• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.74-82
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• 2001

This paper sets out what can be said in general about pricing within transport sectors. In this paper we briefly restate the economic principles of pricing that hold for two transport sectors-road and rail. This is used as a basis for a discussion of pricing principles in the transport sector. Here we focus on the pricing of user charges of transport infrastructures. We start this paper to analyse road transport sector and compare it with rail sector. In fact as a result of the trend towards rail reform, the issue of charging mechanisms for the use of rail infrastructure has become increasingly important. In this paper, we just take the problem in theory and present some foreign cases. But our long-run objective will be the design of efficient user charges of infrastructures based on fair intermodal competition.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.55-64
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• 2013

Conventionally, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the transport sector have been estimated using the fuel consumption (i.e. Tier 1 method). However, the GHG emissions on road networks may not be practically estimated using the Tier 1 method because it is not practical to monitor fuel consumption on a road segment. Further, air pollutant emissions on a road may not be estimated efficiently by the Tier 1 method either due to the diverse characteristics of vehicles, such as travel speed, vehicle type, model year, fuel type, etc. Given these conditions, the goal of this study is to propose a Tier 3 level methodology to calculate $CO_2$ and $NO_X$ emissions on inter-regional roads using the information from ITS infrastructure. The methodology may avoid the under-estimation issue caused by the concavity of emission factor curves because the ITS speed or volume information is aggregated by a short time interval. The proposed methodology was applied to 4 road segments as a case study. The results show that the management of heavy vehicles' speed is important to control the $CO_2$ and $NO_X$ emissions on road networks.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.241-250
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• 2019

Road signs are guide facilities for road users, and the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport has established and operated a system to enhance the convenience of managing these road signs. The role of road signs will decrease in the future autonomous driving, but they will continue to be needed. For the accurate mechanical recognition of texts on road signs, automatic road sign recognition equipment has been developed and it has applied image-based text recognition technology. Yet there are many cases of misrecognition due to irregular specifications and external environmental factors such as manual manufacturing, illumination, light reflection, and rainfall. The purpose of this study is to derive location-based destination names for finding misrecognition errors that cannot be overcome by image analysis, and to improve the automatic recognition of road signs destination names by using Levenshtein similarity verification method based on phoneme separation.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.173-203
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• 2017

The existence of rebound effect from road extension in Korea has been quantitatively verified using cross-sectional, time series data on four major cities - Seoul, Busan, Daegue and Incheon - between 2000 and 2013. The linear mixed effects model was constructed from six variables: total vehicle miles traveled (VMT), road extension, public transport users, gross regional domestic product (GRDP), regional population and fuel consumption. The main results can be summarized as VMT is positively correlated to road extension while negatively with public transport users. It indicates that the road extension-centered "supply-side" transportation policy induces "additional travel" and create "generated traffic" by enhancing driving efficiencies directly, or degrading other transport modes indirectly. Hence, the ultimate goal of road congestion reduction requires public transport-centered "demand management" rather than current supply-side policies.

• Journal of Korea Planning Association
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.76-83
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• 2019

This study aims to empirically identify the effect of spatial accessibility, based on travel, on housing prices in the Korean capital region. More specifically, it has two research purposes: First, investigating the effect of comprehensive spatial accessibility, based on road network and actual trips from origin to destination, on average apartment price (Korean Won per square meter) at the level of Eup, Myeon and Dong; Second, identifying better accessibility index between Hansen's and Kalogirou and Foley's ones. The former represents a road-based travel time decay function with destination trips, while the latter is a function with origin trips as well as destination ones. The study employs spatial economic models considering spatial auto-correlative relationship as an appropriate methodology with such control independent indicators as population density, road density, educational environment and distances from CBDs. Analysis results demonstrate that spatial accessibility, based on road network and actual trips from origin to destination, has a statistically significant impacts on housing price in the region. Our empirical evidence proves that the Hansen index is more appropriate than the other in estimating housing price impacts.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.454-461
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• 2018

