• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.420-427
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• 2017

'Pungwonmi', a new sweetpotato variety, was developed for table use by Bioenergy Crop Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), RDA in 2014. This variety was derived from the cross between 'Benisatsuma' and 'Luby3074' in 2006. The seedling and line selections were performed from 2007 to 2009, and preliminary and advanced yield trials were carried out from 2010 to 2011. The regional yield trials were conducted at five locations from 2012 to 2014, and it was named as 'Pungwonmi'. This variety has cordate leaf shape, and its leaves, stems, nodes, and petioles are green. Storage root of 'Pungwonmi' has an elliptical shape, red skin, and light orange flesh. 'Pungwonmi' was moderately resistant to fusarium wilt, and resistant to root-knot nematode. Dry matter content was 31.2%, and texture of steamed storage root was intermediate. Total sugar content of raw and steamed storage roots of 'Pungwonmi' was higher than that of 'Yulmi'. ${\beta}$-carotene content of 'Pungwonmi' was 9.1 mg/100g DW. Yield of marketable storage root over 50 g of 'Pungwonmi' was 24.3 MT/ha under the early season culture, which was 46% higher than that of 'Yulmi'. The number of marketable storage roots per plant was 2.8 and the average weight of marketable storage root was 156 g under the optimal and late season culture. Marketable storage root yield of 'Pungwonmi' was 24.1 MT/ha under the optimum and late season culture, which was 26% higher than that of 'Yulmi'. (Registration No. 6428).

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.476-484
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• 2024

Although two-dimensional (2D) monolayer cell culture models are still widely used as the optimal models for anticancer activity research, three-dimensional (3D) multicellular tumor spheroid (3D MTS) models that can better approximate the tumor environment can offer an alternative to bridge the gap between in vitro and animal model studies. Isoalantolactone is among the sesquiterpene lactones found in medicinal plants, including the roots of Elecampane (Inula helenium L.), and is known to have various pharmacological activities, including anticancer activity. In this study, we investigated whether the anticancer activity of isoalantolactone observed in 2D models could be reproduced in a 3D MTS model derived from human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) Hep3B cells. According to our results, isoalantolactone inhibited the formation of MTSs in a manner dependent on the treatment concentration, which was accompanied by an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. In particular, as isoalantolactone treatment and the culture time increased, the area of proliferating cells was replaced by cells in which apoptosis was induced. Additionally, in MTSs, isoalantolactone increased the expression of death-receptor-related proteins and the activity of caspase-3, and it decreased the expression of the Bax/Bcl-2 expression ratio and total poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. However, when the production of ROS was artificially blocked, all these changes caused by isoalantolactone were attenuated and the cell survival rate of MTS cells was restored. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that the induction of apoptosis in Hep3B cell-derived MTSs by isoalantolactone is achieved through the activation of extrinsic and intrinsic pathways and is ROS-dependent.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.395-406
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• 2000

The present study was conducted to examine the developmental capacity of mouse oocytes within prenatal follicles cultured various concentrations of FSH and LH and the expression of cytochrome P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) and cytochrome P450 17 $\alpha$ -hydroxylase (P450)$_{17{\alpha}}$ mRNA, as luteinization and atretic marker, in these culture conditions. In addition, we investigated the concentrations of progesterone and testosterone in culture medium. The developmental potential up to blastocyst of the oocytes grown in vitro was higher in the FSH alone (30.2%) and 10 $m\ell$U/$m\ell$ LH and 100 $m\ell$U/$m\ell$ FSH treated (28.0%) groups than in the 100 $m\ell$U/$m\ell$ LH and 100 $m\ell$U/$m\ell$ FSH treated group (22.0%). And the mean numbers of cell per blastocyst was higher in the FSH alone (50.9$\pm$26.1) and 10 $m\ell$U/$m\ell$ LH and 100 $m\ell$U/$m\ell$ FSH treated (51.0$\pm$21.1) groups when compared to the 100 $m\ell$U/$m\ell$ LH and 100 $m\ell$U/$m\ell$ FSH treated group (45.2$\pm$15.1). The expressions of P450scc and P450$_{17{\alpha}}$ mRNA in the oocyte -cumulus complexes were increased with increasing of LH concentration, and also the secretions of progesterone and testosterone were increased. Especially, in the 100 $m\ell$U/$m\ell$ LH and 100 $m\ell$U/$m\ell$ FSH treated group, the expression of P450scc and P450$_{17{\alpha}}$ were significantly increased, and the secretion of progesterone and testosterone were significantly increased. Therefore, these data show that gonadotrophins are essential for the in vitro culture of preantral follicles, but that increasing of LH concentration is reduced the developmental capacity of oocytes. The cause of these findings may be due to increasing of progesterone and testosterone secretion by the enhance of P450scc and P450$_{17{\alpha}}$ mRNA expressions, as markers of luteinization and atresia. Conclusively, this study suggest that supplementation of 100 $m\ell$U/$m\ell$ FSH or 10 $m\ell$U/$m\ell$ LH and 100 $m\ell$U/$m\ell$ FSH may be optimal condition for the culture of mouse pre antral follicles.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.25 no.2 s.81
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• pp.133-142
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• 1997

