• 통상정보연구
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.381-399
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• 2007

UCP 600 will now come into effect on 1 July 2007, giving practitioners more than six months to prepare for the change. The vote on the UCP was also a favourable vote on eUCP Version 1.1 which was amended to bring it into conformity with the new rules. ICC Banking commission unanimeusly approved the revised UCP 600 on 26 October 2006 in paris convention. The most important revision of UCP600 have altered the technical and difficult to understand wording of UCP500 into plain simple precise and concise language, The singuler achievement of UCP600 is its elimination of phrase like "reasonable care" "reasonable time" and "an it's face" from the rule. The introduction of separate articles 2 and 3 on "Definitions" and "Interpretation" which contain the concept of "honour" along with the inclusion of certain ISBP wording in UCP, should bring about far greater clarity and precision than in many of the contentions articles in UCP500. The definition of negotiation should help lay to rest the controversies surrounding the terms of negotiation. The removal of reasonable time and the replacement by five banking days should speed the process and make L/Cs more attractive in the market, nevertheless UCP600 have many problems in appling it in practical field. For example the definition of credit, negotiation and purchase it's accepted or undertaken payment draft by accepting bank or deferred payment bank, the second advising bark's position etc. so, I will introduce in this thesis the important revised articles of UCP600 and investigate the problems in applying it in practicle field with reference to the specialist's opinion of the practical field and ICC opinions of drafting Group.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.109-120
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• 2017

자동차 운전면허 시험에서 객관적인 평가가 중요하다. 특히 도로 주행시험은 실제 도로에서 운전능력, 규칙준수, 상황판단능력 등을 종합적으로 시험하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 본 논문에서는 GPS와 센서 데이터 및 기기조작 정보를 활용하여 운전면허 시험의 자동채점시스템을 제안한다. 자동채점 시스템은 차량탑재장치, 채점용단말, 데이터 제어장치, 데이터 저장 및 처리를 위한 서버로 구성되어 있다. 차량탑재장치는 차량에 설치된 센서 데이터를 수집한다. 채점 단말은 차량탑재장치로부터 받은 데이터를 활용하여 기준에 따라 자동채점 한다. 또한 이동 중에 GPS 오차로 인하여 차량이 도로를 벗어나 표현되므로 지도매칭 기법과 경로이탈 및 복귀 알고리즘을 적용하였다. 이 시스템은 기존 시험 채점 방식과 달리 자동 채점이 가능하며, 시험 결과에서 정확한 차량위치 표시와 GPS 음영지역을 벗어났을 때 10초 이내로 경로 복귀를 하였다. 이 시스템은 도로 주행 교육에도 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
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• 제48권10호
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• pp.1317-1326
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• 1999

As the integration ratio and operation speed increase, it has become an important problem to estimate the dissipated power during the design procedure as a method to reduce the TTM(time to market). This paper proposed a prediction model to estimate the maximum dissipated power of a CMOS logic gate. This model uses a calculational method. It was formed by including the characteristics of MOSFETs of which a CMOS gate consists, the operational characteristics of the gate, and the characteristics of the input signals. As the modeling process, a maximum power estimation model for CMOS inverter was formed first, and then a conversion model to convert a multiple input CMOS gate into a corresponding CMOS inverter was proposed. Finally, the power model for inverter was applied to the converted result so that the model could be applied to a general CMOS gate. For experiment, several CMOS gates were designed in layout level by $0.6{\mu}m$ layout design rule. The result by comparing the calculated results with those from HSPICE simulations for the gates showed that the gate conversion model has within 5% of the relative error rate to the SPICE and the maximum power estimation model has within 10% of the relative error rate. Thus, the proposed models have sufficient accuracies. Also in calculation time, the proposed models was more than 30 times faster than SPICE simulation. Consequently, it can be said that the proposed model could be used efficiently to estimate the maximum dissipated power of a CMOS logic gate during the design procedure.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.66-72
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• 2018

