• Fibers and Polymers
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.250-258
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• 2005

The present paper is concerned with the influence of opening roller speed, drum speed difference and suction air pressure on properties of polyester and acrylic open-end friction spun yams. The results shows that the opening roller speed and the suction air pressure have considerable influence on the characteristics of polyester and acrylic open-end friction spun yams. In case of polyester yams the unevenness, imperfection and hairiness decreases and the yam tenacity increases with the increase in opening roller speed and suction air pressure. However for acrylic yams the unevenness and imperfections decreases and tenacity increases with the increase in opening roller speed and suction air pressure.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제65권3호
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• pp.198-206
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• 2008

연구배경: 폐쇄관을 이용한 기관내 흡인은 임상적으로 중한 환자에게 생리적인 이점이 있지만, 병원성 균주에 의한 기관지 내의 집락화가 증가될 수 있다는 보고가 있다. 비용증가는 폐쇄흡인의 또 다른 제한점이다. 본 연구는 폐쇄흡 인 및 개방흡인에 따른 병원균주의 집락화와 인공환기관련폐렴의 빈도와 가격효율성을 비교해보고자 시행되었다. 방 법: 각각 한 달의 간격을 사이에 두고 내과계 중환자실에 입원한 환자들을 대상으로 다중사용 개방흡인, 단일사용 개방흡인, 다중사용 폐쇄흡인을 순차적으로 시행하였다. 비용, MRSA의 기관지내 집락화, 인공환기폐렴의 발생 률을 분석하였다. 결 과: 106명의 환자가 연구 대상으로 포함이 되었고, 이 중 20명의 환자가 다중사용 개방흡인을, 42명이 단일사용 개방흡인을, 44명이 다중사용 폐쇄흡인술을 시행받았다. MRSA의 집락화와 인공환기관련폐렴의 빈도는 세 군간에 의미있는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 입원 일당 소모되는 비용은 다중사용 개방흡인이 $10.58, 단일사용 개방흡인이 $28.27, 다중사용 폐쇄흡인의 경우 $23.76인 것으로 나타났다. 결 론: 다중사용 폐쇄흡인을 매 48시간마다 교환하는 경우 MRSA 집락화와 인공환기폐렴 발생 빈도는 비슷하였고, 기관내 흡인술에 있어서 비용면에서도 효율적인 방법임을 알 수 있었다.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.141-154
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the difference of change in oxygen saturation, vital signs and suction time taken for the suctioning during endotracheal suctioning performed with closed suction system and with opened suction system. Methods: Data were collected from 31 adult patients with ventilator treatment who were admitted to a university hospital in Seoul and the collection period was from July 1 to November 15, 2005. Oxygen saturation, heart rate, respiration rate and mean arterial pressure were collected immediately prior to the suctioning intervention, during and 1 and 5 minutes after the suctioning from opened suction system and closed suction system. Results: 1) The difference in oxygen saturation was statistically significant in recovery time for oxygen saturation to return to baseline values after suctioning was significantly rapid on closed suction system (p<.05). 2) The difference in heart rate, respiration rate and mean arterial pressure was statistically insignificant 3) The suction time was shorter in closed suction system. Conclusion: Closed suction system is more efficient, as compared with the open suction system in the ventilator treatment.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2015

Recently, the cross flow turbines attract more attention for their good performance over a large operating regime at off design point. This study employs a very low head cross flow turbine, which has open inlet duct and has barely been studied before, to investigate the performance of the cross flow turbine with air suction from the rear part of the runner. Unlike conventional cross flow turbines, a draft tube is attached to the outlet of runner to improve the turbine performance. Water level and pressure in the draft tube are monitored to investigate the influence of air suction. Torque at local blade passage of three parts of runner is examined in detail under the conditions of different air suction. Consequently, it is found that with proper air suction in the runner chamber, the water level in the draft tube gradually drops to Stage 2 of the runner and the efficiency of the turbine can be raised by 10%. Overall, the effect of air-layer on the performance of the turbine is considerable.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.281-287
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• 2017

In the case of fixed offshore wind turbines, scouring phenomena have been reported around sub-structures as a result of currents, which seriously damage the structural stability. A parametric study of the various sub-structures of a fixed offshore wind turbine was performed to investigate their effects on the scouring phenomena. For a suction bucket foundation and monopile, the effects of the stick-up heights and water depth were studied, respectively. The open source libraries, called OpenFOAM, were used to simulate a violent flow around a foundation. The numerical methods were selected based on a two-dimensional analysis of a suction bucket. Based on the results for various stick-up heights, a larger scouring region was observed with an increase in the stick-up height because of the down-wash flow around a foundation. Based on the results for various monopile water depths, the water depth had an insignificant effect on the scouring.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.96-107
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• 2003

