• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.81-92
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• 1990

Ten college women were treated with either corn oil(CO< as a source of C18:2, $\omega$6) or fish oil concentrates(FO, as a source of C20:5+C22:6, $\omega$3) with experimental diet for 7 days and then returned to normal home made diet. Kinetic changes of plasma and RBC lipids, tocopherol, MDA levels and hemolysis were observed at day-0, -3, -7, -8, -10, -14 and -21 of experimental periods. Plasma and RBC tocopherol contents were significantly increased at day-3 and -7 by tocopherol tocopherol supplement in dietary oil, but there was no significant difference between CO and FO diet with large dose of tocopherol supplement. After stop experimental regimen at day-7, plasma tocopherol content was sustained at high level until day-10 but drastically decreased at day-14 and remained at low level at day-21. However, RBC tocopherol level was not greatly responded to the dietary intake of tocopherol and was varied in the very narrow range. MDa levels of plasma and RBC were not responded in the same way as tocopherol content of plasma. MDa content of RBC was very low compared to that of plasma. RBC hemolysis by incubation in hypotonic solution was negatively correlated to plasma tocopherol level and was not correlated to the level of MDa in either plasma or RBC. There were no significant change in the levels of plasma cholesterol, HDL-chol, triglyceride, phospholipid, and lipoprotein pattern throught experimental periods.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.24-32
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• 2013

Purpose: This study aimed to clarify the characteristics of musculoskeletal problems in elderly Korean women and their actual and current use of dietary supplements by conducting a descriptive survey. Methods: The 1-month study began on April 3, 2012. A total of 150 elderly women from City D responded to the survey questionnaire used in this study. Results: Among the respondents, 55.3% used dietary supplements, although they had not consulted a physician for a definitive diagnosis of their condition but reported a self-perceived musculoskeletal problem instead. In addition, they engaged in healthy behaviors such as exercising and dietary supplement intake, without receiving any medical treatment. Compared with the nonusers, the dietary supplement users self-perceived a relatively more serious musculoskeletal problem (t =4.566, p<.001). Among the most commonly used supplements, multivitamins ranked first, followed by glucosamine and omega-3. Conclusion: Nurses should thoroughly monitor and maintain a positive attitude toward their patients' use of dietary supplements in order to appropriately educate them about the proper use of supplements.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.62 no.9
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• pp.360-366
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• 2019

Background: Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common chronic behavioral disorders in school-aged children. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of omega-3 supplementation as an alternative therapy for ADHD, which can be caused by vitamin and mineral deficiencies. Methods: This was a double-blinded clinical trial study. Sixty-six children with ADHD (aged 6-12 years) referred to our child and adolescent psychiatric educational and therapeutic clinic were selected based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision criteria. Instruments including the Parent ADHD Rating Scale were used to assess ADHD at 0, 2, 4, and 8 weeks during the study. Results: The results showed no statistically significant difference between the methylphenidate with omega-3 group and methylphenidate with placebo group based on the Parents ADHD Rating Scale between week 0 ($P{\geq}0.96$) and week 8 ($P{\geq}0.75$). There were no significant intergroup differences between the Inattention ($P{\geq}0.48$) and hyperactivity/impulsivity ($P{\geq}0.80$) subscale scores on the Parents ADHD Rating Scale. The most common drug complications in the methylphenidate with placebo and methylphenidate with omega-3 groups were anorexia (27 [54%] vs. 41 [60.29%], respectively) and diarrhea (10 [20%] vs. 8 [11.76%], respectively), but the differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that a specific dose of omega-3 for 8 weeks had no effect on ADHD.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 1994