Background: Working conditions and psychosocial work factors have acquired an important role explaining the well-being and performance of professional drivers, including those working in the field of public transport. This study aimed to examine the association between job strain and the operational performance of public transport drivers and to compare the expositions with psychosocial risk at work of three different types of transport workers: taxi drivers, city bus drivers, and interurban bus drivers. Method: A sample of 780 professional drivers was drawn from three transport companies in Bogota (Colombia). The participants answered the Job Content Questionnaire and a set of sociodemographic and driving performance questions, including age, professional driving experience, work schedules, and accidents and penalties suffered in the last 2 years. Results: Analyses showed significant associations between measures of socio-labor variables and key performance indicators such road traffic accidents and penalties. Furthermore, multiple linear regression analysis contributed to explain significantly suffered accidents from key variables of the Job Demand-Control model, essentially from job strain. In addition, throughout post-hoc analyses, significant differences were found in terms of perceived social support, job strain, and job insecurity. Conclusion: Work stress is an issue that compromises the safety of professional drivers. This research provides evidence supporting a significant effect of job strain on the professional driver's performance. Moreover, the statistically significant differences between taxi drivers, city bus drivers, and interurban bus drivers in their expositions to work-related stress suggest the need for tailored occupational safety interventions on each occupational group.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.114-120
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• 2009

In outdoor visible light communication channels and LED road illumination communications for the intelligent transport systems (ITS), inter symbol interference (ISI) due to multipath propagation prevents high data rate transmission. Indoor wireless optical communication systems utilizing white LED lights and on the road illumination have been studying about it. Generally, plural lights are installed in room and considered to the traffic information system using existing LED traffic lights. Therefore, their optical path difference must be considered. In this paper, the influence of an optical path difference has been investigated and two approaches against this problem are introduced. One uses on-off keying, return-to-zero (OOK-RZ) coding and the other uses optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM).

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.51-60
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• 2005

Rail-road intermodal freight transport is a transoortation system that rail and road transport are utilized between origins and destinations. The roles of road(truck) in rail-road intermodal freight transport are pick-up and delivery that are keys parts of total transportation process. The objective of this study is to develop and evaluate the pick-up and delivery strategies for container trucks in order to increase their productivity. Two different strategies are developed : One is aimed for minimizing the total traveling distance of container and the other is to reduce the waiting time at client site. The comparative studies are performed on the actual network of Paris metropolitan. The simulation analysis shows that the proposed strategies are quite efficient in various performance measures.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.80-96
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• 2024

This study conducted over two rounds Delphi survey targeting experts in the fields of roads, transportation, automobiles, intelligent transport systems(ITS), and communications to analyze the direction of change in road design, operation, and systems in the Lv.4/4+ autonomous driving era. To construct the Delphi survey items, a basic survey was conducted. The first and second Delphi surveys targeted experts in fields closely related to autonomous driving. The results of the survey revealed an expectation that in the future, transportation operations would change focus to shared autonomous vehicle(AV) and public transportation transfers, and there would be corresponding changes in the cross-sectional configuration. Exclusive lanes for AV are expected to be introduced commencing from highways and general national roads, and there was a consensus that they should be installed in the center of the road rather than on the sides and would use the same lane width as that of the existing road. In terms of facilities for AVs, it was found that it would be necessary to expand pedestrian-vehicle separation facilities, insert communication chips into facilities for location recognition, advance precision maps, and expand roadside communication facilities.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.151-156
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• 2008

This study was conducted to evaluate ride vibrations experienced by tractor operators during plowing, rotovating, and transporting operations in Korea. Field data of ride vibrations were taken at the operator-seat interface from 49 tractors and analyzed on the basis of ISO 2631-1 and EU Directive 2002/44. Of the measured ride vibrations 15.4% in the plowing and 12.5% in farm road transport exceeded the 8-hour fatigue decreased proficiency boundary in the fore and aft directions at frequencies from 1 to 5 Hz. 93.9% exceeded the 8-hour potential health risk of ISO 2631-1. The ride vibrations exceeding the 8-hour exposure limit were 38.5% in plowing, 31.6% in rotovating, 100% in farm road transport and 88.9% in concrete road transport. Although most tractor operators were not exposed to ride vibrations greater than the 8-hour exposure limit value (ELV) of EU Directive 2002/44, 7.7% of the operators in the plowing experienced greater vibrations than the ELV in the fore-aft direction. Farm road transport produced greater vibrations than any other operations. Concrete road transport, plowing and rotovating operations followed next. Limit criteria for ride vibration exposure differ depending upon the guidelines. Exposure limit of the health guidance caution zone of ISO 2631-1 is lowest among its kinds.