• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1993.04a
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• pp.160-160
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• 1993

목적: Guinea pig heart의 ATP sensitive $K^{＋}$ channel xenopus oocyte에 발현시켜 연구하고져 본 실험을 행하였다. 실험방법: 기니픽 심장으로부터 ,RNA를 분리하여 50ng/$\mu$l의 농도로 50nl를 xenopusdp 주입하였다. Xenpus oocyte에서 conventional electrode를 이용 막전휘를 측정하였고, pH selective 미세전극으로 세포내 pH를 측정하였다. 막전위에 미치는 potassium channel opener, blocker, KCN의 작용을 관찰하였다. 결과: 기니픽 심장 mRNA를 주입하거나 주입하지 않은 xenopus oocyte에서 $K^{＋}$channel opener인 cromakalin, RP49356등은 과분극을 일으키지 못하였다. 그러나 세포내 ATP 감소제인 KCN은 농도 의존적으로 과분극을 일으켰으나 ,glibenclamide에 의해 차단되는 않았다. mRNA를 주입한 oocyte에서 Na-H 자극제인 NH$_4$Cl은 pH 변동을 일으켜 NA-H exchange를 expression 시켰다. 결론: Xenopus oocyte는 cromakalin등에 의해 open되는 $K^{＋}$channel 은 없었고, 기니픽 심근의 ATP sensitive $K^{＋}$channel로 expression 되지 않았으나 Na-H exchange 는 expression 됨을 알 수 있었다. KCN으로 open 되는 $K^{＋}$channel이 있었으나 glibenclamide에는 차단되지 않는 channel이였다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.237-243
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• 2001

This study was attempted to investigate the effects of cromakalim (CRK), $K^{+}$ channel opener, and glibenclamide (GLY), $K^{+}$ channel blocker, on intestinal function of rabbit. CRK supressed the tension and spontaneous movement of intestinal strips. CRK enhanced the tension and spontaneous movement of strips induced by acetylcholine. Also the inhibiting effect of dopamine was potentiated by CRK. GLY augmented the tension, but did not affect the spontaneous movement of strips. GLY inhibited tension and spontaneous movements in intestinal strips induced by acetylcholine, GLY blocked the dopamine-induced attenuation of tension, but not the decrease of spontaneous movements in intestinal strips. The present studies suggest that $K^{+}$ channel opening suppresses intestinal movements, whereas it's blockade enhances intestinal movements in rabbit.abbit.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.96-103
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• 2001

These studies were investigated about influence of SKP 450, a $K^{+}$ channel opener, on the pressor actions induced by norepinephrine, angiotensin II and carotid artery occlusion in rats. Before these studies, effect of SKP 450 itself on blood pressure was examinated. SKP 450 produced the depressor action in proportionaly to dose of 0.3, 1.0 and 3.0 $\mu$g/kg given intravenously and this depressor action was weakened by pretreatment of glibenclamide, a $K^{+}$ channel blocker. The pressor action induced by norepinephrine, an alpha-adrenergic agonist, was blocked 1 hr after administation of SKP 450 in a dose of 3.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, i.v. and directly after in a dose of 6.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, i.v.. The pressor action induced by angiotensin II was blocked immediatly after treatment of SKP 450 in a dose of 3.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, i.v.. The pressor action caused by carotid artery occlusion was not affected by SKP 450 of 3.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, i.v., whereas markedly blocked by SKP 450 of 6.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎦, i.v.. The potentiated-pressor actions of norepinephrine and angiotensin II by pretreatment of chlorisondamine, a autonomic ganglionic blocking agent, were also blocked by administration of SKP 450 in a dose of 6.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, i.v.. The weakened-pressor action of carotid artery occlusion by pretreatment of chlorisondamine was more weakened by SKP 450 6.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, i.v.. The results suggest that hyperpolarization formed through $K^{+}$ channel opening in cell membrane inhibits the pressor action induced norepinephrine ; angiotensin II ; and carotid artery occlusion.usion.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.507-515
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• 1996

