• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.155-164
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• 2017

While many countries are implementing various policies regarding the logistics network in Eurasia, China has presented "the Belt and Road" Initiative, a development strategy that focuses on connectivity and close cooperation between China and Eurasia. With more than 60 countries participating in the project, China is expected to have a major influence on logistical infrastructure development in Eurasia. This study analyzed the railway stations network using social network analysis (SNA) methodology. We collected data from major railway lines in Eurasia (TAR, TEN-T, TRACECA, GMS) and established a network of 994 railway stations in 65 countries. This study presented the general characteristics of major railway stations from the perspective of SNA and compared the Chinese network with Eurasian networks. To review the railway networks in China and Eurasia, the top 30 stations were selected based on degree centrality and betweenness centrality. Top "degree centrality" stations included Bangkok (Thailand), Tbilisi (Georgia), Baku (Azerbaijan), Kunming (China), and Bucharest (Romania). Top "betweenness centrality" stations were Baku and Alyat (Azerbaijan), Baoji and Turpan (China), Qarshi (Uzbekistan), and Kas (Turkey). In China, Kunming, Nanning, and Gejiu stations have higher degree centrality while betweenness centrality was higher in Baoji, Kunming, and Lanzhou stations. "The Belt and Road" project advocated by China envisions expansion of transportation infrastructure connections throughout Eurasia, but more emphasis is likely to be placed on connectivity that benefits China. In this regard, studies on key bases of international logistics need to consider relative significance within the Chinese network.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.61-74
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• 2004

The study was to investigate and compare plants and frequency of appearing species of vegetation transect in a straight and a restoration Section of Bulgwang stream in Seoul. Some part of Bulgwang stream was restored as a closed-to-nature stream. This present study consists of two investigations, the first investigation being conducted on May and the second one on August -September 2003. Based on the analysis of the data collected from both investigations, this study classified and listed all of the plants appeared in a straight and a restoration section of the stream. The study used the Belt-transect method in order to examine and analyze discover the appearance frequency of the vegetaton transect per 200 meters. During the period of the first investigation and the second one, plants of 33 families, 73 classes, and 88 species appeared in the straight section, while plants of 36 families, 76 classes, and 90 species appeared in the restoration section. The Naturalized Index of the straight section was 22.7％, and that of the restoration section was 21.1％. As shown on the results indicating that the Urbanization Index of the straight section was 7.8％, and that of the restoration section was 7.4％, the Urbanization Index of the straight section was slightly higher than the restoration section. The results using belt-transect analysis method showed that in case of the straight section, the plants of the highest appearance frequency on the riverside were Persicaria hydropiper and Humulus japonicus. On the contrary, in the case of restoration section, the plants showing a higher appearance frequency on the riverside were identified as Salix gracilistyla, Persicaria hydropiper, Rumex crispus, and Humulus japonicus. In conclusion, there was no difference between the straight and the restoration section in the bank with regard to vegetation transect. However, a remarkable difference was found on the riverside for the Salix gracilistyla which was introduced in the restoration section.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.91-104
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• 2010

