• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.1084-1094
• /
• 1988

Conservative management of 3 iatrogenic perforations of intrathoracic esophagus was reviewed. The primary disorders were achalasia in 2 patients and congenital tracheoesophageal fistula in 1 patient. Perforation occurred after treatment of the primary disorders in the distal esophagus in 2 patients and mid-thoracic esophagus in 1 patient. All the perforations appeared late after the previous treatments and the inflammation spread to mediastinum and pleural cavity in all the 3 patients. Conservative management of esophageal perforation was carried out with intraluminal drainage from the perforated site of esophagus[insertion of Levin`s tube and continuous suction], pleural drainage and feeding of liquid diet through gastrostomy tube with Fowler`s position. The patients revealed spontaneous closure of perforated sites about 3 to 4 weeks after this conservative management without open thoracotomy. This result suggests that this conservative management may be accepted as therapeutic method in the thoracic esophageal perforations regardless of cause and time of the perforation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
• /
• 2004.10a
• /
• pp.364-368
• /
• 2004

Micro Cellular Plastics create a sensation at polymer industrial for lowering product cost & overcoming a lowering of mechanical intensity. This research based on the experiment of sound absorption & transmission characteristics inquire into acoustic property of Micro Cellular Plastics. This experiment clarify the change of cell foaming rate for foaming time and the change of sound absorption & transmission for foaming rate.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.42 no.5
• /
• pp.270-278
• /
• 2012

In the correction of dental Class III molar relationship in skeletal Class II patients, uprighting of the mandibular posterior segments without opening the mandible is an important treatment objective. In the case reported herein, a C-tube miniplate fixed to the lower labial symphysis and connected with a nickel-titanium reverse-curved archwire provided effective uprighting of the lower molars, without the need of orthodontic appliances on the mandibular anteriors. Using this approach, an appropriate magnitude of force is exerted on the molars while avoiding any negative effect on the mandibular anteriors.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
• /
• 2004.05a
• /
• pp.852-855
• /
• 2004

This experimental study describes the propagation characteristics of the impulse noise emitted from the exit of a straight pipe attached to the open end of a simple shock tube. The sound pressure level and directivity of the impulse noise propagating from the exit of pipe with several different diameters are measured in the far sound fold for the range of the incident shock wave Mach number between 1.07 and 1.26. The experimental results showed that the peak values of impulse noises had a strong dependance on the exit diameter of a pipe and the shock wave Mach number. The impulse noise had the directivity propagating toward to the pipe axis and the characteristics of inverse square law of propagation distance. Moreover, it was shown that the one-third octave band SPL of impulse noise was almost constant regardless of the frequency band.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.33-38
• /
• 2002

This paper deals with pressure ripple attenuation far separated-type Hydrostatic Transmission (HST) consisting ova variable axial piston pump connected in an open loop to a fried displacement axial piston motor. Pressure ripples in HST is major source of vibration which can lead to fatigue failure of components and cause noise. In order to reduce the pressure ripple, an annular tube tripe hydraulic filter is proposed to attenuate pressure ripples with the high frequencies components to achieve better noise reduction in HST. The basic principle of a hydraulic filter is allied to propagation of pressure wave, reflection, absorption in cross section of discontinuity and resonance in the hydraulic pipeline. It is experimentally shown that the hydraulic filter attenuates about 30∼40dB of pressure ripple with high frequencies. These results will assist in modeling and design of noise reduction in hydraulic control systems, and provide a means of designing a quieter HST.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.22 no.7
• /
• pp.946-955
• /
• 1998