The present study was carried out in atheroscleorotic New Zealend white(NZW) rabbits. to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with Korean pinenut oil, on plasma total fatty acid composition. In study I, NZW rabbits were fed 10 weeks on a commercial chow diet supplemented with 5% of energy as fats(soybean oil or pinenut oil) or 10% of energy as fats(soybean oil or pinenut oil) with the addition of 1% cholesterol to the diet. Nineteen fatty acids ranged from myristic acid (14:0) to cervonic acid (22:6 ${\omega}3$) were identified in all the samples. The c5, c9, $c12{\sim}18$ : 3 acid was not reported in the fatty acid methyl ester profiles of each group because it was included in the linoleic acid peak. The major constitutent fatty acids in the chow diet group were linoleic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid and ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid. In the cholesterol group, oleic acid, linoleic acid and palmitic acid were the major fatty acids. In plasma of cholesterol-fed animals, the levels of 16:1 ${\omega}$ 7 and 18:1 1 ${\omega}$ 9 were increased. Linoleic acid was the major fatty acid in soybean oil/cholesterol and pinenut oil/cholesterol groups. Plasma linoleic acid levels were significantly incresed from 4 to 6% by the supplementation of 5% soybean or 5% pinenut oil in the cholesterol diet for 5 weeks, compared to cholesterol group. Plasma 16 : 1 ${\omega}$ 7 levels in animals fed with 5 or 10% pinenut oils were significantly lower than in those fed cholesterol for 5 weeks. After 10 weeks on the soybean oil and pinenut oil diet there were no significant differences in the fatty acid composition. In study II, the fatty acid composition was not affected by the types or levels of oils supplemented for 5 weeks. After 10 weeks on the oil diets 16:1 ${\omega}$ 7 and 18:1 ${\omega}$ 9 were decreased in 10% soybean in oil/cholesterol and 10% pinenut oil/cholesterol groups, compared to cholesterol group.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.57-70
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• 1994

The present study was carried out in normal and atherosclerotic New Zealand white(NZW) rabbits, to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with Korean pinenut oil, on the total fatty acid composition of red blood cell membranes. Erythrocyte fatty acids of chain lengths ranging fro 12 : 0 to 22 : 6$\omega$3 were identified. In study I, palmitic acid(16 : 0) was found to be the main erythrocyte membranes fatty acid, followed in turn by stearic(18 : 0), oleic(18 : 1), and linoleic acids(18 : 2$\omega$6). There was a large increase in the proportion of 20 : 4$\omega$6 in 10% pinenut oil group on days 40 and 80(compared with control), although the increase was not statistically significant. Most erythrocyte fatty acids were less affected by the types or levels of oils supplemented for periods fo 40 and 80days. In study II,at the end of the dietary treatment, the levels of 12 : 0, 14 : 0, 15 : 0 and 18 : 0 were significantly decreased in the 5% soybean oil/cholesterol group, whereas those of 12 : 0, 14 : 0 and 18 : 0 were significantly decreased, but that of 18 : 2$\omega$6 was significantly increased in the 10% soybean oil/cholesterol group, compared to the cholesterol group. No significant differences in fatty acid composition were seen between the pinenut oil/cholesterol group, whereas the 10% soybean oil/cholesterol group had significantly elevated 18 : 2$\omega$6, compared to the cholesterol group. The proportion of 18 : 4$\omega$6 was significantly raised in the 5% soybean oil/cholesterol and 5% pinenut oil/cholesterol group, and the content of 16 : 1$\omega$7 was significantly lowered in the 5% and 10% soybean/cholesterol groups, compared to the cholesterol group at 10 weeks supplementation. In studies I,II and III, the total proportions of saturated fatty acids were not significantly affected by the types of levels of oils supplemented throughout the study period.

• Journal of the FoodService Safety
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2022

As one of the post-COVID-19 response strategies, representative processed products derived from the natural plant material flaxseed and a dietary supplement fortified with female hormones (estrogens) were developed in Canada, an eco-friendly country was introduced. These products were: 1) flaxseed oil to help maintain cognitive and immune function, 2) Lignan50, a substance with effects similar to estrogen, a female hormone, 3) XanFlax, a thickener for confectionery/baking and egg substitute, 4) MediFlax, a constipation reliever, 5) SesaFlax, which has a fragrance similar to sesame, 6) Linusorb, which is effective for its pharmaceutical anti-inflammatory/anti-oxidation and anti-aging properties, and 7) LinuLyte, a water/electrolyte supplement containing high dietary fiber. It is expected that these dietary products will help maintain and promote health as part of a response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.215-223
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• 2020