The chemical media composition and culture conditions were optimized for mycelial growth of Phellinus igniarius 26005. The method of solid-state fermentation, cultivation of basidiomycetal strains in various grains, was developed. Media composition for optimal growth of Phellinus igniarius 26005 was made of 7.0% malt extract, 0.3% bacto soytone, and 0.2% yeast extract. The optimum condition for mycelial growth was $28^{\circ}C$ and pH 7.0, respectively. For the mass cultivation of mycelia, the hydrated grains with cold water, were put into the plastic bottle. The mycelial growth rate in the bottled grains was high in the early stage with inoculation of homogenized mycelium. The activity of mycelium was maintained by adding sterilized water in the middle of cultivation. The glucosamine content which determins the mycelial growth rate in solid material was in the order of job's tears>barley>black soybean>wheat>malt soybean>brown rice>sorghum>glutinous rice.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.301-310
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• 1997

Diabetes mellitus is associated with a wide range of pathophysiological in the kidney. This study was designed to examine the effects of high glucose concentration on IGF-I binding and glucose transporters in renal proximal tubule cells. The results were as follows : The binding of $^{125}I-IGF-I$ reached the peak at the 30 minutes and gradually decreased by the time dependent manner. The binding of $^{125}I-IGF-I$ was inhibited by the unlabelled IGF-I($10^{-14}{\sim}10^{-8}M$) in a concentration dependent manner. The relative affinity of IGF-I receptor for IGF-I, IGF-II and insulin exhibited typical type 1 binding(IGF-I > insulin > IGF-II). However IGF-II did not compete for the cultured cell membrane $^{125}I-IGF-I$ binding site at $10^{-14}{\sim}10^{-8}M$. Under optimal conditions, IGF-I binding to the membranes from 5mM and 20mM glucose treated cells was analyzed. It was found that 20mM glucose treated cells exhibited higher binding activity for IGF-I. In order to further substantiate this increase in IGF-I binding sites, we performed affinity-labelling studies. The cross-linked cell membrane subjected to SDS-PAGE; labelled material was detected by autoradiography. 20mM glucose treated cells exhibited higher levels. The initial rate of $methyl-{\alpha}-D-glucopyranoside({\alpha}-MG)$ uptake was significantly lower($74.41{\pm}6.71%$) in monolayers treated with 20mM glucose than those of 5mM glucose. However, 3-O-methyl-D-glucose(3-O-MG) uptake was not affected by glucose concentration in culture media. IGF-I significantly increased ${\alpha}-MG$ uptake in both 5mM and 20mM glucose treated cells. However, 3-O-MG uptake was not affected by IGF-I in both conditions. In conclusion, 20mM glucose increased binding sites of $^{125}I-IGF-I$, inhibited Na/glucose cotransporter activity. But 20mM glucose did not change facilitated glucose transporter.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 2014

The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of trehalose as a cryoprotectant for porcine freeze-dried spermatozoa, to find the optimal freeze-drying time and storage periods of freeze-dried spermatozoa, and to find out pronuclear formation rates, cleaved rates, and embryo development through intracytoplasmic injection of freeze-dried spermatozoa on porcine oocytes. The survival rates of spermatozoa after freeze-drying with trehalose treatment were significantly higher than those of them without trehalose treatment (p<0.05). The highest survival rates were found at 75 mM trehalose treatment. The longer storage periods after freeze-drying seemed to have a lower survival rates. Development in culture of pig by ICSI with trehalose treatment were significantly higher than those of them without trehalose treatment (p<0.05). Shorter freeze-drying time of spermatozoa was resulted in the highest cleaved rates and embryo development.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.818-826
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• 2013

To reduce the production cost of Lactobacillus, discarded red ginseng starch was collected from a factory of red ginseng extract in order to develop the Lactobacillus culture medium. According to the analysis of the gensenoside composition of red ginseng starch, the total gensenoside content of starch was 2.73 mg/g, and the gensenoside $Rb_1$, $Rb_2$ and $Rg_3$ contents were 0.1, 0.29 and 0.52 mg/g, respectively. For the preparation of the liquid media, red ginseng starch was added at rates of 0, 5, 10 and 20%. Further, Lactobacillus plantarum 15357 and Leuconostoc mesenteroides sub sp. strains were then inoculated to these prepared broths. With the red ginseng starch medium, the growth rates ($1.42{\times}10^7$ and $2.96{\times}10^{10}$ CFU/mL) and the final cell concentrations were higher than the MM medium ($1.0{\times}10^7$ CFU/mL). The optimal concentration of red ginseng starch and yeast extract as a medium were 20% and 10 g/L, respectively. Under these conditions, the cell mass of L. plantarum 15357 and L. mesenteroides sub sp. reached $5.11{\times}10^{10}$ and $8.17{\times}10^{10}$ CFU/mL. These results show a great possibility for the utilization of red ginseng starch as economic medium sources in the production of cell mass of lactic acid bacteria. This is the first trial of development of economic LAB growth medium using discarded red ginseng starch.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.195-201
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• 2017

