• 품질경영학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.194-204
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• 2003

It is very important to understand and interpret the meaning of the sigma level correctly through the Six Sigma project. Especially, the confusion over the relation between sigma level from the short-term point of view and defective proportion or DPMO from the long-term point of view may make a big gap between expected results of the Six Sigma project and real results in the field. The one-tail approximation is commonly used to calculate the sigma level both in most literatures introducing Six Sigma and actual cases of the Six Sigma project. Since the one-tail approximation undervalues the sigma level of the fields such as business and service of which the sigma level is generally low, however. there can be misleading results of the explanation of the sigma level and inappropriate project evaluation. This paper describes the relation between sigma level and defective proportion in detail and clears the difference between the one-tail and two-tail approximation.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.189-201
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• 1996

In this paper, we study the saddlepoint approximations for the ratio of independent random variables. In Section 2, we derive the saddlepoint approximation to the density. And in Section 3, we derive two approximation formulae for the tail probability, one by following Daniels'(1987) method and the other by following Lugannani and Rice's (1980). In Section 4, we represent some numerical examples which show that the errors are small even for small sample size.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.336-346
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• 1995

In many problems concerned with statistical inferences, it will be of interest to compute tail areas rather than densities. But, it is often hard to calculate the exact tail probability. Saddlepoint approximation formula to the tail probability of a smooth function of random cector is developed by DiCiccio and Martin(1991). Applications of this method to stress-strength model are considered in this paper. To obtain the generalized p-values suggested by Tsui and Weerahandi(1989), we need to calculate complicated multiple integration. However, DiCiccio and Martin's(1991) results offer a convenient method to approximate these very accurately. For many artificial data sets, we access the accuracy of DiCiccio and Martin's by comparing the approximate value with the exact one.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.29-36
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• 1999

분할표 분석에서 승산비 (odds ratio)에 대한 추론은 중요하다. 이에 대한 정확한 추론은 비중심초기하(noncentral hypergeometric) 분포의 누적확률등의 계산이 요구되어 표본의 크기가 클 경우 많은 양의 계산과 계산시간이 요구되므로 StatXact 등의 프로그램을 이용하는 것이 일반적이다. 본 논문에서는 정확한 추론에 대한 대안적 방법으로 안부점 근사(saddlepoint approximation)의 결과를 이용한 점근적 추론법을 제시하였다. 이 방법은 비교적 소표본의 경우에도 정확한 추론의 결과와 일치하며, 기존의 정규근사를 이용한 방법에 비해 매우 뛰어난 정확도를 유지함을 예제를 통해 확인하였다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2006

자유도 수가 많은 고층 구조물의 해석하기 위해 모든 층에 sensors를 설치하는 것은 비 실용적이다. 따라서 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 "reduced-order control" 방법이 소개되었다. 본 논문은 동적압축법(dynamic condensation method)이 제안되었다. 이 압축법은 반복법으로 "Guyan condensation"의 initial approximation을 적용하였다. 본 논문에서 제시된 동적압축법(dynamic condensation)은 원하는 값을 얻을 때까지 지속적으로 updated가 되며, 결과는 기존의 "Guyan condensation"보다 정확한 결과를 나타내었다. 또한 "eigenvalue shifting technique"을 적용하여 iteration으로 계산되는 시간을 크게 단축하였다. "Reduced-order system"을 도입하기 위한 두가지 schemes이 토의되었다. 제시된 동적압축법 효과의 증명을 위해 능동 동조질량감쇠 고층빌딩의 수치 해석이 토의되었고, 단지 두 번의 반복(iterations)을 통한 결과는 매우 정확한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국유변학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국유변학회 2006년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.81-84
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• 2006

Slot coating process, in continuous and patch modes, has been applied for the many precise coating products, e.g., flat panel displays and second batteries. However, manufacturing uniform coating products is not a trivial task at high-speed operations because various flow instabilities or defects such as leaking, bubbles, ribbing, and rivulets are frequently observed in this process. It is no wonder, therefore, that many efforts to understand the various aspects of dynamics and coating windows of this process have been made both in academia and industry. In this study, as the first topic, flow dynamics within the coating bead in slot coating process has been investigated using the one-dimensional viscocapillary model by lubrication approximation and two-dimensional model by Flow-3D software. Especially, operability windows in both 1D and 2D cases with various slot die lip designs have been successfully portrayed. Also, effects of process conditions like viscosity and coating gap size on slot coating window have been analyzed. Also, some experiments to find minimum coating thickness and coating windows have been conducted using slot die coater implemented with flow visualization device, corroborating the numerical results. As the second topic, flow dynamics of both Newtonian and Non-Newtonian fluids in patch or pattern slot coating process, which is employed in manufacturing IT products such as secondary batteries, has been investigated for the purpose of optimal process designs. As a matter of fact, the flow control in this system is more difficult than in continuous case because od its transient or time-dependent nature. The internal die and die lip designs for patterned uniform coating products have been obtained by controlling flow behaviors of coating liquids issuing from slot. Numerical simulations have been performed using Fluent and Flow-3D packages. Flow behavior and pressure distribution inside the slot die has been compared with various die internal shapes and geometries. In the coating bead region, efforts to reduce irregular coating defects in head and tail parts of one patterned coating unit have been tried by changing die lip shapes. It has been concluded that optimal die internal design gas been developed, guaranteeing uniform velocity distribution of both Newtonian and shear thinning fluids at the die exit. And also optimal die lip design has been established, providing the longer uniform coating layer thickness within one coating unit.