products in a beneficial way for reuse and recycling. Bottom ash and ecosand are construed as a waste product from cement industry. An optimal combination of bottom ash-eco sand can be thought of as a viable alternative to stabilize the clay soils by means of an effective dispersion dynamics associated with the inter connected network of pore spaces. A CATIA model was created and imported to ANSYS Fluent to study the dispersion dynamics. Ion migration from the bottom ash-ecosand pile was facilitated through natural formation of cracks in clay soil subjected to atmospheric conditions. Treated samples collected at different curing days from inner and outer zones at different depths were tested for, plasticity index, Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS), free swell index, water content, Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), pH and ion concentration to show the effectiveness of the method in improving the clay soil.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1100-1108
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• 2009

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from various fruits and vegetables were screened in order to determine appropriate fermentation starters for manufacturing functional fermented onion juice. From the initial screening test comprising more than 700 isolated LAB, 16 isolates were selected based on their acid production rate. Among the selected isolates, the fermentation broth of KC-007 exhibited the highest electron donating and nitrite scavenging activities, with values at pH 1.2 of 95.6 and 68.7%, respectively. From the overall results obtained in this study, we finally selected the bacterium KC-007 as a fermentation starter. This bacterium was identified and named as Pediococcus pentosaceus based on its morphological and physiological characteristics, carbon-utilization pattern (as assessed using an API 50CHL kit), and molecular genetic characteristics (as assessed using the nucleotide sequence of the 16S rRNA gene). The optimal temperature, pH, and starter inoculation concentration (v/v) required for growth of the isolated strain were $40^{\circ}C$, pH 4.0-6.0, and 2%(v/v), respectively.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.189-193
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• 2002

This study was conducted to evaluate the quality and the quantity for manufacturing vinegar powder using spray drying. The $\beta$-cyclodextrin(CD) and gum arabic(GA) were used as well materials and the mixing ratio of CD and GA was ranged from 10:0 to 0:10. The moisture content of the vinegar powder of 2.5 of CD and 7.5 of GA was lowest among the other mixing ratios. At this proportion, the titratable acidity was highest as it had much included vinegar. The heat stability was not varied much with mixing ratio. However the stability of heat was maintained. Further the water absorption of powder was comparatively low. The manufactured powder vinegar shape was smooth round particles and stable structure by SEM and the particle size was small enough to form capsulation. In sensory evaluation, under these conditions the sourness was highest at 3.5. Therefore, the optimal mixing ratio at 2.5 of CD and 7.5 of GA in wall material was selected.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.45-50
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• 2008

In this work, stainless steel mesh-supported activated carbons were prepared using phenolic resin and cellulose fiber. $ZnCl_2$ was used as a activation reagent in this work. $ZnCl_2$-chemical activation method has been proposed to produce highly porous activated carbons. The objectives of this work were to develop an optimal condition for manufacturing activated carbon assemblies screen from stainless steel mesh and phenolic resin. The iodine number was more increased over activation temperature of $450^{\circ}C$. Iodine number was 657 mg/g at activation temperature of $550^{\circ}C$, penolic resin concentration 20% and $ZnCl_2$ concentration 15%. Iodine number was 1359.4 mg/g when 10% cellulose added to these conditions.