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of tracheal suction and the effects of different methods of bronchodilator inhalation (Ultrasonic nebulizer: MDI puff, MDI puff with spacer) in VSD surgery patients. Material & Method: From June 2001 to March 2002, sixty consecutive patients were randomly assigned to a control group (n= 15), ultrasonic nebulizer group (n=15), metered dose inhalation (MDI) puff group (n=15) and MDI with spacer group (n=15). Vital signs (HR, BP, CVP), ABGA and pulmonary functions were measured before suction (baseline for suction), after suction, 15 minutes after suction (base of bronchodilator inhalation), 30 minutes after bronchodilator inhalation, and 2 hours after bronchodilator inhalation. Stastistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. Repeated measure ANOVA was used to examine the effects of tracheal suction. One way ANOVA with Bonferroni's correction and multiple range test (the least significant difference test) were used to examine the effects of albuterol inhalation. Result: 1. Heart .ate increased significantly immediately after suction (p<.01) and recovered 15 minutes after suction. 2. $PaO_2$ and PH decreased significantly immediately after suction (p<.05) and $PaO_2$ recovered 15 minutes after suction. $PaCO_2$ increased immediately after suction and significantly 15 minutes after suction (p<.01). But changes in vital signs and ABGA were within the normal range. 3. Tidal volume decreased significantly 15 minutes after suction (p<.05). 4. Changes of HR and tidal volume were greater in the nebuizer group compared to the other groups (p<.05) 30 minutes after bronchodilator inhalation and recovered 2 hours after bronchodilator inhalation. 5. Changes of airway deadspace was greater in the nebulizer group compared to the control group and MDI puff group 30 minutes after albuterol inhalation (p<.05) and at 2 hours (p<.01). Conclusion: Tracheal suction did not have significant effect on vital signs and pulmonary functions after OHS. Although the methods of bronchodilator inhalation did not showed any significant difference on pulmonary function, the nebulizer method increased $PaO_2$ (20%) and tidal volume transiently. If the patient needs bronchodilator inhalation with bronchospasm after OHS, the nebulizer method is the best choice. More study on the effects of bronchodilator inhalation in bronchospasm group is needed.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.149-158
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted to compare effects of open and closed suctioning methods on lung dynamics (dynamic compliance, tidal volume, and airway resistance) and hypoxemia (oxygen saturation and heart rate) in mechanically ventilated patients. Methods: This study was a cross-over repeated design. Participants were 21 adult patients being treated with endotracheal intubation using a pressure-controlled ventilator below Fraction of Inspired Oxygen ($FiO_2$) 60% and PEEP $8cmH_2O$. Data were collected at baseline and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 10 minutes after suctioning. Data were analyzed using two-factor ANOVA with repeated measures on time and suctioning type. Results: Effects of the interaction between suction type and time were significant for oxygen saturation and heart rate but not significant for dynamic compliance, tidal volume, or airway resistance. Prior to performance of suctioning, tidal volume and oxygen saturation were significantly lower, but airway pressure and heart rate were significantly higher using the closed suctioning method as compared with the open suctioning method. Conclusion: For patients on ventilator therapy below $FiO_2$ 60% and PEEP $8cmH_2O$, open suctioning performed after delivery of 100% $FiO_2$ using a mechanical ventilator may not have as much negative impact on lung dynamics and hypoxemia as closed suctioning.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.175-181
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify endotracheal colonization and the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia related to the type of endotracheal suction system. Methods: The participants in this study were ICU patients hospitalized between October 2009 to March 2010 who used ventilators for over 48 hr with closed (CSS, n=30) or open (OSS, n=32) suction systems. To standardize the pre-intervention suction system, a suctioning protocol was taught to the ICU nurses. Collected data were analyzed using ${\chi}^2$-test, Fisher's exact test, Wilcoxon rank sums test, Wilcoxon test, Log-rank test and Poisson regression. Results: Endotracheal colonization was higher in OSS than CSS from day 1 to day 8 while using a ventilator and there was a significant difference between the two groups. The CSS reached 50% of endotracheal colonization by the 4th day, whereas for the OSS, it was the 2nd day (p=.04). The incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia showed no significant difference. Conclusion: For patients with a high risk of pneumonia, CSS must be used to lower endotracheal colonization.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to identify the proper changing time of tracheal suction catheter by examining the microorganisms inside after used The samples were the adult and the elderly patients who were in the intensive cane unit of one university hospital in Korea from the early December, 2002 to the end of May 2003. Since the patients needed tracheal suction, sterile catheter including other equipments were used whenever tracheal suction provided, to the experimental group. The sterile catheter with others was provided when the catheter repeatedly used for four hours, to the comparative group. Research was permitted by the head of hospital administration, hospital nursing department; microbiology and intensive care unit. The main results of the study are as follows. 1) The demographic characteristics between the two groups present statistically no difference. 2) Every the experimental group showed various kinds of microorganisms, the numbers of the kinds and carries of the microorganisms were less than those of the comparative group. 3) The mean numbers of the microorganisms between the two groups were significantly different, p < 0.05. This study results strongly emphasize the needs of using sterile catheter whenever a nurse suctions to keep patient's airway open.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.75-83
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• 2014

석션버켓기초는 펌프로 버켓 내부의 물을 외부로 배출할 때 발생한 압력차로 지반에 설치되는 기초이다. 버켓기초는 외해의 플랫폼이나 석유 가스 시추시설을 계류시키기 위한 앵커로 주로 사용되었으나, 최근 유럽을 중심으로 해상풍력발전의 기초로 적용되기 시작하면서 국내에서도 큰 관심을 받고 있다. 석션버켓기초의 관입저항력 산정은 석션버켓기초를 성공적으로 시공하기위해 고려해야 할 주요 사항 중의 하나이다. 본 연구는 석션버켓기초를 관입시킬 때 필요한 관입력을 평가하기 위해 실내모형실험을 수행하였다. 실내모형실험은 압입설치 및 석션설치에서 측정한 관입저항력을 관입성능평가에서 많이 사용되는 기존의 이론식과 비교하여 강도감소계수의 적절한 범위를 검토하였다.