The entomopathogenic fungus Zoophthora radicans (Entomophthorales: Entomophthoraceae) was found to infect Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, Plutella xylostella, Myzus persicae and one unidentifed species. Samples of the fungus were collected from three areas (Jinan, Gimje, and Iksan) in Jeollabuk-do, Korea. Infected insects appeared in July and September, during which time population infection rate of Z. radicans on C. medinalis reached up to 46%. Zoophthora radicans hyphal bodies are rod-like to hyphoid, and primary conidia are bullet-shaped to long ovoid. The fungus was isolated from the surfaces of larvae and cultured in Sabouraud dextrose agar with yeast extract (SDAY). The optimal temperature range for mycelial growth was $20{\sim}28^{\circ}C$. Mycelium growth on SDAY supplemented with egg yolk and milk (SDAY-EM) was higher than on SDAY alone. Zoophthora radicans may play an important role in controlling insect population density using naturally induced epizootics.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.56-70
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• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate the structural characteristics of kraft lignin and the wood degrading characteristics, the productivity of ligninolytic enzymes and the enzymatic degradation of kraft lignin by white-rot fungi. To purify kraft lignin, precipitation of kraft pulping black liquors of pitch pine meal was done by titration with lN $H_{2}SO_{4}$ reaching to pH 2, and isolation of the precipitates done by centrifugation. The isolated precipitates from pitch pine were redissloved in lN NaOH, reprecipitated by titration with lN $H_{2}SO_{4}$, washed with deionized water, and kept ofr analysis after freeze drying. Fractionation of the precipitates in solution by successive extraction with $CH_{2}Cl_{2}$ and MeOH, and the fractionates were named SwKL, SwKL I, SwKL II, and SwKL III for pitch pine kraft lignin. The more molecular weights of kraft lignin increased, the less phenolic hydroxyl groups and the more aliphatic hydroxyl groups. Because as the molecular weights increased, the ratio of etherified guaiayl/syringyl(G/S ratio) and the percentage were increased. The spectra obtained by 13C NMR and FTIR assigned by comparing the chemical shifts of various signals with shifts of signals from autherized ones reported. The optimal growth temperature and pH of white-rot fungi in medium were $28^{\circ}C$ and 4.5-5.0, respectively. Especially, in temperature and pH range, and mycelial growth, the best white-rot fungus selected was Phanerochaete chrysosporium for biodegradation. For the degradation pathways, the ligninolytic fungus jcultivated with stationary culture using medium of 1% kraft lignin as a substrate for 3 weeks at $28^{\circ}C$. The weight loss of pitch pine kraft lignin was 15.8%. The degraded products extracted successively methoanol, 90% dioxane and diethyl ether. The ether solubles were analyzed by HPLC. Kraft lignin degradation was initiated in $\beta$-O-4 bonds of lignin by the laccase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium and the degraded compounds were produced from the cleavage of $C\alpha$-$C\beta$ linkages at the side chains by oxidation process. After $C\alpha$-$C\beta$ cleavage, $C\alpha$-Carbon was oxidized and changed into aldehyde and acidic compounds such as syringic acid, syringic aldehyde and vanilline. And the other compound as quinonemethide, coumarin, was analyzed. The structural characteristics of kraft lignin were composed of guaiacyl group substituted functional OHs, methoxyl, and carbonyl at C-3, -4, and -5 and these groups were combinated with $\alpha$ aryl ether, $\beta$ aryl ether and biphenyl. Kraft lignin degradation pathways by Phanerochaete chrysosporium were initially accomplished cleavage of $C\alpha$-$C\beta$ linkages and $C\alpha$ oxidation at the propyl side chains and finally cleavage of aromatic ring and oxidation of OHs.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.453-459
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• 2016

Agarases are classified into α-agarase and β-agarase that produce agarooligosaccharides and neoagarooligosaccharides, respectively. Neoagarooligosaccharides have whitening effect of skin, delay of starch degradation, and inhibition of bacterial growth etc. Hence, the object of this study was to isolate a novel agarase producing marine bacterium and characterization of its β-agarase. A novel agar-degrading bacterium was isolated from seashore of Namhae at Gyeongnamprovine, Korea and purely cultured with Marine agar 2216 media. The isolated bacterium was identified as Simiduia sp. SH-4 after 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The enzymatic sample was obtained from culture media of Simiduia sp. SH-4. Enzymatic activity was highly increased from 20(30% relative activity) to 30℃ (100%) and decreased from 30 to 40℃(75%) and so more. Relative activity was 100% at pH 6 while those were about 91% and 59% at pH 5.0 and 7.0, respectively, meaning the enzyme possesses narrow optimal pH range. Hence, the enzyme exhibited the maximal activity with 120.4 units/l at pH 6.0 and 30℃ in 20 mM Tris-HCl buffer. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis showed that Simiduia sp. SH-4 produces β-agarase, which hydrolyze agarose to produce biofunctional neoagarooligosaccharides such as neoagarotetraose and neoagarobiose. Hence, broad applications would be possible using Simiduia sp. SH-4 and its enzyme in the food industry, cosmetics and medical fields.