• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국태양에너지학회 2012년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.153-159
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• 2012

In photovoltaic system, the characteristic of photovoltaic module such as open circuit voltage and short circuit current will be changed because of cell temperature and solar radiation. Therefore, a boost converter of the PV system connects between the output of photovoltaic system and DC link capacitor of grid connected inverter as controlling duty ratio for maximum power point tracking(MPPT). This paper shows the dynamic characteristic of the boost converter by comparing single-loop control algorithm and two-loop control algorithm using both analog and digital control. The proposed both compensation method has been verified with computer simulation and simulation results obtained demonstrate the validity of the proposed control schemes.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.186-194
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• 2001

To meet the challenge of testing increasingly complex automotive control systems, the real-time hardware-in-the-loop(HIL) simulation technology has been developed. In this paper, a strategy for evaluation of semiactive suspension systems using real-time HIL simulation is presented. A multibody vehicle model is adopted to simulate vehicle dynamic motions accurately. Accuracy of the vehicle simulation results is compared to that of the real vehicle field test and proven to be very accurate. The controller and stepping motor to adjust semi-active damper stage are equipped as external hardwares and connected to the real-time computer which has vehicle dynamic model. Open and closed loop test methods are used to evaluate a controlled suspension system and the system's operations are verified it is found that the proposed evaluation methods can be used well for the verification of semi-active suspension systems.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.691-699
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 유전체 공진기와 마이크로스트립 라인 간의 결합 구조를 개선시켜 저위상 잡음을 갖는 전압제어 유전체 공진기 발진기(Vt-DRO: Voltage-tuned Dielectric Resonator Oscillator)를 설계, 제작하였다. 설계된 발진기는 유전체 공진기, 위상천이기, 증폭기로 구성된다. 발진기의 위상 잡음은 공진기의 군지연과 밀접하게 관계되며, 이러한 관계를 수식적으로 도출하고, 이를 예측하는 방법을 제안하였다. 유전체 공진기와 마이크로스트립 라인간의 결합 구조를 조정하여 약 53 nsec의 높은 군지연을 갖도록 설계하였다. 각 부의 측정은 측정의 편의성을 위해 웨이퍼 프로브를 이용하였으며, 이를 위하여 각 부의 입출력 포트를 CPW(Coplanar Waveguide)로 설계하였다. 각 부를 연결하여 측정한 S-파라미터는 개루프 발진 조건을 만족하였다. 설계된 개루프의 입출력을 연결하고 폐루프로 구성하여 전압 제어 유전체 공진기 발진기를 구현하였다. 측정 결과, 5.3 GHz의 발진 주파수에서 위상 잡음은 수식으로부터 도출한 값과 근사한, 100 kHz offset 주파수에서 -132.7 dBc/Hz를 얻었다. 이때 출력 전력은 약 4.5 dBm, 전기적 주파수 조정 범위는 0~10 V의 조정 전압에서 약 5 MHz를 보였다. PFTN-FOM(Power Frequency Tuning Normalized Figure of Merit)은 약 -31 dB를 보였다.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.126-132
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• 2017

In this study, we designed, measured, and analyzed a rearranged L-shape magnetic resonance coupling wireless power transfer (MR-WPT) system for practical applications with laptops. The typical four resonator MR-WPT (Tx part: source loop and Tx coil; Rx part: Rx coil and load loop) is difficult to apply to small-sized stationary and mobile applications, such as laptop computers, tablet-PCs, and smartphones, owing to the large volume of the Rx part and the spatial restrictions of the Tx and Rx coils. Therefore, an L-shape structure, which is the orthogonal arrangement of the Tx and Rx parts, is proposed for indoor environment applications, such as at an L-shaped wall or desk. The relatively large Tx part and Rx coil can be installed in the wall and the desk, respectively, while the load loop is embedded in the small stationary or mobile devices. The transfer efficiency (TE) of the proposed system was measured according to the transfer distance (TD) and the misaligned locations of the load loop. In addition, we measured the TE in the active/non-active state and monitor-open/closed state of the laptop computer. The overall highest TE of the L-shape MR-WPT was 61.43% at 45 cm TD, and the TE decreased to 27.9% in the active and monitor-open state of the laptop computer. The conductive ground plane has a much higher impact on the performance when compared to the impact of the active/non-active states. We verified the characteristics and practical benefits of the proposed L-shape MR-WPT compared to the typical MR-WPT for applications to L-shaped corners.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.3-9
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• 2014

