• The Korean Nurse
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.46-53
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• 1991

In the past, management had been done over nurses rather than nursing and this brought the existence of general manager and as a result, nurse-manager's position and role are being threatend. For the up-bringing of nursing to firm professional recognition in the 21st century, it is firmly believed that nursing managers are to be in the position to play the role of general manager with professional qualifications; personal qualities and exact understandings on the role and function of each tier group under her/his management. 124 top(3 nursing superintendents), middle-range(23 supervisors) and unit managers(98 head-nurses) from 3 university hospitals in Seoul were interviewed in order to investigate their belief in the role, professional qualifications, personal qualities as well as the strategy for the development of their leadership qualities. The frame of reference for the interview were developed by the researcher in reference to relevant literatures. It was the common belief that qualifications o[ top-managers and mid-managers require an educational background of master's preparation or higher and clinical career for at least 15 years for top-managers and 5 -10 years for mid-managers. The personal qualities required by nurse managers include; leadership, initiative, judgement, self-confidence, flexibility, open-mindedness and strong motivation. Achievment-orientedness would greatly help them become excellent managers. On the other hand, [or more effective management, managers of each teir group are to fully understand their role and perform "their job responsibilities ie. Top managers are supposed to study with emphasis on organization, function and conceptual s~ill while mid-managers concentrate their effort on the development of skills for direction, guidance and human relationship. Unit managers also supposed to have abilities to manage their function with emphasis on development of clinical performance skill, for direction on operative aspects. The strategies for the development of leadership qualities include program-planning at individual instutional level as well as local, national and international level. Nurse-managers are to be motivated and encouraged to participate in the programs in order to effectively communicate within tier groups.oups.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.149-170
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• 2014

Name authority control is important for not only library catalogers but also end users, since it provides uniform access points. The national libraries in Japan and the United States have constructed and controlled authority records for writers from early days, and have provided them on the web sites. The purposes of this study are to extract common fields and differences in Japanese writer's name authority records of the U.S. and Japan, and to propose the ways of desirable description of authority records in Korea. Several suggestions of building authority records in National Library of Korea such as open to the pubic of authority records, provision of various forms of authority files, suggestion of the ways of writing the names of foreign writers, and the links between the authority records and library catalogs for retrieval are proposed.

• 전자공학회논문지 IE
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.61-70
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• 2011

IEEE 802.11 wireless network supports control frames like RTS/CTS(Request To Send / Clear To Send). Because they is defend to frame collection problems. It helps to solve the frame collection problem but decreases the throughput rate. Also, control frame makes False Node Problem. This problem is makes to other wireless nodes don't work and don't find channels in the same cell and near cells. We proposed a reformed new control frame for efficiency throughput rate and solution of False Node Problem. New control frame is to have added to 4 bytes of channel detection ability at the RTS frames. Channel detection ability supported to check channel at the wireless node start to transmit data frame, We expect that channel detection ability make prevent False Node Problem for increase to access number to channel. We perform comparative analysis in terms of delay(sec) and load(bits/sec) with reform RTS/CTS method which proves the efficiency of the proposed method.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.91-97
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• 1990

Complementary DNA (cDNA) coding for human cytoplasmic superoxide dismutase (SOD1) (superoxide: superoxide oxidoreductase E.C.1.15.1.1) was isolated from human liver cDNA library of $\lambda$gt11 by in situ plaque hybridization. The insery cDNA gas the 5' untranslational region (UTR) and 3'UTR of SOD1 gene. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method was used fro subcloning of SOD1 structural gene. Using synthetic sense strand primer (24mer) containing a start codon and antisense strand primer (24mer), SOD1 structural gene was selectively amplified. Amplified DNA was directly cloned into the HincII site of pUC19 plasmid. Insery cDNA was subcloned into M13 mp19 and sequenced by dideowy chain termination method with Sequenase. The nucleotide sequence of insert cDNA had an open reading frame (ORF) coding for 153 amino acid residues. The structural gene of cytoplasmic SOD was placed under the control of bacteriophage $\lambda P_{L}$ regulatory sequences, generating a highly efficient expression plasmid. The production of human SOD1 in E. coli cells was about 7% of total cellular proteins and recombinant human SOD1 possessed its own enzymatic acitivity.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.218-221
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• 2005

