• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.483-490
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• 1987

In order to study the compensatory renal function in 6 Korean black goats with 75% reduction in renal mass, some blood chemical values were determined and pathological changes were examined. The results were as follows : 1. BUN level increased significantly from post-operation day 1 through day 30(p<0.01) compared with pre-operation level. Serum creatinine level increased significantly from post-operation day 1 through day 26(p <0.01 ) compared with pre-operation level and remained higher than pre-operation level at day 30(p <0. 05). 2. Serum calcium level increased significantly from post-operation day 4 through day 7(p<0.01) compared with pre-operation level and remained higher than pre-operation level from post-operation day 8 through day 14(p<0.05). Serum phosphorus level decreased at postoperation day 4,5(p<0.05 ) compared with pre-operation level. 3. RBC counts decreased at post-operation day 2. 3, 5. to 30(p<0.05), PCV decreased at post-operation day 2, 3, 5, 7, to 30(p<0.05), hemoglobin level decreased at post-operation day 2, 8, 14, to 30(p<0.05), compared with pre - operation levels, respectively. 4. The ventral half of the right kidney was infarcted by the ligation of ventral branch of right renal artery.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.36-48
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• 1990

This study was attempted to provide us with basic information on how to improve understanding with patients for operation, and to offer then better nursing and treatment. This kind of study will help scientific application to nursing practice and operating room. The data was collected by interviewing 29 patients who underwent the elective surgery under the general anesthesia at Y hospital in Seoul. The interview ran from October 15 to December 15, 1989. The research instrument was a anxiety measurement device (SAAI) originally developed by Spielberger, et al and modified by Jung-Tack Kim. 1. Hypothesis Testing Hypothesis one was that there would be a difference in state anxiety level according to a time difference in watiting for operation. This hypothesis was rejected(state.anxiety level one hour before operation P>.05, r-.747, State anxiety level half an hour before operation P>.05, r-.1550, state anxiety level just before operation, P>.05, r=.1099). However, state anxiety, evel appeared to be associated with a longer watiting period, like one day before operation (P<.05, r-.4628). Hypothesis two was that there would be a difference according to state anxiety level of patients for operation. This was rejected. (Change of blood perssure in systolie P>.05 r=.1082, Change of blood pressure in diastolic P>.05, r=.088, Change of pulse rate, P>.05, r-1.909) 2. Examining trait anxiety and state anxiety levels, the average level of trait anxiety was 42.034, and the average level of state anxiety one day before operation was 43,000. The average level of state anxiety was averaged 42.356 in a waiting room for operation. 3. Examining the state anxiety level by time period, the one hour before was 42.379 the level half an hour before 42.276, and the level just before operation 42.414. The low level of state anxiety was due to the fact that premedication was not eliminated. 4. Age and time period like one day before operation was related to state anxiety level (F=5.271, P<.0.01) and blood pressure in waiting room for operation. That is, state anxiety level and blood pressure of patients one day before operation appeared high. Sex was relation to changes of blood pressure ; the blood pressure of male patients appeard higer than of female patients. A marital status was also related anxiety level one hour before operation the married patient for operation showed a higher state anxiety level than that of the unmarried patient for operation. Education was similarily related to trait anxiety level in which highly educated patients show lower levels of trait anxiety than poorly educated ones. Motive for hospitalization was related to state anxiety level for patient one hour before operation (F=6.464, P<.05) likewise, patients who are supposed to undergo operation hastily showed higher levels of anxiety than patients who expect elective surgeries.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• autumn
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• pp.266-269
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• 2003

This study predicts the maintenance and operation level of the bridge based on the LCC concept. In order to predict the LCC of the given case, suggested the maintenance and operation level after reviewing other related materials. Apply the real information of the maintenance and operation to the three casesof the maintenance and operation level (real, current, and prevented maintenance and operation level). And based on such analytical measures, maintenance and operation costs and LCC in maintenance and operation level, have been predicted: therefore, suggests the basic information about maintenance and operation level for the bridge. With a result of this study, we could obtain (1)the LCC of PSC-bridge and RC-bridge is more economy than Steel-bridge and (2)more active maintenance and operation of a bridge is absolutely necessary.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.263-269
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• 2018

In this study, a selective inverter operation between a 2-level voltage source converter (VSC) and a 3-level T-type VSC (3LT VSC) is proposed to improve the efficiency of a 3LT VSC. The 3LT VSC topology, except for its neutral-point switches, has similar operations as that of the 2-level VSC. If an operation mode is changed according to efficiency, the efficiency can be improved because efficiencies of each methods are depending on current and MI (Modulation Index). The proposed method calculates the power losses of the two topologies and operates as the having lower losses. To calculate the losses, the switching and conduction losses based on the operation mode of each topology were analyzed. The controller determined the operation mode of the 2- or 3-level VSC based on the power loss calculated during every cycle. The validity of the proposed control scheme was investigated through simulation and experiments. The waveform and average efficiency of each method were compared.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.586-594
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• 2015

