• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.1083-1093
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• 2003

Efficient financial management is a critical factor in achieving school foodservice goals. The objective of this study was to suggest efficient financial management practices in secondary school foodservices. In pursuit of this objective, we first identified performance indexes for measuring the success of financial management. Second, we suggested financial management standards, financial data classification methods and a report system. Last, we analyzed operating ratios with the financial data of self-operated and contract-managed school food services. The data were collected through an open-ended questionnaire from 10 middle/high school foodservices in Seoul and Kyeonggi Provincial during on-sites visits and interviews with dieticians and managers. Student participation, sales goals, re-contract frequency and number and cost of disaster loss were identified as the performance indexes for financial management. Income statements were compiled by identifying and classifying financial data. Total revenues consisted of subsidies, meal sales, other revenue and interest. Expenditures consisted of purchased food, salaries and wages, utility costs, office supplies, kitchen supplies, purchased services, company overhead indirect costs, facility investment and maintenance, facility usage expenses, employee benefits and miscellaneous. Mean price of a meal was 2,326 won at self-operated foodservices when the subsidies were included as revenues and 2,360 won at contract-managed foodservices. When including the subsidies as revenues, the operating ratios of self-operated foodservice showed that the food cost percentage was 66.9％, labor cost 23.2％, operation cost 9.9％ and profit 0％. The correspond figures at contract-managed foodservices were 57.6％, 21.5％, 15.3％, and 5.5％, respectively. Food costs in self-operated foodservices was significantly higher than that for contract-managed foodservices, however, facility investment and maintenance and facility usage expenses at self-operated foodservices was significantly lower than those for contract-managed foodservices. Based on this study, the methodology and classification system of financial data was found to be applicable to assess the financial structure of school foodservices.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.263-294
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect on R&D investment and technology commercialization capabilities on business performance of 118 Korean firms which has R&D center. In particular, this study tried to define technology commercialization and technology commercialization capabilities for the board and narrow perspective, and investigates the role of technology commercialization capabilities in linking R&D investment and business performance in terms of a financial performance as the growing rate of sales, the growing rate of operating income to sales and non-financial performance as the ratio of technology commercialization. The results of this study are as follows. First, the findings of the research indicated that there was a significant positive relationship between R&D investment and business performance as financial and non-financial. Second, the study found that board technology commercialization capability as technology strategic planning, technology process, and technology organization has the mediating effect to R&D investment on business performance as the ratio of technology commercialization. Third, the study found that narrow technology commercialization capability as manufacturing and marketing play a mediating role in terms of business performance as financial and non-financial.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.463-474
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• 2010

In this study, we evaluate the efficiency of Construction Industry using Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA). Since the Construction Industry has been traditionally operated through competition, it is important to measure the efficiency. In this paper, we empirically analyze the Efficiency of the 50 Korean Construction Industry. In detail, we used the scale of efficiency in order that efficiency cannot be affected by the total technical efficiency of each company and the scale of DMU by applying CCR or BBC model. Also, we analyzed the changes of measurement DEA model score. we adopted the basic DEA, RTS Region and MPSS(Most Productive Scale Size) method which are combined with efficiency measurement model in order to analyze the operational status. Furthermore, by complementing the shortfalls of the scale efficiency value of the DEA Model, RTS Region Model can be recommended to be appropriate in the evaluation of ideal input/output Quantity. In particular, input variables are total assets, construction capacity, the technical staff and output variables are sales volume, operating income. The result of RTS Region and MPSS shows that 9 DMUs of the efficiency frontier in the Construction Industry are analyzed to be relatively efficient DMUs, and 41 DMUs are analyzed to be inefficient DMUs, and finally inefficient DMUs are separated with Region 1 and Region 6.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.229-238
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• 1998

Current cost income is composed of current operating profit and holding gains. There is two viewpoints about the nature of current cost changes: earnings and capital adjustments. The former is based on the financial capital maintenance concept, while the latter is based on the physical capital maintenance concept. Proponents of current cost accounting are convinced that it provides more useful information than conventional accounting. Advocates of financial capital believe that current cost information is needed for management to evaluate their past decisions, and thereby be able to improve their decision-making ability. Defenders of historical cost point out that current cost accounting violates the traditional revenue recognition principle by recognising increases in the value of assets before sales.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.135-142
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• 2017