This study analyses the types, related operations, facilities, and causes of chemical accidents in Korea based on the RISCAD classification taxonomy. In addition, human error analysis was carried out employing different human error classification criteria. Explosion and fire were major accident types, and nearly half of the accidents occurred during maintenance operation. In terms of related facility, storage devices and separators were the two most frequently involved ones. Results of the human error-based analysis showed that latent human errors in management level are involved in many accidents as well as active errors in the field level. Action errors related to unsafe behavior leads to accidents more often compared with the checking behavior. In particular, actions missed and inappropriate actions were major problems among the unsafe behaviors, which implicates that the compliance with the work procedure should be emphasized through education/training for the workers and the establishment of safety culture. According to the analysis of the causes of the human error, the frequency of skill-based mistakes leading to accidents were significantly lower than that of rule-based and knowledge based mistakes. However, there was limitation in the analysis of the root causes due to limited information in the accident investigation report. To solve this, it is suggested to adopt advanced accident investigation system including the establishment of independent organization and improvement in regulation.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제14권
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• pp.177-218
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• 2000

Global Electronic Trading means that trading partners trade each other via Global Electronic Trading Network, that is, global business to business electronic commerce. Recently, where the cargo arrives ahead of the B/L, the importer cannot take delivery of the cargo without the B/L. This situation is referred to as the B/L dilemma. But the BOLERO system will resolve this B/L dilemma. Bolero Project is developing a cross industry utility platform for the secure, electronic transfer of commercial trade information world wide. After the successful testing of an original pilot project, The Bolero Association was formed in 1995 by a group of interested cross industry companies. As a joint venture between SWIFT and TT Club, bolero.net is changing the way the world trades by providing a web-based, paperless mode of commerce that is designed to become a global standard. Bolero International Limited published the first edition of Bolero Rulebook in 1999. The Bolero Rulebook as amended from time to time, governing the relationship between Users and their rights and obligations arising from the Bolero system. The Bolero service will be governed by a multilateral contract called the Bolero Rule Book which specifies the rights and responsibilities of Bolero and its users. The Title Registry and Bolero Bill of Lading provide a fully functional equivalent to the paper bill of lading. The Bolero Bill of Lading can be created, transferred, amended, and surrendered by way of designating to order party, blank endorsement, refusal by the transferee etc. Thus, this study deals with the functions of Bolero Bill of Lading and the problems and solutions in the Bolero Bill of Lading in point of definitions and operation under the Bolero Rulebook.

• Composites Research
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.8-12
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• 2001

필라멘트 와인딩 공법(filament winding process)은 회전하는 맨드렐에 로빙(roving)형태의 연속섬유를 감는 비교적 간단한 공정이다. 이것은 저장탱크, 화학용 파이프, 그리고 다른 산업에 사용되는 안정적이고 다양한 공법이다. 본 연구에서는 split disk test 치구와 dress disk test 치구에 의한 필라멘트 와인딩 링 시편의 인장강도 값을 실험에서 얻어진 결과와 혼합법칙에 의해 얻어진 이론적인 값을 비교하였다. 이 논문의 목적은 필라멘트 와인딩 구조물의 인장 특성 평가에 대한 적합한 시험법을 제안하고 있는 것이다. dress disk test 치구로 시험한 링 시험편의 인장강도는 split disk test 치구의 모서리 부분에서 발생하는 응력집중 때문에 split disk test의 시험 결과보다 이론적인 인장강도 간에 잘 근절함을 보여준다. 이 실험 결과 시험 치구의 기하학적 형상과 섬유의 연속성, 섬유 장력 그리고 시험편의 응력 집중에 영향은 받음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.370-378
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• 2008

