• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.305-311
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• 2014

It is imperative to know the reproductive parameters of the existing swine breed for profitable farming in Bangladesh. This study was designed to determine the reproductive parameters of sows at hilly areas. A total of 245 pigs with 47 breedable sows were included. The data on age at puberty, oestrous cycle length, oestrus duration, gestation length, interval between furrowing and onset of oestrus, first service pregnancy rate, service per pregnancy and number of piglets born per sow in local and cross bred sows were determined. The present study revealed that age at puberty of local and cross breed sows was $232.5{\pm}8.4$, $221.3{\pm}6.9$ days, respectively. Oestrous duration was $41.1{\pm}3.1$ hours. The interval between furrowing and onset of oestrus was shorter in cross bred sows. There was no variation in values of oestrus cycle length and gestation length. The first service pregnancy rate was higher in both the local and cross bred sow. Number of piglets per sow per farrowing was $6.1{\pm}2.2$ and 60.9% local sows gave birth of 3 to 5 piglets per farrowing whereas 75.0% cross bred sows gave birth of 6 to 9 piglets. These results suggest that reproductive parameters of local sow need to be improved for better production, and cross bred sows should be reared for obtaining expected productivity.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.142-151
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• 2019

Purpose: The aim of the study was to identify factors related to the recurrence of intussusception in pediatric patients. Methods: The medical charts of patients diagnosed with intussusception and treated at Dongsan Medical Center, between March 2015 to June 2017, were retrospectively reviewed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Results: Among 137 patients, 23 patients (16.8%) had a recurrent intussusception and 8 of these patients (6%) had more than 2 episodes of recurrence. The age at diagnosis was significantly different between the non-recurrence and recurrence group (p=0.026), with age >1 year at the time of diagnosis associated with a greater rate of recurrence (p=0.002). The time interval from symptom onset to the initial reduction (<48 vs. ${\geq}48$ hours) was significantly longer in the recurrence group (p=0.034) and patients in the recurrence group had higher levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) (p=0.024). Bloody stools and a history of infection were significantly more frequent in the non-recurrence group (p=0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). On stepwise regression analysis, age >1 year at the time of presentation (odds ratio [OR], 4.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.56-14.06; p=0.016) and no history of infection (OR, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.06-0.58; p=0.004) were retained as predictors of recurrence. Conclusion: Patients with intussusception who are older than 1 year at diagnosis, have an elevated CRP level, a delay of ${\geq}48$ hours between symptom onset and the initial reduction, an absence of bloody stools, and no history of infection should be closely monitoring for symptoms and signs of a possible recurrence.

• Annals of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.159-167
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• 2022

Backgrounds/Aims: The optimal timing of percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD) and subsequent laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) according to the severity of acute cholecystitis (AC) has not been established yet. Methods: This single-center, retrospective study included 695 patients with grade I or II AC without common bile duct stones who underwent PTGBD and subsequent LC between January 2010 and December 2019. Difficult surgery (DS) (open conversion, subtotal cholecystectomy, adjacent organ injury, transfusion, operation time ≥ 90 minutes, or estimated blood loss ≥ 100 mL) and poor postoperative outcome (PPO) (postoperative hospital stay ≥ 7 days or Clavien-Dindo grade ≥ II postoperative complication) were defined to comprehensively evaluate intraoperative and postoperative outcomes, respectively. Results: Of 695 patients, 403 had grade I AC and 292 had grade II AC. According to the receiver operating characteristic curve and multivariate logistic regression analyses, an interval from symptom onset to PTGBD of > 3.5 days and an interval from PTGBD to LC of > 7.5 days were significant predictors of DS and PPO, respectively, in grade I AC. In grade II AC, the timing of PTGBD and subsequent LC were not statistically related to DS or PPO. Conclusions: In grade I AC, performing PTGBD within 3.5 days after symptom onset can reduce surgical difficulties and subsequently performing LC within 7.5 days after PTGBD can improve postoperative outcomes. In grade II AC, early PTGBD cannot improve the surgical difficulty. In addition, the timing of subsequent LC is not correlated with surgical difficulties or postoperative outcomes.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.62 no.5
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• pp.519-525
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• 2019

