• 대한치과마취과학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.227-232
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• 2014

The indication for submandibular intubation is the requirement for intraoperative maxillomandibular fixation (MMF) in the presence of injuries that preclude nasotracheal intubation. Thus, We reported 2 cased of endotracheal intubations via submandibular approach that is applicable in patients with skull base fractures for a reliable general anesthesia. Endotracheal intubation via submandibular approach was applied during general anesthetic procedures for open reduction in three patients with Le Fort II, III or nasoorbitoethmoid (NOE) fractures. No complications due to submandibular intubation, such as infection, postoperative scarring, nerve injury, hematoma, bleeding, or orocutaneous fistula, were observed following submandibular intubation. Endotracheal intubation via submandibular approach is effective in patients with skull base fractures. In our method, the tube connector is removed in orotracheal intubation in order to avoiding the tube removal or displacement. The advantages of this method are very simple, safe, and to provide the good operation field.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.4036-4043
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• 1996

When a high-speed railway train enters a tunnel, a compression wave is generated ahead of the train and propagates along the tunnel, compressing and accelerating the rest air in front of the wave. At the exit of the tunnel, an impulsive wave is emitted outward toward the surrounding, which causes a positive impulsive noise like a kind of sonic boom produced by a supersonic aircraft. With the advent of high-speed train, such an impulsive noise can be large enough to cause the noise problem, unless some attempts are made to alleviate its pressure levels. In the purpose of the impulsive noise reduction, the present study tested the effect of porous walls on the compression wave propagating into a model tunnel. Experimental results were obtained using a shock tube with an open end. The results showed that the cavity/porous wall is very effective for the compression wave with a large nonlinear effect. The porosity of 30% is most effective for attenuation and pressure gradient reduction of the compression wave front. Also the impulsive noise reduction increases with increasing the length and height of the cavity, compared with the tunnel equivalent diameter.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.385-390
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• 1986

Empyema is a severe infection encountered in the pediatrics. With advance of the antibiotics and chemotherapeutics, there was a marked decrease in number of empyema. Empyema complicated by staphylococcal pneumonia in infant and children has been distressing problem, and the management of this complication has been discussed repeatedly in the past. In Korea, tuberculous empyema is also troublesome. If empyema is localized within thick capsule, tube thoracostomy and closed drainage alone is unacceptable, and early open thoracotomy to eliminate the empyema has proved good result. A clinical analysis of 39 patients with thoracic empyema was done. They were managed surgical intervention at Dept. of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery at Kyung-Hee University Hospital from Jan. 1974 to December, 1984. 1. Age and sex distribution, infancy 9, early childhood 11. late childhood 9, puberty 10. The male to female ratio was 21:18. 2. The highest seasonal incidence was winter [21 cases]. 3. Cardinal symptoms were cough [76%], fever and chill [66%], and dyspnea [40%]. 4. The location of the empyema was right in 27 cases [69%] and 12 cases in left side. 5. The most frequent lesion to predisposing factor was pneumonia [67%]. 6. The commonest organism was Staphylococcus aureus in 15 [38%] cases, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 10 cases [26%]. 7. The surgical treatment was performed in all patients. The surgical procedure was closed tube thoracostomy in 25 cases [64%], decortication in 7 cases [18%], pulmonary resection in 4 cases [10%], and decortication with curettage in 2 cases. 8. One patient died from sepsis complicated by lymphoma and in one patient bronchopleural fistula was developed postoperatively.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.291-297
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• 2003

