• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.166-175
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• 2017

Background: This study presents food ingestion standards for radioactivity that can be applied in nuclear emergency exposure situations, and discusses the validity of the current domestic standards. Materials and Methods: This study derived food ingestion standards for radiocesium and radioiodine using domestic food intake rates and intervention levels, which serve as a basis for determining the necessity of public protective actions, and then compared them with the existing guidelines. Operational intervention levels were also derived using domestic food intake rates, and were compared with those of the International Atomic Energy Agency. Results and Discussion: The derived activity concentrations for food ingestion standards of radiocesium for infants were higher than those in the Act on Physical Protection and Radiological Emergency (APPRE) for all food categories, while for adults, the derived activity concentrations for drinking water and milk appeared to be slightly lower. The derived activity concentrations for vegetables, fruits, and grains were greater than those in the guidelines of the APPRE, while the derived activity concentrations for meat and seafood were similar to those in the APPRE. The derived activity concentrations for radioiodine were greater than both domestic and global standards. The calculated operational intervention levels (OILs) based on domestic food intake rates were greater than the IAEA's default OIL6 values for most radionuclides, except for a few ${\alpha}$-radionuclides. Conclusion: The current domestic guidelines turned out to be conservative overall, compared to the present results that were calculated using domestic food intake rates. It is recommended that the domestic guidelines should be revised and complemented transparently through an in-depth review by stakeholders on a solid scientific basis.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.162-168
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was aimed to compare two different kinds of pre-operational education methods on nursing care satisfaction and anxiety among family members of cancer patients. Methods: This research used a quasi-experimental design. A total of 80 patients participated in the study. Forty subjects who were in the experimental group were assigned to be received mobile text-information via cellular phone, whereas control group was given the direct messages from nurses during peri-operative time. Peri-operative family needs and anxiety were measured and analyzed by X2-test and t-test. Result: There was no statistically significant difference in the levels of peri-operative family needs satisfaction and the levels of state anxiety between the two groups (p= .05). Conclusion: Based upon these findings, the nursing intervention with cellular phone short message could be as effective as direct peri-operative information in reducing the level of state anxiety and in increasing of the level of nursing care satisfaction among the family members of cancer patients.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.131-148
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• 2005

In a nuclear emergency, protective actions for the public should be taken in time. It is internationally proposed that generic intervention levels (GILs) and generic action levels, determined based on cost-benefit analyses, be used as the decision criteria for protective actions. Operational intervention levels (OILs) are directly or easily measurable quantities corresponding to these generic levels. To assess the necessity of protective actions in a nuclear emergency, it is important that the environmental monitoring data required for applying and revising OILs should be promptly produced. It is discussed what and how to do for this task in the course of the emergency response. For an emergency environmental monitoring to be performed effectively, a thorough preparedness has to be made including maintenance of the organization and equipments, establishment of various procedure manuals, development of a supporting computer system and periodical training and exercises. It is pointed out that Korean legal provisions concerning GILs and OILs need to be amended or newly established.

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.496-512
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• 2005

It is internationally proposed that generic intervention levels (GILs) and generic action levels, determined based on cost-benefit analyses, be used as the decision criteria for public protective actions in a nuclear emergency. Operational intervention levels (OILs) are directly or easily measurable quantities corresponding to these generic levels. To assess the necessity of protective actions in a nuclear emergency, it is important that the environmental monitoring data required for applying and revising OILs should be promptly produced. It is discussed what and how to do for this task in the course of emergency response and preparedness.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.82-89
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of nursing education using a CD ROM on the anxiety and knowledge of the patients having minor surgery. Method: Forty patients hospitalized in K hospital in Seoul from April to August 2002 participated in this study. In the experimental group, twenty patients received nursing education on the operational procedures and post-operational care. The control group, received conventional nursing care only. Anxiety experienced by patients was measured by Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and knowledge was measured by an instrument developed by Rahe et al. The data were analyzed by SPSS statistical program. Result: There were no significant differences in anxiety level between two groups. However, subjects in the experimental group were found to have significantly higher postoperative knowledge levels than those in the control group, and were very satisfied with the CD ROM program. Conclusion: The nursing education program using CD ROM before minor surgery proved to be an effective nursing intervention to increase knowledge of patients and contribute to their self care after discharge. To decrease anxiety of the surgery, the nursing education program should be combined with supprortive emotional nursing intervention, such as touch, and massage.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.187-205
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• 2012