The present study was investigated in the Chittagong hill forest of Bangladesh to assess the feasibility of ginger cultivation under multipurpose forest and fruit tree species. There were three treatments such as i) ginger grown under open field condition, ie. full sunlight (T1), ii) ginger grown under Gamar tree (spacing of $90{\times}90cm$ (T2) and iii) ginger grown under guava tree (spacing $180{\times}180cm$) tree (T3). The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) and each treatment was replicated three times. From data it was observed that some morphological parameters of ginger such as plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf length and leaf breadth were higher in the treatments T2 and T3 as compared to the treatment T1. A positive and linear relationship was observed between the weight of rhizome and yield of ginger which caused the highest yield of ginger ($23.63Mg\;ha^{-1}$) under guava tree species at partial shaded condition in the T3 treatment ($180{\times}180cm$), whereas the lowest yield ($15.64Mg\;ha^{-1}$) was recorded in the T2 treatment when ginger was cultivated under Gamar tree species at closer spacing ($90{\times}90cm$). Therefore, it was revealed that partial shaded condition favoured the optimum growth and yield of ginger, whereas the dense shade from intensively planted tree species badly affected the dry matter production and yield of ginger.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1998.10b
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• pp.113-113
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• 1998

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae UV irradiation and a variety of chemical DNA -damaging agents induce the transcription of specific genes, including several involved in DNA repair. One of the best characterized of DNA -damage inducible genes is PHRI, which encodes the apoenzyme for DNA photolyase. Basal-level and damage-induced expression of PHRI require an upstream activation sequence, UASPHRI. Here we report the identification of the UlvIE6 gene of S. cerevisiae as a regulator of UASPHRl activity. Surprisingly, the effect of deletion of UME6 is growth phase dependent. In wild-type cells PHRI is induced in late exponential phase, concomitant with the initiation of glycogen accumulation that precedes the diauxic shift. Deletion of UNIE6 abolishes this induction, decreases the steady-state concentration of photolyase molecules and PHRI mRNA, and increases the UV sensitivity of a rad2 mutant. The results suggest that UM E6 contributes to the regulated expression of a subset of damage-responsive genes in yeast. Furthermore, the upstream repression sequence, URSPHRI, is required for repression and damage-induced expression of PHRl. Here we show identification of YER169W and YDR096W as putative regulators acting through $URS_{PHRI}$. These open reading frames were designated as RPHI (YERl69W) and RPH2 (YDR096W) indicating regulator of PHRI. Simultaneous disruption of both genes showed a synergistic effect, producing a four-fold increase in basal level expression and a similar decrease m the induction ratio following treatment of methyl methanesulfonate(MMS). Mutation of the sequence ($AG_4$) bound by Rphlp rendered the promoter of PHRI insensitive to changes in RPHI or RPH2 status. The data suggest that RPHI and RPH2 act as damage-responsive negative regulators of PHRI. Surprisingly, the sequence bound by Rphlp in vitro is found to be $AG_4$ which is identical to the consensus binding site for the regulators Msn2p and Msn4p involved in stress-induced expression. Deletion of MSN2 and MSN4 has little effect on the induction$.$ ratio following DNA damage. However, all deletions led to a significant decrease in basal-level and induced expression of PHRI. These results imply that MSN2 and MSN4 are positive regulators of P HRI but are not required for DNA damage repression. [Supported by grant from NIH]om NIH]

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 2004

The Shihwa constructed wetland was established for the treatment of severely polluted water from Banwoul, Donghwa and Samhwa streams. This study was focused on investigating dynamics of phytoplankton communities in open waters and periphytic algae on reed (Phragmites communis) planting area at 5 stations from October 2001 to July 2002. The concentration of T-N and T-P of inlet stations from the streams were decreased by flowed through the wetland. However, the TN/TP ratios at all stations were shown as a little over 16 indicating that the T-P will play some role as a limitation factor. Phytoplankton communities were identified as a total 413 taxa which were composed of 375 species, 21 varieties, 2 forma and 15 unidentified species. Standing crops of phytoplankton communities and chlorophyll-a concentrations ranged from $330{\sim}36,420\;cells/mL$ and $2.5{\sim}170.7\;{\mu}g/L$ respectively, and showed the decreasing tendency after flowing through the wetland at almost all stations. Dominant species were 14 taxa at all stations which were Euglena oblonga and Synura spinosa etc. Periphytic algae on the reed were a total 329 taxa which were composed of 295 species, 13 varieties, 3 forma and 17 unidentified species. The species numbers were recorded in order of Chlorophyceae-Bascillariophyceae-Cyanophyceae-Euglenophyceae-Chrysophyceae. The relative abundance (%) was showed a seasonal variation from Cyanophyceae to Bascillariophyceae and to Chlorophyceae. Chlorophyll-a concentrations, ie. the biomass of periphytic algae were ranged from $5.5{\sim}363.8\;mg/m^2$. Dominant species were 16 taxa which were Lyngbya angusta of Cyanophyceae in the early investigation, and were changed to Stigeoclonium lubricum of Chlorophyceae, and Nitzschia plea of Bacillariophyceae etc. in the late. Species number, standing crops and chlorophyll-a concentrations of phytoplankton and perphytic algae were shown higher values at the inlet stations than the stations after flowing through the wetland.