Al-brass is usually used as the tube material of vessel's heat exchanger for seawater cooling system because it has high thermal conductivity and good mechanical properties and high corrosion resistance due to cuprous oxide (Cu20) layer against seawater. However, Al-brass tubes of heat exchanger for vessel at the actual environment is reported that local corrosion such as stress corrosion cracking occurred by synergism effect between mechanical factor and corrosion environment In this paper, the effect of corrosion environment on the stress corrosion cracking of Al-brass in various NH4OH of 3.5% NaCl solution, under flow by constant displacement tester. Based on the test results, the behavior of polarization, stress corrosion crack propagation and dezincification phenomenon of Al-brass are investigated. The main results are as follows：(1) Increasing range of potential from open circuit potential to repassivation gets lower, as the contain rate of NH4OH gets higher. (2) As contain rate of NH4OH gets higher, SCC of Al-brass is become activation but the protection film(Cu20) of Al-brass is created in 3.5% NaCl solution. (3) According as content of NH4OH increases in 3.5% NaCl solution, the dezincifiction area is spread. It is concluded that dezincification occurred by localized preferential anodic dissolution at stress focusing region.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.456-459
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• 2004

16개월 된 남자 유아가 목욕탕에서 쓰러진 상태로 발견되었으나 신체 모든 부위에 타박흔적은 없었다. 점진적인 호흡곤란이 지속되어 타 병원에 내원하여 흉부 X-선 촬영상 오른쪽 가슴에 심한 수흉으로 확인되어 흉강 천자와 폐쇄식 흉관 삽입술을 시행하여 배액하였으나 하루 200 ㏄ 이상의 유미액이 배액되어 2003년 7월 17일 본원으로 전원되었다. 삽관 후 21일 이상 금식 등으로 치료하였으나 증상이 호전되지 않아 우측 소개흉으로 절개하여 흉관 결찰 수술을 시행하였다. 수술 후 우측농흉이 발생하였으나 항생제 투여로 수술 후 30일째 경과 양호하여 흉관을 제거하게 되었으며 수술 3개월 후 현재 경과 양호하여 보고하는 바이다.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2008년도 제31회 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.11-14
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• 2008

로켓엔진 연소기의 음향 불안정 억제를 위해 고안된 반파장 공명기의 음향학적 최적 설계 조건을 실험적으로 연구하였다. 표준 음향시험 절차에 따라 음향파관에 공명기를 장착하여 음향파 응답 신호를 측정하였다. 측정된 신호를 토대로, 흡음계수를 계산하였고, 이로부터 공명기의 음향감쇠 성능을 파악하였다. 연소실을 모사하는 음향파관의 직경을 변화시켰고, 각 음향파관에 대해 공명기의 최적 면적비를 구하였다. 공명기의 면적비가 최적 값을 초과할 때 과감쇠가 발생하였다. 연소실 직경이 증가함에 따라 최적 면적비가 감소하였고, 공명기 직경이 증가 할수록 더 작은 면적비에서 최적 흡음성능이 나타남을 알았다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.126-135
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• 1995

An exhaust muffler is one of the simple and effective means to meet the demand for a quiet vehicle, and it deserves a close attention to effectively reduce the engine noise. The transfer function technique is one of the tools that have been used to analyze the noise characteristics of the exhaust muffler. In this paper we obtained a transfer function using the forward-going and backward-going components of sound pressure in the exhaust muffler, which is compatible wiht lattice filter algorithm. This form of transfer function is obtained for the basic elements of a muffler, such as uniform tube, open termin- ation, closed termination, anechoic termination, expansion, contraction, extended-tube resonator, hole, Helmholtz resonator, and concentric hole-cavity resonator. The results are combined to produce the transfer function of various types of mufflers. With this transfer function we calculate the transmission and insertion losses of mufflers, and examined the effects of various design parameters. Comparisons were made between the calculation and experimental results, which showed a good agreement, and we conclude that the transfer function of lattice form can be used to analyze the noise characteristics of the exhaust mufflers.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.31-42
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• 2001