Korea's stone buildings are varied in their types such as stone pagodas, stone lanterns, stone bridges, stoneworks, etc. These account for more than 30% over the entire cultural properties, but research achievements are lacking compared to wooden buildings. Accordingly, this study aims to identify the shape, role and transition of Tapgu, which had been used to set up boundary at a stone pagoda, one of the stone buildings. The 20th stone pagodas, which have relative accuracy in its forming year, have been studied around national treasure or treasure between 7th century and 9th century. There are a lot of different opinions about the role and meaning of Tapgu, and at this writer's option, Tapgu is defined as follows: First, each structure plays a different role. A structure to pass the load in the upper part to the ground can be seen as a stair or a pedestal, but a structure to form double foundations can be considered as Tapgu. Second, Tapgu can be used to divide areas with stones or stepping stones. As a result, the shape, role and transition of Tapgu is as follows: Firstly, when it comes to its shape, Tapgu includes flagstone type, belt type, double foundation type, compound type. Flagstone type had been used to set up boundary at stone pagodas by using foundation stone, belt type by keeping apart from stone pagodas, and double foundation stone by installing dual foundation stones. Secondly, Tapgu is considered to set up boundary in the case of flagstone and plate stone, and acts like a structure which can prevent surrounding area of stone pagoda from coming up while being stuck around stone pagodas. Belt type was installed only for the purpose of forming boundary. At the bottom, double foundation stone had been used to pass the load in the upper part to the ground in the same way as the foundation stone in the upper part, and the boundaries were set varying the size. Thirdly, when it comes to the transition of Tapgu, flagstone type of boundary stone had been installed in the 7th century, and belt type of boundary stone had been mainly installed in the 8th century. And double foundation stone had been installed in the 9th century. Comprehensively, flagstone type and belt type had been made around the 7th and 8th century when Tapgu was regarded important and stone pagoda started to be built. At the turn to the 9th century, the role of Tapgu had been increasingly losing in the construction of stone pagoda, and foundation stone started to appear.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.32
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• pp.31-43
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• 1997

The costumes on a royal ceremony and the changes thereafter during the Korea Empire(1897-1910) have been elucidated through the review on the paintings on Queen Myong-Hun's 70th birthday celebration and the prospectus of the ceremony. Queen Myong-Hyn wore ceremonial gown in deep blue with 51 embroidered phoenix on it. The deep blue color the royal color in the Korea Empire replaced former red color. Go-jong wore violet crown and ceremonial suit in gold color. Twenty one kinds of court dance were offered during the celebration ceremony. Costumes therein appear to have an order according to the role ofdancers. most female dancers(in 17 performances not else-where specified) wore a rather common cos-tume-flower cap outer silk garent in green hand veils in 5 colors silk skirt in red) embroidered silk belt in red and shoes in green. In Sun-you-ak two female lead dancers were red hat decorated with tiger whisker deep blue outer garment wide red belt silk boots in black bow and arrows on back and a sword and a whip in hands. In Choonaang-jon a fe-male solo dancer wore a silk outer garment in yellow silk skirt in red green lorum embroidered silk belt in red wrist band of gold embroidered red silk and 5 color hand veils. In Yon-wha-dae two young girl dancers wore lotus-form crown green outer garment wide pants in red silk red silk skirt red silk belt hand veils in jade color and silk shoes in deep red. In Moo-go 4 female dancers each wore long waist coat in blue red white and warm light green in addition to the above-mentioned common costume. In Gumkee-moo 4 female dancers wore hatlike wool helmet outer garment with narrow sleeve long silk waist coat in blue combat belt in deep blue silk and dance swords in both hands. In Youk-wha-dae 6 female dancers each wore a long waist cost in red deep blue violet pale pink green and jade color. Green color of outer garment in the above-mentioned common costume of female dancers appears intersting. Although the color was shown as yellow in the screen paintings actually it was green as evidenced by the prospectus of the celeebration ceremony.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.37-47
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• 2009

For the inspection of wood, machine vision is the most common automated inspection method used at present. It is required to sort wood products by grade and to locate surface defects prior to cut-up. Many different sensing methods have been applied to inspection of wood including optical, ultrasonic, X-ray sensing in the wood industry. Nowadays the scanning system mainly employs CCD line-scan camera to meet the needs of accurate detection of lumber defects and real-time image processing. But this system needs exact feeding system and low deviation of lumber thickness. In this study low cost CCD area sensor was used for the development of image processing system for lumber being fed. When domestic red pine being fed on the conveyer belt, lumber images of irregular term of captured area were acquired because belt conveyor slipped between belt and roller. To overcome incorrect image merging by the unstable feeding speed of belt conveyor, it was applied template matching algorithm which was a measure of the similarity between the pattern of current image and the next one. Feeding the lumber over 13.8 m/min, general area sensor generates unreadable image pattern by the motion blur. The red channel of RGB filter showed a good performance for removing background of the green conveyor belt from merged image. Threshold value reduction method that was a image-based thresholding algorithm performed well for knot detection.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.69-78
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• 2021

