• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.195-210
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• 2002

In this paper, we present a nonrenewable resource model including environmental pollution stock as a state variable to analyze the dynamic structure of environmental tax. Based on the optimality conditions of our model, we showed that the optimal time path of the shadow cost for environmental pollution stock is the same as that of the costate variable for environmental pollution stock. We did this by applying the theorem, Continuous Dependence on Initial Conditions (Coddington and Levinston, 1985, pp. 22~27), to the optimal control problem. Thus, this result provides a theoretical basis to determine the magnitude of environmental tax to be imposed over time. In addition, we also identified that the costate variable for environmental pollution stock is solely due to the disutility effect.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.397-425
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• 2003

본 연구는 Uzawa(1965)-Lucas(1988) 유형의 내생적 경제성장모형에 환경변수를 도입하여 개발한 이론적 모형을 사용하여 시장경제에서 어떠한 환경정책수단이 사회 최적을 실현할 수 있는지의 여부를 시험하였다. 대부분의 기존연구에서는 환경정책수단의 효과성을 평가함에 있어서 비용효율성(cost efficiency)에 초점을 맞추고 있는 반면, 본 연구는 거시경제학에서 사용되는 정교한 경제성장모형을 이용하여 최적성(optimality)을 연구한다는 데 기존연구와 가장 큰 차이점이 있다고 할 수 있다. 일반균형분석을 통해 환경정책수단의 최적성에 대해 검토한 결과, 정태모형에서는 차이가 없지만 동태모형에서 환경세, 배출거래권제도 등의 경제적 유인수단은 사회 최적을 실현하지만, 특정 형태의 직접규제는 사회최적을 이룰 수 없음을 보여주고 있다. 그 이유는 환경세나 배출거래권제도는 환경의 질에 대하여 독립된 시장가격을 부여함으로써 물적자본과 인적자본의 배분에 영향을 미치는 반면, 직접규제는 환경의 질에 대한 시장가격을 반영하지 않아 자본의 가치가 왜곡되기 때문인 것으로 나타났다.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.689-706
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• 2002

This paper makes some contributions on optimal environmental taxes in the generalized utilitarian social welfare function. It is not to suggest as to appropriate environmental tax rates but to contribute the direction of environmental tax policy. The tax rates depend on parameters of individual utility function (CES utility function) and social welfare function and income tax rate. The major findings are that, as the elasticity of substitution between labor and leisure and the concavity of social welfare function increase, both the optimal tax rates and the government demogrants rise. And, as the parameter of environmental pollution in the individual utility function increases, the optimal tax rates also increase. For the future study, this model involves the income tax and the capital tax as endogenous variables and the wage changes due to international trade.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.133-160
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• 2004

본 논문은 자동차에 부과된 환경세의 장기효과를 분석한다. 만일 정부가 소비자에게 자동차 배기가스에 포함된 오염물질이 대기오염 심화를 유발하는 외부적 피해의 화폐가치에 비례하도록 환경세를 부과하면, 일반적인 피구세와 마찬가지로 자동차운행이 사회적정수준으로 감소한다. 이와 같이 단기에 대기오염저감효과가 발생한다. 게다가 이러한 환경세는 소비자들로 하여금 조세부담으로 인해 오염물질을 적게 배출하는 자동차를 선호하도록 하며, 기업은 이러한 수요 변화에 대응하기 위해 청정 자동차를 생산하게 된다. 그러므로 환경세는 장기에 대기오염저감의 추가적 효과를 갖는다. 이러한 결과는 자동차가 수평적 그리고 수직적 차별화되어 있을 때 내무해가 존재하는 과점모형에서 시뮬레이션을 통해 얻게 된다.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2011

This article examines the impact of electronic commerce on environmental welfare. In particular, we analyze a game model of price competition between offline and online firms when consumption taxes are imposed on both offline and online transactions that produce environmental pollution. We investigate the properties of optimal taxation between offline and online markets and demonstrate that there is an optimal difference between the two taxes, depending upon not only the transaction cost between offline and online consumption, but also the environmental damage cost. We also investigate the effect of tax-free online transactions on tax revenues, and the financial feasibility of the optimal taxation.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.49-57
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• 1996

On the basis of sustainable long-term water resources planning, the development of ground water resources should be interlocked with the surface water development In considering the intertemporal equity, overpumping of groundwater may diminish or eliminate the groundwater resources stock of post-generations. Regulatory landuse zoning for groundwater resources recharge area is indispensable measures to prevent groundwater pollution. Adequate treatment of polluted water from various sources such as municipal sewage, industrial wastewater, landfill site leachate, and abandoned boring wells, is also necessary for groundwater protection. To preserve groundwater resources as common property goods, groundwater use tax should be imposed upon the large scale groundwater use. Finally, the establishment of groundwater development license system is recommended to achieve the social optimal production and to avoid external diseconomy.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.199-208
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• 2013

This study intended to develop an integrated governance model and find measures to manage nonpoint source (NPS) pollutions in watershed management. To reach this goal, this study has analyzed NPS pollution management policies in Korea and has employed statistical methods such as expert Delphi survey, analysis of variance, and factor analysis. As a result, this study has found that the favored basic organization form was a private-public cooperative council. The necessary governance-based NPS pollution management measures determined through this study are as follows: to build collaboration mechanisms including those related to motivation provision, trust building, capacity building, and making optimal regulations; to employ financial resources based on principles such as 'polluter-pays', 'recipient-pays', and 'general-tax-source'; and to develop several programs, including system improvement, pilot and management projects, and publicity.