This study employs an analytical mathematical model to estimate the optimal debt ratio of Korean agricultural corporations, more sensitive to the government debt ratio policy compared to other industries, and the estimation of the optimal debt ratio based on objective data. The analytical model utilizes the equation for ROE, with the debt ratio as an independent variable, and related parameters include ROS, TAT, and NFCL. Regarding the NFCL, the optimal debt ratio standard is defined as the debt ratio that maximizes the ROE by analytical procedures such as adding an equation concerning the debt ratio and a linearity relationship to the analytical model, and from these equations, a quadratic equation with the debt ratio as an independent variable describes the ROE. This methodemploys fourteen years of corporate data. Results show that 138% of debt ratio is the optimal debt ratio to increase the ROE of the corporations, which implies that the existing debt ratio of Korean agricultural corporations is higher than optimal. Consequently, it is required for authorities to change future debt ratio policies in view that the purpose of debt ratio management is to maintain safety and increase profitability.Management should emphasize characteristics of the specific industry rather than standardized judgements based on numerical indexes.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.97-104
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• 2015

Purpose - The distribution of agricultural products is changing due to recent shifts in environmental free trade. Specifically, the competitiveness of domestic agricultural products has weakened as a result of the Korea-China Financial Trade Agreement. Agricultural producers are faced with increasing difficulties and organized production centers are growing in importance daily. To overcome this crisis, agricultural producer organizations are vying for environment-friendly agricultural certifications, Good Agriculture Practices (GAP) and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP). In particular, as consumer demand for higher safety grows, farmers are increasing their certification rates. Therefore, this certification system is expected to help strengthen the competitiveness of agricultural producer organizations. Research design/data/methodology - Organized production centers are classified by certification. A survey was conducted with 91 organizations using factor analysis and logistic regression analysis for the examination. The factor analysis results are as follows. Raw material procurement, education·specialization, marketing, joint business, organizing ability, business management, effectiveness, certification, and larger organizations were classified as the nine types of factors. These factors affect the organized production centers and are used in the logistic regression analysis. The purpose of such research and analysis is to suggest a direction for future production center policies. Results - The basic statistical results are as follows: analysis of the producer organizations of 91 sites, average number of members per site of 1,624, and average sales of 25,961 million won. Additionally, the average income per farmer is 175 million won, and the pooling system rate is 53.5%. The factor analysis results are as follows. Factor 1 consists of contract cultivation, ongoing shipment, selection subdivision, traceability, and major retailer management. Factor 2 consists of manual cultivation, specialty selection, education program, and R&D. Factor 3 consists of advertising, various dealers, various sales strategies, and a unified sales counter. Factor 4 consists of agricultural materials co-purchase, policy support, co-shipment, and incentives. Factor 5 consists of the co-selection and pooling system. Factor 6 consists of co-branding and operating by the organization's article. Factor 7 consists of the buy-sell ratio and rate of operation of the agriculture promotion center. Factor 8 consists of bargaining power in volume and participation rate of farmer certification. Factor 9 consists of increasing new subscribers. The logistic regression analysis results are as follows. Considering the results by type of certification, the environment-friendly agricultural certification type and the GAP certification type have a (+) influence. GAP and HACCP certification types affecting the education·specialization factor have a (+) influence. Considering the results for each type of certification, the environment-friendly agricultural certification types on the effectiveness factor have (-) influence; the HACCP certification types on the organizing ability and effectiveness factor have a (-) influence. Conclusions - Agricultural producer organizations should develop plans as follows: The organizations need to secure education for agricultural production; increase the pooling system ratio for sustainable organizational development; and, finally, expand the number of agricultural producer organizations.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.380-387
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• 2016