The development of smart healthcare wearables for health is accelerating. Among them, many wearable products using EMS electrical stimulation, which is one of the active research fields, have been released. However, the EMS wearable, which has been studied or released, is released in a comprehensive full-body suit that does not focus on muscle segmentation or a belt that covers the entire abdomen. Therefore, this study intends to use two breathing methods by applying an EMS pattern that subdivides specific muscles and attach a stretch sensor that can measure breathing to the abdominal pressure belt. The measurement method was conducted by inhaling and exhaling, and the subjects were 10 men in their 20s with healthy bodies. As a result of this study, the sensor's sensitivity was 5 and 3 mm, and the basic sensor in both thoracic and abdominal breathings and the EMS abdominal pressure belt showed improved respiration activation after applying electrical stimulation before and after application. It is concluded that, because of the two patterns produced based on the physical function, the difference in respiration activation effect and sensitivity between sensors could be confirmed with three sensors rather than not applying electrical stimulation suitable for the respiration method. Based on the results of this study, a follow-up study aims to develop breathing smart clothing that can be monitored in real time in clothing-type wearable products that incorporate EMS patterns and stretch sensors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.49
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• pp.5-24
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• 1999

The results from the consideration of this are as follows. 1. Various kindes of entertainments were beganed by common peoples of old china. 2. From the Han dynasty Various kindes of entertainments are devided into the classic dance and music which was performed courtesy ceremonial meetings of ancient china. 3. Traditional drama dance and musics performed art by artist of old china was called collectively "Various kindes of Entertainments(百戱)" 4. After unification of Han dynasty many commercial men and artist come from western to China therefore western music dance and drama acrobatic magic flowered into the old china so "Various kindes of Entertainments(百戱)" items was abundant. "Various kindes of Entertainments(百戱)" items as follows: 1) dramas 2) horsemanships. 3) acrobatics 4) magics 5) masked dramas. 5. "Various kinds of Entertainments" artist's costumes as follows: 1)For mens: *Old-china's "Various kindes of Entertainments" artist's costumes of Han-dynasty was Chin hyun-Kwan(진현관) right handed neck collor long coat narrow trousers belt just simmillar is official's dress of Han dynasty. *Various kindes of Entertainments(百戱)" artist's costumes of Westerner's dress is high top hats, lace trimminged round-necklong coat trimminged belt narrow trousers. *Another weaterner's dress is long striped patterned knee-lengh coat narrow trousers *opened top body and wearing narrow pantaloon short skirt short trousers. 2) For females: (1) Hair style is high top hair style twin high top hair style birds hair decorated high top hair style ribbon dressed high top hair style (2) Dress is knee-lengh one-piece west0-lengh jaket and knee-lengh skirt one-piece and short trousers scarf hart sleeved jaket narrow pantallons. "Various kindes of Entertainments(百戱)" artist's costumes influenced from royal families costumes to common peoples costumes without concern of that one's social positionon peoples costumes without concern of that one's social position.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.109-125
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• 2000