ECMA-392는 개인 휴대용 장치를 위한 최초의 CR (cognitive radio) 표준으로서, 2개까지의 전송 안테나를 지원하며 이를 위한 전송 다이버시티 기법으로는 개방루프 방식만을 지원한다. 본 논문에서는 ECMA-392 시스템을 위한 간단한 형태의 부반송파 그룹핑(sub-carrier grouping) 기반 폐루프 전송 다이버시티 기법을 설계하고자 한다. ECMA-392 시스템에 적합한 부반송파 그룹핑 방법을 제시할 것이며, 각각의 부 반송파 그룹에 대해 채널 환경에 따른 전송 안테나 선택 방법을 제안한다. 이때 피드백 정보량을 줄이기 위해, 채널 환경에 따른 전송 안테나 결정을 수신단에서 하고 결정된 전송 안테나의 인덱스 값만을 송신단에 보내주는 방식을 사용한다. ECMA-392 표준에서 제시하는 개방루프 전송 다이버시티 기법들과의 성능비교를 통해, ECMA-392 시스템에 폐루프 전송 다이버시티 기법의 도입 여부에 대한 판단 근거를 제시하고자 한다.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.94-103
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• 2019

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical feasibility of knowledge-based planning (KBP) for volumetric-modulated arc radiotherapy (VMAT) in spine stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). Methods: Forty-eight VMAT plans for spine SBRT was studied. Two planning target volumes (PTVs) were defined for simultaneous integrated boost: PTV for boost (PTV-B: 27 Gy/3fractions) and PTV elective (PTV-E: 24 Gy/3fractions). The expert VMAT plans were manually generated by experienced planners. Twenty-six plans were used to train the KBP model using Varian RapidPlan. With the trained KBP model each KBP plan was automatically generated by an individual with little experience and compared with the expert plan (closed-loop validation). Twenty-two plans that had not been used for KBP model training were also compared with the KBP results (open-loop validation). Results: Although the minimal dose of PTV-B and PTV-E was lower and the maximal dose was higher than those of the expert plan, the difference was no larger than 0.7 Gy. In the closed-loop validation, D_1.2cc, D_0.35cc, and D_mean of the spinal cord was decreased by 0.9 Gy, 0.6 Gy, and 0.9 Gy, respectively, in the KBP plans (P<0.05). In the open-loop validation, only D_mean of the spinal cord was significantly decreased, by 0.5 Gy (P<0.05). Conclusions: The dose coverage and uniformity for PTV was slightly worse in the KBP for spine SBRT while the dose to the spinal cord was reduced, but the differences were small. Thus, inexperienced planners could easily generate a clinically feasible plan for spine SBRT by using KBP.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.403-410
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 벡터제어에 필요한 유도전동기의 상수를 정지 상태에서 부가적인 신호 주입을 이용하여 추정하는 방법을 제안하였다. 농형 유도전동기 회전자 바의 표피효과를 수학적으로 모델링을 하고 분석하였다. 상수 추정을 위해 정지 상태에서 두 가지의 서로 다른 주파수의 신호를 주입한다. 전동기의 초기 상수를 알지 못하므로 개-루프 전압 주입방법 대신 폐-루프 전류제어 방법을 이용한다. 이 방법은 전기적 사고를 미리 방지할 수 있으므로 개-루프 전압 주입방법 보다 안전하다. 그리고 유도전동기의 상수 추정에 심각한 영향을 주는 위상지연효과를 보상하기 위한 오프라인 시험방법을 제안하였다. 그리고 제안된 상수 추정 방법의 타당성을 증명하기 위해 세 가지 용량의 유도전동기에 대해 실험을 수행하였다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.617-634
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• 1991