공인전자문서보관소는 전자문서 보관의 법적 효력을 부여해 문서를 안전하게 보관하고, 전자문서의 내용과 송수신 여부 등을 증명해 주는 신뢰할 수 있는 제3의 기관을 말한다. 본 논문에서는 공인전자문서보관소 구축 핵심기능인 송수신 보안 기능에 초점을 맞추고 있으며, 공인전자문서보관소 업무 서버와 이용자간에 각 시스템간의 데이터 송수신시 안전하게 메시지를 보낼 수 있도록 공개키를 이용한 암호화 시스템을 제안 및 구현하였다. ITU-T의 X.509 기본 원칙을 준수하며, 대량의 데이터를 속도 향상을 위해 대칭키 암호화 알고리즘을 사용하였으며, 여기에 사용된 키만을 개인키로 암호화 시켰으며, 데이터의 무결성을 위해 메시지를 전자서명을 통해 수정하는 것을 방지하였다. 또한 시스템간의 인증을 하기 위해 인증서를 통해 서로 인증할 수 있도록 하였다.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.51-54
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• 2016

Metal sheet forming has been commonly used as the core technology in manufacturing parts of automobiles. It guarantees the highest production rate due to the process of mass production employing the press die. For precision of the product, the accuracy of the molds and its mechanic structures are considered as essential factors. One of these is fine blanking, which is utilized for the production of the metal sheet spring, with which clear sheer surfaces can be achieved in one operation from the materials. However, the current designs of press dies perform the forming analysis with the molds of rigid body, so they are focused on weight lightening by a rule of thumb. Therefore, this paper practice structural analysis about developing the semi fine-fine blanking technology. The semi fine-blanking can be run through the combination of the hydraulic cylinders and normal presses, so this paper analyze the amount of deformation according to the oil pressure. In addition, based on the plasticity of 50CrV4, the materials of the mold parts, the structural analysis and life analysis are proceeded, so they are expected to be useful as data for manufacturing the mold.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.467-478
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• 1995

The school food service system has been an important national policy in Korea. To find out the reference data of the school food service system, we surveyed four primary schools, one middle school, and one food service center in Nara, Japan. The results are as follows; 1. The school food service was carried out in 99.4% of primary school children and in 82.5% of middle school students. 2. The central commissary school food service system was utilized at 49.0% of primary schools and 68.5% of middle schools. 3. The expense of the system is supported partially by the student's parents and partially by the government, of which the support rate was noticed by the law of school food service. 4. The dietary content of school food service was laid down by 'The rule of the operation basis of school food service'. The menu was chosen by the 7 kinds of stepwise meetings. 5. The teachers emphasized on the food etiquette, the appreciation to the food and the personal relationship during meal, as well as on the nutritional balance. 6. We found other problems in Japanese food service system, such as the sanitary problems, the problems of the new tableware, and whether the central kitchen had less advantage than the individual school kitchen. We can conclude that the school food service system is becoming the essential part in school education, and hope to design not only economical but also educational system in Korea, with the consideration of Japanese system.

• 과학기술학연구
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.69-95
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• 2005

이 글은 일제에 의해 이식된 은사기념과학관의 사회적 역할을 살펴보았다. 식민지 과학관은 식민지 지배를 정당화하는 정치적 공간으로 활용되었다. 일제는 과학사상을 보급한다는 미명아래 과학관을 식민지 지배에 이용하였던 것이다. 식민지 과학관은 '위대한 과학제국' 일본을 부각시켜 열등한 조선을 지배하는 것이 당연한 것처럼 보이도록 하였다. 과학관의 전시와 강인 실험, 과학영화 등은 이러한 식민지 지배이데 올로기를 선전하였다. 식민지 과학관의 이식은 다음과 같은 문제점을 남았다. 첫째, 과학관이 정치권력의 선전수단으로 이용되었다. 식민지 과학관의 건축, 전시, 운영의 모든 면이 공공연하게 권력의 정책방향을 선전, 옹호하고 그것이 '개발, '발전'이라는 장미빛 환상을 심었다. 둘째, 식민지 과학관에서 과학기술은 '결과와 '도구'로 취급되었다. 일제는 과학이 사회적 위기를 해결했던 역사적, 문화적 산물임을 부정하고 '도구적 합리성'만을 주입시켰다. 셋째, 식민지 과학관에서 다루었던 과학기술은 매우 수준 낮은 것이었다. 생활의 과학화를 내세우며 교육했던 것은 근대적 규율을 내면화시켜 권력이 요구하는 노동자형 인간을 양성하기 위한 것이었다.