Objective : The circadian pattern of the onset time of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) has been reported by various authors. However, the effect of the degree of physical exertion on the circadian pattern has not been studied in detail. Therefore, we conducted this study to investigate the effect of physical exertion on the circadian pattern of aSAH. Methods : Of the 335 patients presenting with aSAH from January 2012 to December 2017, 234 patients with identifiable onset time and metabolic equivalent (MET) values were enrolled. The onset time of aSAH was divided into 4-hour intervals. The patient's physical exertion was then assessed on a scale between 1 and 8 METs using generally accepted MET values, and categorized into two groups-light exertion (1 to 4 METs) and moderate to heavy exertion (5 to 8 METs)-to determine the effect of the degree of physical exertion on the onset time distribution of aSAH. Multivariate analysis was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) between the two groups to determine the effect of the degree of physical exertion on each set of time periods. Results : There was a definite bimodal onset pattern that peaked at 08:00-12:00 hours followed by 16:00-20:00 hours (p<0.001). MET values at all time intervals were found to be significantly higher than the night time (00:00-04:00 hours) values (p<0.031). The MET value distribution showed a unimodal pattern that slightly differed from the bimodal distribution of the onset time of aSAH. There were no significant differences in the ORs of each time interval according to the degree of the MET value. Conclusion : This study reaffirmed that aSAH occurs in a bimodal pattern, especially showing the highest prevalence in the morning. Although aSAH could be related to daily activity, there were no significant changes in diurnal variations affected by the degree of physical exertion.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.114-124
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• 2021

Background: In this study, we aimed to investigate the interaction effects of individual socioeconomic status and regional deprivation on the onset of diabetes complications and diabetes-related hospitalization among type 2 diabetes patients. Methods: Korean National Health Insurance Service National Sample Cohort data from 2002 to 2013 were used. A total of 50,954 patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes from 2004 to 2012 and aged 30 years or above were included. We classified patients into six groups according to individual income level and neighborhood deprivation: 'high in advantaged,' 'high in disadvantaged,' 'middle in advantaged,' 'middle in disadvantaged,' 'low in advantaged,' and 'low in disadvantaged.' We calculated hazard ratios (HR) of onset of diabetes complication and diabetes-related hospitalization using the Cox proportional hazard model, with the reference group as diabetes patients with high income in advantaged regions. Results: In terms of the interaction effects of individual income level and regional socioeconomic level, even with the same low individual income level, the group with a high regional socioeconomic level (low in advantaged) showed low HRs for the onset of diabetes complication (HR, 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00-1.08) compared to the 'low in disadvantaged' group (HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.05-1.16). In addition, the 'high in advantaged' group showed slightly higher HRs for the onset of diabetes complication (HR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.00-1.11) compared to the 'low in advantaged' and it appeared to be associated with slight mitigation of the risk of diabetes complication. For the low-income level, the patients in disadvantaged regions showed the highest HRs for diabetes-related hospitalization (HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.19-1.41) compared to the other groups. Conclusion: Although we need to perform further investigations to reveal the mechanisms that led to our results, interaction effects individual socioeconomic status and regional deprivation might be associated with on onset of diabetes complications and diabetes-related hospitalization among type 2 diabetes patients.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2023

Background: A high incidence (40-73%) of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) has been reported following orthognathic surgery, and various risk factors have been associated with it. Identifying PONV risk factors based on initial onset time will help establish preventive measures. This study aimed to identify factors that are significantly related to PONV based on the initial onset time after orthognathic surgery. Methods: This study included 590 patients who underwent orthognathic surgery. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors that are significantly related to PONV. The objective variables were classified into three categories: no PONV, early PONV (initial onset time: 0-2 h after anesthesia), and late PONV (initial onset time: 2-24 h after anesthesia). The explanatory variables included relevant risk factors for PONV, as considered in previous studies. Results: Total intravenous anesthesia with propofol was a significant depressant factor for early PONV (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.340, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.209-0.555) and late PONV (aOR = 0.535, 95% CI = 0.352-0.814). The administration of a combination of intraoperative antiemetics (vs. no administration) significantly reduced the risk of early PONV (aOR = 0.464, 95% CI = 0.230-0.961). Female sex and young age were significant risk factors for late PONV (aOR = 1.492, 95% CI = 1.170-1.925 and unit aOR = 1.033, 95% CI = 1.010-1.057, respectively). Conclusion: We identified factors that are significantly related to PONV based on the initial onset time after orthognathic surgery. Total intravenous anesthesia with propofol significantly reduced the risk of PONV not only in the early period (0-2 h after anesthesia) but also in the late period (2-24 h after anesthesia).

