• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1084-1095
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of clothing materials and the opening of the garment on the microclimate of the skin simulating system during the coupled heat and moisture transfer. To determine the effect of size and location of openness of the garment, openness was simulated by removing parts of the spacer ring of the modelling system. To evaluate the changes of humidity and temperature of air layer in the system, buffering indice, Kd and Pr, and efficiency of openness were determined. When the openness was imparted to the system, the transport rate of heat and moisture increased abruptly; at the total openness of 26.4%, which simulated the openness of neck, armhole and waist, Kd increased at least more than three times of the closed system. As the openness increased, the effect of clothing materials decreased gradually to lose its effect at the 60% openness and approached the value of nude. Temperature regulating index showed, however, higher value than nude which was apparently due to the still air layer.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.117-128
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• 2012

This study investigated the manner in which extraversion, openness to experience and creativity related to school adjustment and explored the mediating role of creativity in extraversion-school adjustment and openness to experience-school adjustment relationships. The participants of this study were 258 undergraduate students from around the capital city and Pusan Greater Metropolitan area. The results revealed that extraversion related positively to openness to experience, creativity and school adjustment. Openness to experience related positively to creativity and school adjustment and creativity related positively to school adjustment. Furthermore, creativity was found to mediate the effects of openness to experience on school adjustment. The influence of openness to experience on school adjustment occurred indirectly through the facilitation of creativity. The importance of extraversion, openness to experience and creativity to predict undergraduate student's school adjustment is also discussed.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.27-37
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• 2016

This study uses an endogenous economic growth model to determine the long run relationship between trade openness and economic growth in China by using the data 1975-2009.It contributes to the literature by developing trade openness index. An autoregressive distributed lag approach to cointegration and rolling regression method are employed. This study tests the link between trade openness and economic growth in the case of China by using the framework of endogenous economic growth model. This study also employs the rolling window regression method in order to examine the stability of coefficients throughout the sample span. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) cointegration technique and rolling regression method are used. The empirical findings indicate that trade openness (i.e. Both individual trade indicator and composite trade openness index) are positively related to economic growth in the long run and short run. Our results indicate that trade openness as measured by individual trade indicator and composite trade openness index are positively related to economic growth in the long run and short run. However, results from the rolling window suggest that trade openness is negatively linked to economic growth only for a number of years.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.43-53
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between sexually explicit video viewing and social support through the mass media and the sex openness of adolescents. Methods: This study used as the main data of 'Study on Measures against Sexualization of Juveniles through Mass Media in the Smart Age' conducted by 'National Youth Policy Institute' in 2014 nationwide. 3,176 of the 4,356 adolescents in Korea were selected as the final study subjects after excluding the 1,180 missing adjectives. Results: As a result, sex openness of male students was higher than that of female students. The higher the grade, the higher the sex openness, and the higher the stimulus, the higher the sex openness. The higher the imitation sharing, the higher the sex openness. The higher the human rights violation, the lower sex openness. Finally, the higher the social support, the higher the sex openness. Conclusions: In conclusion, strengthening the management of realistic media providers and emotional education rather than the unconditional regulation of mass media is expected to help prevent adverse effects on the sex openness of adolescents.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.111-118
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• 2021

The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of trade openness on foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows into Vietnam, an emerging country with relatively high trade openness in recent years. The study used the vector autoregression (VAR) model to examine the impact of trade openness on FDI in Vietnam, in the period from 2005 to 2019. The research data are time-series data, with quarterly frequency, from 2005:Q4 to 2019:Q3. The FDI data were collected by International Financial Statistics. The data of trade openness were calculated based on Vietnam's export, import, and GDP data collected by the General Statistics Office of Vietnam. The estimated result shows that the trade openness has a positive effect on FDI. The current FDI is heavily influenced by FDI in the past with an average explanation of 74%. The main findings indicate that trade openness has a positive effect on FDI inflows into Vietnam. The findings also show that FDI in Vietnam is significantly affected by the shocks of the FDI itself in the past. The findings of the study suggest the Vietnamese Government improves the quality of trade openness and FDI, continues and maintains economic relations with other countries to increase trade openness.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.711-735
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• 2011