The retraction of anterior teeth is one of the fundamental methods in orthodontic treatment and a proper position and angulation of anterior teeth after the retraction are very important for esthetics, stability, and function of teeth. In this research we analyzed, by Finite Element Method, the stress distribution on the periodontal ligament according to the variation of force and moment applied on the crown and predict the pattern of movement of maxillary central incisor. At the same time, the amount of force and moment caused by activation of the loop which was used for retraction of maxillary central incisor was analyzed by Finite Element Method. We observed the following results: 1) We could control the stress distribution on the periodontal ligament by proper moment/force ratio on maxillary right central incisor and predict the pattern of movement of maxillary right central incisor. 2) The amount of stress on the periodontal ligament as well as the moment/force ratio demanded by each pattern of movement increased as the destruction of alveolar bone was worse. 3) The moment/force ratio demanded by each pattern of movement decreased as the angle between the maxillary central incisor and occlusal plane decreased. 4) The force with the open loop was shown to be large compared to that with the closed loop. Also, the force with the helix decreased by 30% compared to that without the helix. 5) Under the same conditions we observed a larger moment/force ratio when the open loop and/or the helix were used.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.586-592
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• 1999

We investigate the characteristic of 소데 responses of the Manabe standard form which is used recently for design of the controller. We obtain some theorems and these theorems have the properties of the relationship between the roots of the polynomial and the stability indices which are used for the Manabe standard form. The Manabe standard form has the following properties: The sum of the squal to zero, the sum of the reciprocal of the squared roots is greater than zero and the parameter $\tau$ is the negative value of the sum of the reciprocal of the roots. We compare the step responses of the Manabe standard form with those of the ITAE form, the dead beat response and Bessel forms. We choose the 6th order closed loop polynomial and keep the same settling time for the four forms. Under these conditions we find that the Manabe standard form have faster 90% rising time than the Bessel and dead beat response. We see that the ITAE, bessel and dead beat responses have some overshoot, whereas the Manabe standard form has none. We also compare the Manabe form with the other three forms for the controller design using the pole assignment technique. If the open loop transfer function is a type-1 system (transfer functions having one integrator), then, for the closed loop system associated with the open loop transfer function, the steady state error of the unit ramp input is obtained in terms of the parameter $\tau$ of the Manabe standard form.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.858-864
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• 2019

본 논문에서는 센서 유틸리티 네트워크에서 센서 노드들 사이의 주파수 차이로 인한 데이터 손실을 제거하기 위한 클록 시스템이 제안된다. 각 센서 노드를 위한 제안된 클록 시스템은 버스트 클록-데이터 복원 회로, 32-위상 클록을 출력하는 디지털 위상 고정 루프, 그리고 프로그래밍 가능한 개방형 루프 분수 분할기를 사용하는 디지털 주파수 합성기로 구성된다. 첫번째 센서 노드에는 버스트 클록-데이터 복원 회로 대신 능동 인덕터를 사용하는 CMOS 발진기가 사용된다. 제안된 클록 시스템은 1.2 V 공급 전압을 이용하는 65nm CMOS 공정에서 설계된다. 센서 노드들 사이의 주파수 오류가 1%일 때, 제안하는 버스트 클록-데이터 복원 회로는 기준 클록으로 5Mbps 데이터 속도에 대해 64배 체배된 주파수를 가짐으로 4.95 ns의 시간지터를 가진다. 설계된 디지털 주파수 합성기의 주파수 변경은 100 kHz에서 320 MHz의 주파수 범위에서 출력 클록의 한 주기 내에 수행된다.