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.25-29
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• 2020

Objectives: Heavy menstrual bleeding has a significant effect on women's daily life and health consequences for theirs. Attention to women's and girls' menstrual health is critical for their health. This study presents the results of a novel research on the effect of chamomile capsule on the amount of bleeding, and the duration and interval of menstrual cycles. Methods: The current study was a randomized, double-blind, clinical trial, which was carried out on 118 female students living in dorms of Guilan University of Medical Sciences. The participants were divided into two groups of 59, each receiving either chamomile capsule 250 mg or placebo three times a day, for an interval beginning from 7 days before the starting menstruation till the next onset. Higham chart is the pictorial blood loss assessment to determine the amount and duration of menstrual bleeding. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Alpha was set at 0.05 for all analyses. Results: The average amount of bleeding in the chamomile group decreased after taking the capsule (p = 0.001). However, statistical tests did not show any significant difference in terms of duration and interval between two bleeding in both the experimental and control groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The present study showed that the chamomile capsule decreases the amount of menstrual bleeding and can be used as a therapeutic method. Conclusion:The present study showed that the chamomile capsule decreases the amount of menstrual bleeding and can be used as a therapeutic method.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.132-140
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to determine the success rate of air reduction as the primary treatment of intussusception and whether the success of air reduction could be predicted by plain x-ray. The authors reviewed the medical records of 54 consecutive patients diagnosed with intussusception from Jan 2005 to Dec 2007 at the Department of Surgery, Masan Samsung Hospital. The natures of symptoms and findings of plain abdominal radiography performed in the emergency department (ED) were reviewed. Air reduction failed more frequently (26.3 %) in patients who visited ED more than 24 hours after symptom onset (p=0.009). The mean duration of symptom for operated patients was longer than air reduction group (p=0.01). Also, 3/4 of patients having localized distension of small bowel in the left upper quadrant abdomen had unsuccessful air reduction (p=0.002). In conclusion, the time interval from symptom onset to arrival at ED and localized distension of small bowel in the left upper quadrant abdomen significantly increased the failure rate of air reduction.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.765-771
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• 2000

Objectives : To evaluate the pain control effect of combination treatment of Oriental Medicine on patients who suffered from thalamic pain syndrome caused by thalamic stroke. Methods : We reviewed the medical records and brain imaging data of all patients with thalamic stroke from September 1998 to August 2000 who visited to Department of Oriental Internal Medicine, National Medical Center. We evaluated clinical features of thalamic pain syndrome, including incidence, onset interval from stroke, nature, pain distribution, and assessed the pain control effect of combination treatment by Visual Analog Scale(VAS). Results : 64 cases were selected under the inclusion criteria, and 17 patients(26.5%) with thalamic pain syndrome were identified from 64 thalamic strokes. VAS proved combination treatment effective to control pain of thalamic pain syndrome. In 12 cases(70.5%), pain onset was within the first week poststroke. The patients with allodynia were 6(35.3%). In 12 cases(70.5%), the lesion was mainly located in the posterolateral areas of thalamus. Conclusion : We conclude that combination treatment of the Oriental Medicine modalities have pain control effectiveness on thalamic pain syndrome.(t=-5.47, p=0.0001)

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.29 no.6 s.107
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• pp.515-520
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• 2004

A device far estimating the optimal artificial insemination time consisted of a computer, RS module, and six direct-reflex photo-sensors. Program was written in LabWindows CVI. In order to establish references for estimating optimal artificial insemination time, lying rate of the thirty three $Berkshire{\times}Hampshire crossbred sows (parity 5 to 6) was recorded from 2 days after moving into stalls to artificial insemination using a time lapse VCR and was measured every hour with one minute interval using the scan point sampling method. Twenty low hours in a day were divided into three comparing periods : 21:00 to 06:59, 07:00 to 13:59, and 14:00 to 20:59. If sum of the percentages of tying during a comparing period was less than the reference value, the starting hour of the comparing period was considered as onset of estrus and the optimal artificial insemination time was estimated at 20 to 24 hours after onset of estrus. The experimental device was evaluated with twenty five $Berkshire{\times}Hampshire$ crossbred sows (parity 2 to 7) and 23 of 25 sows $(92\%)$ were pregnant. This result suggests that the experimental device is excellent in performance for estimating optimal artificial insemination time.