In this study, 150 previous studies of young children's challenging behavior, conducted over the past 10 years, from 2003 to 2012, were selected. These studies were in relation to young children both with and without disabilities, and they were thus used for the purposes of comparative analysis. The major findings are as follows. First, research on challenging behavior not only of young children with disabilities but also of those without disabilities has been an increasing trend from 2008. While most studies of those without disabilities were based on observations by parents or teachers using a variety of tools, studies regarding those with disabilities mainly used single-subject research methods using an operational definition. Second, the bulk of the studies of young children without disabilities were focused on interaction between various children's internal variables and a variety of parent-related variables related to the occurrence of challenging behavior. In comparison, studies of young children with disabilities were focused excessively on direct intervention after the occurrence of problems. Regarding those without disabilities, the interaction between children's temperament, internal variables, and their mothers' parenting behavior, external variables were the main areas of interest for these researchers. There is clearly a growing need for more active research aimed at the prevention of challenging behavior. Challenging behavior in early childhood has an influence not only on each child's present and future academic achievement levels and their quality of life but also on the quality of instruction in classroom available to all children.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.205-213
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• 2017

This paper is a study on the method to derive the functional level required for autonomous unmanned ground vehicle, one of the defense robots. Conventional weapon systems are not significantly affected by the operating environment, while defense robots exhibit different performance depending on the operating environment, even if they are on the same platform. If the performance of defense robot is different depending on operational environment, results of mission performance will be vary significantly. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the level of function required by the military in order to research and develop most optimal defense robots. In this thesis, we propose a method to derive the required function level of unmanned ground vehicles, focusing on autonomous driving, one of the most vital functions of defense robots. Our results showed that the autonomous driving function depending intervention levels and evaluated functional sensitivity for autonomous driving of the unmanned vehicle using climate and topography as variables.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.107-116
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• 2017

Fires in tunnels are an international concern and fatal accidental fires in tunnels seem to occur on annual. They have the potential to become much worse int the future as more and longer tunnels are constructed and as traffic densities increase. This is a serious problem. The main purpose of this study is to develop operational procedures for fire brigades in road tunnel fires. This study discussed the past to see what can be learned from the incidents that have already done in tunnels. 73 cases of road tunnel fires domestic and outside of Korea were investigated and classified into 4 incident categories. Among them, 4 tunnel fires are highlighted, focusing on the activities of fire brigades and operation. Regarding the establishment of the strategies for fire fighting, 6 kinds of fire scenario curves have been deducted with regard to the relation between intervention time and heat release rate. It made the choice from the defensive or aggressive fire fighting activities depending on two criteria i.e. response limit and maximum response time. Road Tunnel Classification models can be useful when a fire brigade evaluates fire risk levels in the tunnels under its jurisdiction from the firefighting point of view and sets up preventive measures.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.422-431
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• 2002

Because of the gap between the cognitive levels of the students and the curricular materials for the students to understand, the secondary school students feel science difficult and they get to avoid science as they go up to the higher grade. So it is absolutely needed to take the active measures to improve the cognitive development of the students through some special programs stimulating their cognitive process. This study investigated the effects of thinking science activity program devised for cognitive acceleration of the students. After implementing thinking science program to 181 7th grade students, the effectiveness of this program was examined through the analysis of covariance of both experimental and control groups. The result of the study showed that the cognitive level of the students in experiment group dealt with thinking science program was more accelerated than that of the students in control group who were just taught regular science curriculum. Especially, the effect was clear to the students in stages 1 and 2B. It was also found that the percentage of the students who promoted from concrete operational stage to formal operational stage was higher in experimental group than in control group. The results of the study implied that cognitive acceleration of the students might be possible through the specially designed materials such as thinking science program.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2021

Detect and avoid (DAA) system, which is essential for the operation of UAS, detects intruding aircraft and offers the ranges of turn and climb/descent maneuver that are required to avoid the intruder. This paper uses detect and avoid alerting logic for unmanned systems (DAIDALUS) developed at NASA as a DAA algorithm. Since DAIDALUS offers ranges of avoidance maneuvers, the actual avoidance maneuver must be decided by the UAS pilot as well as the timing and method of returning to the original route. It can be readily used in real-time human-in-the-loop (HiTL) simulations where a human pilot is making the decision, but a pilot decision model is required in fast-time simulations that proceed without human pilot intervention. This paper proposes a pilot decision model that maneuvers the aircraft based on the DAIDALUS avoidance maneuver range. A series of tests were conducted using test vectors from radio technical commission for aeronautics (RTCA) minimum operational performance standards (MOPS). The alert levels differed by the types of encounters, but loss of well clear (LoWC) was avoided. This model will be useful in fast-time simulation of high-volume traffic involving UAS.