Background : Potassium channel opener (K-opener) opens ATP-sensitive K'-channel located at cell membrane and induces potassium efflux from cytosol, resulting in intracellular hyperpolarization. Newly synthesized K-opener is currently examined for pharmacologic potency by means of rubidium release test from smooth muscle strip pre-incubated with Rb-86. Since in-vivo behavior of thallium is similar to that of rubidium, we hypothesized that K-opener can alter T1-201 kinetics in vivo. Purpose : This study was prepared to investigate the effects of pinacidil (one of potent K-openers) on the T1-201 uptake and clearance in cultured myocyte, and in-vivo biodistribution in mice. Methods : Spontaneous contracting myocytes were prepared to imitate in-vivo condition from 20 hearts of 3-5 days old Sprague-Dawley rat and cultured for 3-5 days before use ($5{\times}10^5$ cells/ml). Pinacidil was dissolved in 10% DMSO solution at a final concentration of 100nM or l0uM and was co-incubated with T1-201 in HBSS buffer for 20-min to evaluate its effect on cellular T1-uptake, or challenged to cell preparation pre-incubated with T1-201 for washout study. Two, 40 or $100{\mu}g$ of pinacidil was injected intravenously into ICR mice at 10 min after $5{\mu}Ci$ T1-201 injection, and organ uptake and whole body retention rate were measured at different time points. Results : Co-incubation of pinacidil with T1-201 resulted in a decrease in T1-201 uptake into cultured myocyte by 1.6 to 2.5 times, depending on pinacidil concentration and activity of T1-201 used. Pinacidil enhanced T1-201 washout by 1.6-3.1 times from myocyte preparations pre-incubated with T1-201. Pinacidil treatment appears to be resulted in mild decreases in blood and liver activity in normal mice, in contrast, renal and cardiac uptake were mildly decreased in a dose dependent manner. Whole body retention ratios of T1-201 were lower at 24 hour after injection with $100{\mu}g$ of pinacidil than control. Conclusion : These results suggest that treatment with K-opener may affect the interpretation of T1-201 myocardial images, due to decreasing thallium accumulation and enhancing washout from myocardium.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.648-652
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• 1999

Background: Bullectomy through a transaxillary minithoracotomy have been widely used in the treatment of primary spontaneous pneumothorax. Material and Method: From September 1997 to September 1998, 22 consecutive cases of those who underwent transaxillary mini thoracotomy with Finochieto rib spreader(group F) and 24 consecutive cases with Naruke thoraco-opener(group N) at Taegu Fatima Hospital were reviewed retrospectively to compare the clinical results of transaxillary minithoracotomy with different rib spreaders in the opera tive treatments of primary spontaneous pneumothorax. Result: There were no significant differences in operative time, hospital stay, postoperative hospital stay, the duration of the indwelling chest tube, and the number of postoperative recurrences and complications in the two group. CONCLUSION This technique may be useful in the operative treatments of primary spontaneous pneumothorax.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.44-52
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• 2000

SKP-450 which is $K^{+}$ channel opener, When given into duodenum, exhibited the decline of urine flow accompanied with the decrease of glomerular filtration rates (GFR), renal plasma flow (RPF), N $a^{+}$ and $K^{+}$ excreated in the urine ( $E_{Na}$ , $E_{K}$) and the increase of $K^{+}$N $a^{+}$ratios, and then appeared the significant fall of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and unchanged of reabsorption rates of N $a^{+}$, $K^{+}$ in renal tubules ( $R_{Na}$ , $R_{K}$). SKP- 450 injected into the vein elicited the decline of urine flow along with the reduction of $E_{Na}$ , $E_{K}$, and the increase of $R_{Na}$ , $R_{K}$ and $K^{+}$M $a^{+}$ ratios. SKP-450 administered into a renal artery produced diuretic action along with the increase of $E_{Na}$ , $E_{K}$ and the decrease of $R_{Na}$ , $R_{K}$ in experimental kidney, whereas produced the same aspect to intravenous SKP-450 in the control kidney. Above results suggest that SKP-450 possess both diuretic action in the kidney and central antidiuretic action in dog.tic action in dog.tion in dog.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.205-212
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• 2000