As the result of the study of this thesis, the costume of Palhae and Shilla shows the many similarity. 1. The two centuries introduced the system of four-colored official uniform. This official uniforms are BokDoo(복두), DanLyung(團領) and Dae(帶). BanLyung of Palhae are GyulGoPo(결과포), leather belt and that of Shilla are GyulGoPo, YuLanPo(유란포), KwaDae(과대) Similarly BokDoo shows the long Gak(脚) in back. 2. Yu(유) and Ko(袴), the native costumes have worn even after the period of the three countries. 3. The two countries wore DanLyung. A man In Palhae wore GyulGoPo(결과포), leather belt and a man in Shilla wore GyulGoPo, YuLanPo(유란포), KwaDae(과대). 4. A woman in Palhae wore SangEui(上衣), Sang(裳), JikLyung(直領) one by one. And over Sang wrapped PoBaekDae(布帛帶) and covered the shoulder by UnGyun(雲肩). A woman in Shilla wore SangEui, Sang, PoBaekDea one by one and covered the shoulder by Pyo(표). 5. The two countries put on Rib(笠) and similary shoes. Rib insists of Moche(帽體), ChaYang(次養) and can classify the estate by decoration. A man wore Wha(靴), Li(履) and a woman wore KoDooLi(高頭履). This similarity is the result by the cultural interchange between Palhae and Shilla. There are the five reasons. Interchange by the envoy's visit. Interchange through Shillado(新羅道), Interchange in T'ang Dynasty, Interchange in Japan, Interchange of Buddhist culture. By the cultural interchange between Palhae(渤海) and Shilla(新羅), the shape of costume is similary. The meaning of this similarity of costume equals to the similarity of culture. We will approval Palhae is the co-subject of Korean history with Shilla and will name as "The period of NamBukKuk(南北國時代)" from the late 7th century to the early 10th century in the academy of the history of Korean Costume.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2012

The pelvic compression belt (PCB) contributes to improving sacroiliac joint stability, and it has been used as an additional therapeutic option for patients with sacroiliac joint pain (SIJP). This study aimed to investigate whether the muscle activation patterns of the supporting leg was different between asymptomatic subjects and subjects with SIJP during one-leg standing, and how it changes with the PCB. 15 subjects with SIJP and 10 asymptomatic subjects volunteered to participate in this study. Surface electromyography (EMG) data (reaction time [RT] and muscle activation) were collected from the internal oblique, lumbar multifidius, gluteus maximus and biceps femoris muscles during one-leg standing with and without the PCB. Without the PCB condition, in the SIJP group, the biceps femoris muscle showed the fastest RT among all muscles (p<.05), whereas in the asymptomatic group, the RT of the internal oblique muscle was the most rapid (p<.05). In condition without the PCB, the biceps femoris EMG amplitudes in the SIJP group were significantly greater than that in the asymptomatic group (p<.05). After the application of the PCB, the RT of the biceps femoris muscle was significantly increased only in the SIJP group (p<.05). Moreover, the biceps femoris EMG amplitudes significantly decreased and the gluteus maximus EMG amplitudes significant increased only in the SIJP group by applying the PCB (p<.05). However, this had no such effect on the gluteus maximus and biceps femoris EMG patterns in the asymptomatic group (p>.05). Thus, this study supports the applying the PCB to patients with SIJP can be used as a helpful option to modify the activation patterns of the gluteus maximus and biceps femoris muscle.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.323-330
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• 2011

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of using a pressure bio-feedback unit (PBFU) and a pelvic belt (PB) on the electromyographic (EMG) signal amplitude of the gluteus medius (Gmed) and the quadratus lumborum (QL) during hip abduction exercise when lying on the side. Methods : Twenty able-bodied volunteers (10 male, 10 female) were recruited for this study. The EMG signal amplitude was randomly measured during hip abduction with preferred hip abduction (PHA), with PBFU, and with PB. The surface EMG signal was recorded from the Gmed and the QL. Data were analyzed using a one-way repeated ANOVA. Results : Muscle activity of Gmed was significantly higher in PBFU and in PB than in PHA (p<.05). There were no significant difference between PBFU and PB(p>.05). Muscle activity of the QL was significantly lower in PB than in PHA(p<.05). The Gmed/QL muscle activity ratio was also significantly higher in PBFU and in PB than in PHA(p<.05), with no significant difference between PBFU and PB (p>.05). Conclusion : Based on these findings, using a PBFU and a PB is an effective method to disassociate QL use from Gmed use during hip abduction exercises when lying on the side.