Considering that the Seoul subway sector is expected to see extension of lines, addition of stations, and changes of operating companies, a review is needed to identify ways to eliminate or minimize financial deficits in its operation. As for deficits from the operation, additional businesses for extra income have been suggested as alternatives, but inasmuch as Western urban development (that of the subway containment area) may not be applicable to Korean settings, a practical alternative is to maximize income by efficient use of rental facilities that are located inside station properties. This alternative requires the estimation of appropriate facility size and rent for each station; few, however, have addressed this topic. At this juncture, this study aimed to draw an equation for estimating the sizes and rents of station properties by reflecting characteristics of lines and locations; a case study was performed for Subway Lines 5 and 6. Analytical findings are that rental facility sizes and rental incomes are affected mainly by the subway ridership and transport revenues, whereas the influence of ground-level commercial activity is relatively weak. A particularly great influence was found to be the value of apartment housing in areas through which the subway lines run. Stations on Line 5, which runs through areas of high-value housing, were assigned smaller facility sizes and higher rents than those on Line 6, which covers areas with relatively low housing value. The equation suggested in this study would make possible more practical feasibility studies when the need arises to estimate sales of new or extended facilities affiliated with stations.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.96 no.6
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• pp.705-713
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to understand the organization and the forestry household income applied the result of 2005 Forestry Census and the Economic survey of Forest household in Korea. As a result of the analysis, there are 97,108 households of a forester in korea 2005. Full time forestry household occupied 7,925 families (8.2%), part time forestry household occupied 88,183 families (91.8%). Therefore, the most household of a forester is part time forestry household in korea. The average people of the household of a forester family is 2.7 people. The age of forest manager are sixties nearly, over sixty years old forest manager occupied 51,505 people (53%). The forest management period of forestry households is more than 6 months in 39,229 families (40.4%), less than 1 month in 7,216 families (7.4%). The average area of forestry households owning forest is 4.6ha. According to the type of business, logging families possesses 19.5 ha. The mean income of forestry households is \27,148,000. One of them, forestry income is \6,529,000, which occupied 24.1%. Furthermore, forestry households less than \5,000,000 forest product sales performance occupied 51,633 families, which is 64%. Forest operating costs is \6,566,000 mean per family. In addition, the number of a forestry household resident villages is 11,829 villages, where is 32.8% of whole villages in korea. There are 2,979 villages where reside forestry household in gyeongsangbuk-do.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.301-308
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• 2018

This study explores an analytical mathematical model designed to estimate the optimal debt ratio of the Korean automobile industry, which has a more significant effect on the national economy than that of other industries, and attempts to estimate the optimal debt ratio based on objective data. The analytical model is based on ROA and ROE which uses the debt ratio as an independent variable and employs ROS, TAT, and NFCL as the related parameters. Regarding the NFCL, the optimal debt ratio is usually defined as the debt ratio that maximizes the ROA and ROE and is calculated using analytical procedures, such as by adding an equation that considers the debt ratio and the linearity relationship to the analytical model. This is because the optimal debt ratio can be calculated reliably by making use of an estimated value within a certain range, which is derived from more than two calculations rather than a single estimation starting from one calculation formula. In this study, for the estimation of the optimal debt ratio, the ROA and ROE are expressed as a quadratic equation with the debt ratio as the independent variable. Using this analysis procedure, the optimal debt ratio obtained using the data from the Korean automobile industry over a sixteen year period, which would optimize the profitability of the Korean automobile industry, was found to be 188% of the debt ratio in the ROA and 213% of the debt ratio in the ROE. This result was obtained by overcoming the problem of the reliability of the estimation value in spite of the limitations of the logical theory of this study, and can be interpreted as meaning that maintaining a debt ratio of 188% to 213% can enhance the profitability and reduce the risks in the Korean automobile industry. Furthermore, this indicates that the existing debt ratio of the Korean automobile industry is lower than the optimal value within the estimated range. Consequently, it is necessary for corporations to change their future debt ratio policies, given that the purpose of debt ratio management is to maintain safety and increase profitability, and to take into account the characteristics of the specific industry.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.75-90
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• 2013

This research was undertaken to find out how effectively ERP has been employed by the enterprises through comparing and analyzing the management performance of each enterprise after introducing ERP to Retail and Distribution Industry using DEA technique. According to the research results, efficiency evaluation for each site was calculated through input and output factors to find out comparative ERP system usage efficiency of 10 Retail and Distribution Industry Companies in terms of such factors as employee, quick assets, inventories, sales revenue, operating income. This paper confirms that the companies having launched management innovation by aggressively adopting ERP saw their management efficiency improving consistently, and in the distribution industry, it took at least 3 years before the effect of ERP introduction on enhancing management efficiency became visible. Furthermore, this paper also reveals that, unlike the manufacturing industry which was the subject of the previous study, efficiency was not necessarily proportional to the size of company in the service industry including distribution and export which was the subject of this paper.