• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.53-57
• /
• 2019

In this study, we prepared sputtering cathode for large sputtering thin film in the facing targets sputtering(FTS) system. Before fabrication of cathode equipment, we investigated optimal magnetic flux in the sputtering cathode by using magnetic field stimulation(Comsol). According to the result of magnetic field stimulation, we manufactured the cathode. After we mounted laboratory-designed cathode on FTS system, the discharge properties were observed in vacuum condition. In addition, ITO films were deposited on glass substrate and their electrical and optical properties were investigated by various measurements (four-point probe, UV-VIS spectrometer, field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM), Hall-effect measurement).

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2010.06a
• /
• pp.51-51
• /
• 2010

We have proposed a new configuration for the improvement of neutron yield without the application of external ion sources in an inertial electrostatic confinement (IEC) device. The application of a double grid cathode to the IEC device is expected to generate a higher ion current than a single grid cathode. This paper verifies the effect of the double grid cathode by both fluid and particle simulation. Through the fluid simulation the optimal shape and applied voltage of the double grid cathode is determined, and through the particle simulation the usefulness of that is confirmed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.381-387
• /
• 2008

Neutron production rate in spherically convergent beam fusion(SCBF) device as a portable neutron source strongly depends on the ion current and the grid cathode structure. In this paper, as the process of design and analysis, Design of Experiment(DOE) based on the results by Finite Element Method-Flux Corrected Transport(FEM-FCT) method is employed to calculate the ion current. This method is very useful to find optimal design conditions in a short time. Number of rings, radius of rings, and distance between the grid cathode and center are selected as control factors. From the results in the optimized model, the higher ion current is calculated and deeper potential well is also observed.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
• /
• v.57 no.1
• /
• pp.78-81
• /
• 2008

A hollow cathode which has extremely stable discharge characteristic has been developed. This is composed of the two separated lanthanum hexaboride(LaB6) of a disk type in the tube as the electron emitters. The way of design is of great advantage to extend the surface discharge area of the LaB6, which is also useful for optimal fixing of the LaB6. The hollow cathode is capable of producing 30 kW(100 V, 300 A) of power continuously. Because the generated plasma beam with the high temperature(above $3000^{\circ}C$) from the hollow cathode passes through the center hole of the two intermediate electrodes, it is designed with the high temperature material of the tungsten and the suitable structure of the water cooling. The combinations of the hollow cathode and the two intermediate electrodes are practically useful for the ion plating plasma beam source.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
• /
• v.10 no.6
• /
• pp.618-625
• /
• 2005

This paper has achieved that an optimal design and experiments of heater and cathode of electron gun that serve to embody high current density in CRT display. For the high brightness, high resolution and larger size in CRT display, high current density of electron gun is indispensible. An Impregnation style cathode is used, and must heighten operating temperature of heater to get high current density for this, it is proportional hereupon and power dissipation increases. In this paper, to get low power cathode with high current density, There are produced and tested sample that differ lead type of heater, coating method, the pitch and number of winding of the first and second coiling in the heat emission area for the low power design of high current density cathode heater in this paper.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2009.06a
• /
• pp.319-322
• /
• 2009

This paper investigated environmental effects for passive, air-breathing, and vapor-feeding direct methanol fuel cells. In these experiments, experimental parameters are temperature($30^{\circ}C$, $40^{\circ}C$ and relative humidity(25%, 50%, 75%). From these experimental results, the water contents play a key role in terms of optimal ionic conductivity at the cathode catalyst layer. In case of pure methanol feeding, the performance is inversely proportional to the relative humidity. The water generation resulting from methanol crossover maintains ionic conductivity at the cathode. On the contrary, diluted methanol solution (50wt.%) lowers methanol crossover to the cathode. In order to increase ionic conductivity, the relatively high humidity is required to the cathode catalyst layer for the water generation. The relative humidity scales with the performance.

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.145-150
• /
• 2013

Optimal preparation guidelines of a cathode catalyst layer by non-precious metal catalysts were evaluated based on electrochemical performance in single-chamber microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Experiments for catalyst loading rate revealed that iron(II) phthalocyanine (FePc) can be a promising alternative, comparable to platinum (Pt) and cobalt tetramethoxyphenylporphyrin (CoTMPP), including effects of substrate concentration. Results showed that using an optimal FePc loading of $1mg/cm^2$ was equivalent to a Pt loading of $0.35mg/cm^2$ on the basis of maximum power density. Given higher loading rates or substrate concentrations, FePc proved to be a better alternative for Pt than CoTMPP. Under the optimal loading rate, it was further revealed that 40 wt% of FePc to carbon support allowed for the best power generation. These results suggest that proper control of the non-precious metal catalyst layer and substrate concentration are highly interrelated, and reveal how those combinations promote the economic power generation of single-chamber MFCs.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
• /
• v.56 no.4
• /
• pp.259-264
• /
• 2023

As the demand for lithium-ion batteries, a key power source in electric vehicles and energy storage systems, continues to increase for achieving global carbon neutrality, there is a growing concern about the environmental impact of disposing of spent batteries. Extensive research is underway to develop efficient recycling methods. While hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgy methods are commonly used to recover valuable metals from spent cathode materials, they have drawbacks including hazardous waste and complex processes. Hence, alternative recycling methods that are environmentally friendly are being explored. However, recycling spent cathode materials still remains complex and energy-intensive. This study focuses on a novel approach called solid-state synthesis, which aims at regenerating the performance of spent cathode materials. The method offers a simpler process and reduces energy consumption. Optimal heat treatment conditions were identified based on experimental results, contributing to the development of sustainable recycling technologies for lithium-ion batteries.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2007.11a
• /
• pp.192-193
• /
• 2007

A hollow cathode which has extremely stable discharge characteristic has been developed. This is composed of the two separated lanthanum hexaboride ($LaB_6$) of a disk type in the tube as the electron emitters. The way of design is of great advantage to extend the surface discharge area of the $LaB_6$, which is also useful for optimal fixing of the $LaB_6$. The hollow cathode is capable of producing 30 kW (100 V, 300 A) of power continuously.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.63 no.6
• /
• pp.446-452
• /
• 2019

We have developed a method that can leach Co, Mn, and Ni in the cathode active material safely using lactic acid. When cathode active material was leached by lactic acid, lactic acid showed the highest efficiency at 2 N than 1 N and above 4 N concentration. When the cathode active material was added incrementally into the solution of lactic acid, the maximum solubility was 30 g/L at 2 N concentration. Oxalic acid was added in the solution of lactic acid and it showed that rare metals represent the most economical recovery efficiency at 4 g/L. Based on this study, it was found that the optimal condition for recovery of rare metals from cathode active material is oxalic acid : cathode active material = 7 : 1 as a ratio of weight. In addition, it was observed that the precipitate produced by oxalic acid is a polynuclear crystalline material bonded with 3 components of Co, Ni, and Mn.