Local condensation heat transfer coefficients in tubes were calculated by solving momentum and energy equations for annular film with liquid entrainment. The turbulent eddy distribution across the liquid film has been proposed and the calculated heat transfer coefficients were presented. Also turbulent Prandtl number effects on condensation heat transfer were discussed from three Pr$\_$t/ models. Finally, the calculated condensation heat transfer coefficients of R22 were compared with some correlations frequency referred to in open literature. This calculation model considering liquid entrainment predicted well the in-tube condensation heat transfer coefficient of R22 than the model not considering liquid entrainment. The effect of entrainment on heat transfer was predominant for high quality and high mass flux when the liquid film was turbulent.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2013.08a
• /
• pp.104.2-104.2
• /
• 2013

A residual gas analyzer (RGA) system has been developed in this laboratory. Characteristics of the RGA system parts such as ion source, quadrupole mass filter and sensitivity are introduced. Some efforts have been made to improve performance of the two types of ion sources, open ion source (OIS) and closed ion source (CIS). A metal mesh was placed onto the electron beam entrance of the CIS anode tube to block the filament field penetration. Sensitivity of the CIS ion sources with and without the mesh was compared by mass spectra of SF6 gas (97% He base) introduced into the CIS anode through a needle valve. About ten-times improvement in the RGA sensitivity was observed for the CIS with the mesh in the electron entrance. Computer simulation showed an axi-symmetric anode potential distribution and improved focusing of the electron beam inside the anode tube with the mesh.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.21 no.10
• /
• pp.1294-1302
• /
• 1997

For the purpose of investigating the impulsive noise at the exit of high-speed railway tunnel and the pressure transients inside the tunnel, experiments were carried out using a shock tube with an open end. A great deal of experimental data were obtained and explored to analyze the peak pressures and maximum pressure gradients in the pressure waves. The effects of the distance and cross-sectional area ratio between two-continuous tunnels on the characteristics of the pressure waves were investigated. The peak pressure inside the second tunnel decreases for the distance and cross-sectional area ratio between two tunnels to increase. Also the peak pressure and maximum pressure gradient of the pressure wave inside the second tunnel increase as the maximum pressure gradient of initial compression wave increases.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
• /
• 1995.11a
• /
• pp.171-177
• /
• 1995

추진기관 연소관 제작시 발생하는 결함등에는 주로 표면결함의 형태의 것이 많은데 연소관 설계시 이러한 결함들의 영향을 고려하는 것이 구조물의 안정성에 있어 중요한 요소가 된다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 연소관에 발생할수 있는 결함들에 대한 파단하중 및 파단압력에 대한 탄성 및 탄소성해석을 통하여 파괴 매개변수인 J적분을 유한요소 프로그램인 ABAQUS를 이용하여 3차원 비선형해석을 수행하여 5가지의 균열모델을 사용하여 평판, 양단개방 압력용기(open tube) 및 양단막힘 압력용기 (closed tube)의 파단하중하에서의 J적분의 영향을 분석하였다. 평판 결함시편의 J적분으로부터 압력용기의 손상허용설계를 할 수 있는 방안을 조사 하였으며 추진기관 연소관에 적용하여 발생가능한 크기의 결함에 대한 안정성을 조사한결과 충분한 안정성을 확보하고 있음을 알수 있었다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.64 no.3
• /
• pp.346-358
• /
• 2021

Secondary neurulation is a morphological process described since the second half of the 19th century; it accounts for the formation of the caudal spinal cord in mammals including humans. A similar process takes place in birds. This form of neurulation is caused by the growth of the tail bud region, the most caudal axial region of the embryo. Experimental work in different animal species leads to questioning dogmas widely disseminated in the medical literature. Thus, it is clearly established that the tail bud is not a mass of undifferentiated pluripotent cells but is made up of a juxtaposition of territories whose fate is different. The lumens of the two tubes generated by the two modes of neurulation are continuous. There seem to be multiple cavities in the human embryo, but discrepancies exist according to the authors. Finally, the tissues that generate the secondary neural tube are initially located in the most superficial layer of the embryo. These cells must undergo internalization to generate the secondary neurectoderm. A defect in internalization could lead to an open neural tube defect that contradicts the dogma that a secondary neurulation defect is closed by definition.