This study examines whether firms' openness to external knowledge improves their innovative performance and what factors make openness more effective in generating innovation. Using 2008 Korean Innovation Survey in manufacturing sector, this study tests whether openness improves innovative performance and how absorptive capacity, small size and use of appropriation methods to a high degree influence the effect of openness on innovation in Korean manufacturing industries. This study finds the followings: First, the effect of openness varies depending on type of innovation. Openness is more effective for incremental innovation than for radical innovation. Second, there exists complementarity between openness and the R&D intensity when innovation is incremental. When the R&D intensity level is high, the effect of openness on incremental innovation is stronger than on radical innovation. Third, openness is more effective for small firms to perform radical innovation than incremental innovation. Fourth, when a firm uses appropriation methods to a high degree, openness is not effective for incremental innovation.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.397-416
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• 2016

This paper is devoted to the study of various notions of almost openness and almost homeomorphisms and the characterization of some of them in terms of the relative interior operator. Generally, openness (or quasi-openness) for a continuous map f is well known. We define openness (or quasi-openness) at a point x using the relative interior operator and characterize that a continuous map f is almost open, almost quasi-open, almost embedding and almost homeomorphsims.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.27-40
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• 2016

In this paper, we introduce the concepts of interval-valued intuitionistic gradation of openness of fuzzy sets which is a generalization of intuitionistic gradation of openness of fuzzy sets and interval-valued intuitionistic gradation preserving mapping and then investigate their properties.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.49-59
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• 2022

The relationship between income inequality and capital account openness is empirically investigated in this study, where macroeconomic variables have opposing effects. Panel data used in the study from the KAOPEN Index and World Bank consists of 28 Asian countries and has been examined; it contains annual observations from 1970 to 2018. The data is examined using a random-effect model based on GMM estimates. Income inequality and capital account openness are positively and significantly related, according to our findings. Overall, the findings imply that increasing income gaps reduced capital investment in nations with large discrepancies. The growing economic discrepancy is being caused by the rich's increasing income share at the expense of the poor. In Asia, inward capital account openness exacerbates income inequality, while outward capital account openness exacerbates it. As a result, income inequality slows economic growth, leading to inflation, unemployment, and increased government spending in several Asian countries. Our control factors, GDP, and other secondary school enrolments, all had a statistically significant negative relationship with income inequality. Income disparity has a positive and statistically significant association with government spending, inflation, population, trade openness, and unemployment. Income disparity has a negative association with capital account openness, gross domestic product, and secondary school enrollment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.65-78
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• 2015

An important factor in assessing the beneficial qualities of a city's intersection spaces can be measured by examining a pedestrian's approach to the space and calculating the openness observed in the overall design of adjacent buildings. These spaces are influential, since they offer opportunities for pedestrians to spend time and take in views of the surrounding environment. The intersection of horizontal components in cities such as Bundang-si and Suwon-si can provide a sense of openness or greenness. We believe that there is a need for careful analysis and study of such components, as defined by designations in Bucheon-si research, and that this study can give important insights for future urban planning and design. When assessing the openness of an intersection, a key variable is the reported rate of perforation, which factors into the greenness of a space. Because of the large and varied scope of this research, this rate is highly variable, as there were many differences between each site. In descending order of average ratios: Seongnam-si, 41.79% > Bucheon-si, 35.40% > Suwon-si, 30.42%. The data compared for each city was divided into study sites selected at downtown locations as well as in urban outskirts. Openness and greenness were analyzed at each downtown and outskirt site. A summary of the results shows a decreased openness average of -2.63% in downtown locations versus outskirt. The greenness ratios in urban outskirt areas were 4.86% greater than downtown locations on average. As it relates to the results of this analysis of openness, the comprehensive property zoning for each city was determined as a ratio of residential to commercial designations. This study analyzes view points within urban cross intersections in the downtown landscape. It presents basic data and research directions to promote a better environment with regard to openness, and consists of an analysis of the relationship between a variety of physical components.