The effect of BRL 34915, a $K^{+}$ channe$Na^{+}$l opener, on renal function was investigated in anesthetized dog. BRL 34915, when given into the vein, elicited the decrease of urine volume accompanied with the reduction of renal plasma flow (RPF), osmolar clearance ($C_{osm}$) and amounts of sodium excreted into urine ($E_{na}$), whereas reabsorption rate of sodium in renal tubules ($R_{na}$), ratio of $K^{+}$ against $Na^{+}$ in urine ($K^{+}$ /$Na^{+}$) were elevated significantly with a partial fall of mean arterial pressure (MAP). BRL 34915 injected into a renal artery produced the diuretic action along with the increase in RPF $C_{osm}$, $E_{na}$ and amounts of potassium excreted in urine ($E_{k}$), and the decrease in $R_{na}$, reabsorption rate of potassium in renal tubules ($R_{k}$), free water clearance ($C_{H20}$) and $K^{+}/Na^{+}$ ratio in only ipsilateral kidney, however changes of the renal function were not observed in control kidney. BRL 34915 given into carotid artery exhibited the same aspect as changes of renal function induced by intravenous BRL 34915. These results suggest that BRL 34915 has dual effects, renally acting diuretic and centrally acting antidiuretic action.n.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.149-157
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• 1978

This study was carried out to obtain basic data for the type selection of furrow openers for the no-tillage soybean planter trailed by the two-wheel tractor from the standpoint of minimum draft and good performance of furrowing. For this study, two models of furrow opener, hoe and disc type, were tested on the artificial soil stuffed in the moving soil bin. The results obtained were as follows. In the case of disc furrow opener, the drafts were measured according to various diameters of discs under the condition of disc angle $8^{\circ}$ and $16^{\circ}$, working depth 3cm and 6cm, working speed 2.75cm/sec. Minimum draft appeared when the diameter of disc was about 28cm and the drafts increased as the diameter of discs became larger or smaller than this diameter. Specific draft showed almost same tendencies as above but showed the minimum when the diameter was about 30cm. For the purpose of controlling the seeding depth, the relationships between draft and working depths, 3cm and 6cm, were tested. The variations of draft concerning the various working depths showed linear changes and were affected in higher degree by depths than other factors. There were general tendencies at both working depths, 3cm and 6cm, that total draft showed the minimum with the disc diameter of about 28cm and specific draft showed it with the disc diameter of about 30cm regardless of disc angle and working speed. For the purpose of controlling the working width and speed, the relationships among drafts, disc angle and working speed were investigated and there were general tendencies that the draft increased as the angle and speed were increased and the draft was affected more by speed than by angle. To compare the hoe-type with disc-type opener, the specific drafts of hoe openers were compared with those of disc opener of $16^{\circ}$ angle and 30cm diameter. The specific draft of disc-type opener with the diameter of 30cm was $0.35{\sim}0.5kg/cm^2$, while $0.71{\sim}1.02kg/cm^2$ in the case of hoe type with the lift angle of $20^{\circ}$ which is 2 times as much as that of disc type in average value. And the furrows opened by disc openers were cleaner than those opened by hoe openers.

• CELLMED
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.2.1-2.4
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• 2018

A case of chronic dry cough which was tried to be treated through so many medications in a period of two months, responded very well to a simple ayurvedic remedy composing of a common formulation chosen as per the ayurvedic principles of pathogenesis and management. This case may be an eye opener to the concurrent ayurvedic clinical practice and invites ayurvedic practitioners to stick to their own principles of disease management for obtaining better responses.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.133.3-134
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• 2001