This study was done to evaluate the effect reducing artificial dead space on intubated children. Data were collected from July 1st, 1998 to August 31st, 1999. The subjects were selected from a pediatric intensive care unit of 'S' hospital and intubated with 3.5 mm or 4.5 mm endotracheal tube after open heart surgery. They were composed of 34 patients : 17 patients were assigned to the experimental group and the rest of them were placed in the control group. The artificial airway volume was minimized in the experimental group, and the control group maintained the artificial airway volume. ETCO2, PaCO2, SPO2 were measured as indicators of pulmonary ventilation. The tools of this study were GEM-Premier and Space-Lab patient monitors. The data were analyzed using the SPSS/PC+ program. The $\chi$2 -test was used to find general characteristics. The t-test was used to test the homogenety of the pulmonary ventilation status and mechanical ventilation setting before intervention between the two groups. Also, the paired t-test was used to examine the hypothesis. The results can be summerized as : 1. CO2 can be expelled effectively from the body in case artificial dead space was decreased. 2. As the artificial dead space was reduced, the difference between ETCO2 and PaCO2 was decreased, in other words pulmonary ventilation was improved. 3. If the artificial dead space occupied above 15 percent of tidal volume, the effect of CO2 was retention revealed in the body. 4. If the artificial dead space occupied below effect. Based on the results, the following is suggested to be applied practically : 1. A kind of the ventilator circuit acting artificial dead space should be removed from the intubated children with mechanical ventilaion. 2. The endotracheal tube should not be cut because extra-body space of the endotracheal tube did not have an effect on the dead space of the intubated children. Since the researcher could not cover this aspect in the study, they recommend the following. 1. The study should be extended to the other pulmonary disease patients for the effect of improving pulmonary ventilation. 2. Also, further studying with a more narrow interval in the extra-body space of the artificial airway will be able to explain the point of artificial dead space with proper ventilation.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.207-215
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• 2017

하도의 흐름 저항, 측벽 보정, 유사량, 하도 침식과 퇴적, 하도 설계 등의 수리학적 문제는 하상전단응력의 분포와 밀접한 관계가 있으나 하상전단응력 분포를 측정하는 것은 쉽지 않다. 본 연구에서는 간편하게 하상전단응력을 측정할 수 있는 프레스톤튜브를 이용하여 복단면의 하도의 하상전단응력 분포를 측정하고 수심비에 따른 전단응력분포 특성을 고찰하였다. 이를 위해 프레스톤튜브를 제작하여 검정실험을 통해 검정식을 개발하였다. 실험은 5가지 수심비 조건에 대해서 수행하여 전단응력분포를 측정하였다. 복단면 하도의 전단응력분포 특성은 기존 실험연구와 대체로 일치하였으며, 레이놀즈수 증가로 발생하는 전단응력의 변동성, 주수로 전단응력의 변곡점 형성, 홍수터 접합부 부근 전단응력 분포 특성 등에서 차이점을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통해 프레스톤튜브를 이용한 하상전단응력측정 적용성을 확인하였으며 레이놀즈수와 수심비에 따른 복단면 하도의 전단응력분포 특성을 제시하였다.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2001

개방형 기화기는 해수를 이용하여 열교환을 수행함으로써 액체상태의 액화천연가스를 천연가스로 기화시키는 역할을 한다 86년부터 가동된 U-tyre 기화기는 천연가스생산과 관련된 중요설비 중 하나로서, 기화기 튜브는 항상 해수내에서 운전되고 있으며 기화기 튜브와 파이프사이의 용접부에서 해수로 인한 부식이 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 용접부에서의 국부적인 부식원인을 찾기 위해 이종금속부식의 가능성을 평가해 보았으며 또한 비파괴적인 방법을 이용하여 부식피트의 깊이를 측정하고 유한요소를 통한 안전성 평가에 목적을 두었다. 이종금속부식가능성에 대하여 용접부 각 부위별로 시료를 채취하여 3.5$\%$(wt.) NaCl 용액내에서 모재와 용접부위의 부식전위를 측정하였으며, 비파괴 검사를 통한 잔류두께측정은 tangential radio-graphy 시험이 가장 신뢰성 있는 기법임이 확인되었다. 미세한 부식피트가 발생된 경우에는 표면형상 복제기법을 적용하였다. 비파괴적인 방법을 이용하여 산출된 부식피트의 깊이와 형상을 근거로 2차원 유한요소 해석을 수행함으로써 내압으로 인한 기화기 튜브의 안전성을 평가할 수 있었다.