This paper proposes a maximum efficiency operation strategy for three-level T-type inverter in entire operation areas. The three-level T-type inverter has higher and lower efficiency areas compared with two-level inverter. The proposed strategy aims to operate in the maximum efficiency point for the low-voltage and low-power home appliances. The three-level T-type inverter is analyzed in detail, and the two operation mode selection strategy is developed. The proposed algorithm is verified by theoretical analysis and experimental results.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.400-408
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• 2009

Simulation applications for analyzing the productivity of construction operations at operation level and project schedules at project level are crucial methods in project management. The application at two different levels should be very tightly linked to each other in practice. However, appropriate integration at the levels is not achieved in that existing systems do not support to integrate operation models into a schedule model. This paper presents a new approach named to Discrete Event Simulation-Nesting modeling approach, which supports not only productivity analysis at operation level but also schedule management at a project level. The system developed by the authors allows creating operation models at the operation level, maintaining them in operation model library, executing sensitivity analysis to find the behaviors of the operation models when different combination of resources are used as existing DES systems do. On top of the conventional functions, the new system facilitates to find the optimum solution of resource combinations which satisfy the user's interest by computing the hourly productivity and the hourly cost of the operation. By drag-and-dropping an operation model kept in the operation model library, the operation models are integrated into an activity of the schedule model. When a complete schedule model is established by nesting operation models into the schedule model, stochastic simulation based scheduling is executed. A case study is presented to demonstrate the new simulation system and verify the validity of the system.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.77-85
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• 2013

The efficient operation and management strategies of reservoirs in irrigation periods of drought events are an essential element for drought planning and countermeasure. Korea Rural Community Corporation has developed the real-time water level observation system of agricultural reservoirs to efficiently operate reservoirs, however, it is not possible to predict drought conditions, and only provides information of current situation. Hence, it is necessary to evaluate accurate irrigation vulnerability and efficiently reservoir operation rules using current water level. In this paper, the improvement methods of reservoir operation planning were developed with water supply vulnerability characteristic curves comparing to automatic water gauge at agricultural reservoirs. The 11 reservoirs were simulated applying the reservoir operation rules which was determined by irrigation vulnerability characteristic curves criteria and real time water level, and evaluated water supply situation in 2012 year. The analysis of results can be identified probabilistic possibility of water supply failures compared with the existing reservoir operation criteria. These results of efficient reservoir operation rules can be achieved enable irrigation planners to optimally manage available water resources for decision making, and contributed to maintain the water supply according to demand strategy for agricultural reservoirs management.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2000.04b
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• pp.332-339
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• 2000

In this paper the characteristics of vibration induced by subway trains running on track is discussed. The quantitative prediction of the vibration level and the countermeasure for reduction of necessary, is of importance for the better environment. It was made the constructed Bundang line as first step with the modified Young-Dan type to basis on the Japanese Young-Dan type. In this paper it was measured and analyzed to two region (①Susuh-Bokjung, ②Chorim-Suhyun region) of this, at present operational Bundang line when averaging velocity of train is 60(㎞/h). As the response characteristics of frequency induced by subway operation, it was confirmed that frequency band of neighborhood of 30∼80Hz in generally dominant. Also to assess the quantitative vibration as response level to be measured for each point of two region in subway operation, the vibrational response level was measured at the state to be not subway operation. And the level was approximately 1/5∼1/10 level comparing to subway operation.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1053-1059
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• 2009

Construction system modeling can enhance work performance by following the behaviors of a system. System behaviors may originate from physical aspects of a system, namely operation level variables, or from non-physical aspects of a system known as context level variables. However, construction system modelers usually focus on only one type of system variable (i.e., operation level or context level) which can lead to less accurate results. Hybrid modeling with System Dynamics (SD) and Discrete Event Simulation (DES) is one of the approaches that has been utilized to address this issue. In this research, an SD-DES hybrid model of a steel fabrication shop is developed, and the benefits of capturing context level variables together with operation level variables in the model are discussed.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.319-330
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• 2017

In remote USV (Unmanned Surface Vehicle) maritime operation, the remote operation and control technic and autonomous control technic is required and the emergency mode algorithm is needed certainly for sailing and accomplishing various surveillance, reconnaissance, and underwater search missions of USV. In this paper, we review the countermeasures in emergency situation of the existing USV system (Barracuda) and propose the emergency mode algorithm considering the operation and control, and autonomous control level for the stable USV operation in case of emergency. We analyzed the autonomous control level in view of the mission complexity and environmental difficulty, and human interface, and verified the performance of the autonomous control level when we apply four emergency mode algorithms. It is expected that more stable and reliable operation and cotrol are possible if the proposed algorithm is applied to the environments requiring the various multi-mission USV sailing and mission achievement.