The objectives of the present study were to assess the oxidative stability of South Korean n-3 (omega-3 fatty acid) supplements carried out from 2018 to 2019 and evaluate the influence of product characteristics on oxidative safety. A total of 76 n-3 supplements were analysed for oxidation safety by four markers, including acid value (AV), primary oxidation (peroxide value, PV), secondary oxidation (p-anisidine value, pAV) and total oxidation value (TOTOX). Among the supplements tested, 5.3 %, 55.3 %, 28.9 % and 46.1 % exceeded the international voluntary recommended levels for AV, PV, pAV and TOTOX, respectively. Purity (%) of products, remainder of expiration date (suggested shelf life), package in press through package (PTP) and products with additives had statistically significant differences oxidation assessment levels (p < 0.05). In addition, n-3 group found in Algae oil had significantly lower AV levels than the group that did not, and product with Alaska pollack oil, had significantly higher pAV levels than without group (p < 0.05). The high oxidation status of South Korean n-3 products in the present study could not be considered a public health problem right now. However, the levels of oxidation may affect a lot the efficacy and safety of using n-3 supplements. Thus, current oxidation safety limits should be reestablished by regulatory bodies to ensure the safety and efficacy of n-3 supplements, so that the standards could be applied to the products available to consumers.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.7.1-7.7
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• 2014

The recognition that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) possess potent anti-inflammatory properties in human models has prompted studies investigating their efficacy for animal growth and immunity. This study examined the effect of feeding an n-3 PUFA-enriched diet on growth and immune response of weanling piglets. Newly weaned pigs (averaging $27{\pm}2$ days of age and $8.1{\pm}0.7kg$ of body weight) were assigned randomly to receive a control (3% vegetable oil, n = 20) or n-3 PUFA-supplemented (3% marine n-3 PUFA, n = 20) diet for 28 day after weaning. Female pigs consuming the n-3 PUFA-enriched diet were lighter at week 4 post-weaning than those fed the vegetable oil supplement. Weanling pigs gained more weight, consumed more feed and had better growth to feed ratios between days 14 and 28 than between days 0 and 14 post-weaning. Plasma insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) decreased between days 0 ($87.2{\pm}17.0ng/mL$) and 14 ($68.3{\pm}21.1ng/mL$) after weaning and then increased again by day 28 ($155.2{\pm}20.9ng/mL$). In piglets consuming the vegetable oil-enriched diet, plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$) increased from $37.6{\pm}14.5$ to $102.9{\pm}16.6pg/mL$ between days 0 and 14 post-weaning and remained high through day 28 ($99.0{\pm}17.2pg/mL$). The TNF-${\alpha}$ increase detected in the piglets fed vegetable oil was not observed in the piglets fed n-3 PUFA. Results indicate that weaning induces considerable immune stress in piglets and that this stress can be mitigated by dietary supplementation of n-3 PUFA.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.748-752
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• 1999

This study was carried out to compare the growth and fatty acids composition of the rotifer (Brachionus rotundiformis) cultured in high density by the various enrichments and culture methods. The rotifer fed on condensed freshwater Chlorella was enriched with $\omega$-yeast, Algamac, Super Selco and marine Chlorella. In another culture method, the rotifer was cultured with enrichment supplements for 6 hours after feeding with condensed freshwater Chlorella supplement for 18 hour. The rotifer fed with condensed marine Chlorella for 24 hours without fieshwater Chlorella was used as a control group. Culture tanks (5 $\ell$ working volume) was immersed in a water bath ($28^{\circ}C$). The density of rotifer and dissolved oxygen level in water was stable in control group of rotifer cultured with condensed marine Chlorella for 24 hours and the n-3 HUFA content of rotifer was the highest among the rotifer culture methods. However, the density of rotifer and dissolved oxygen level in the groups of rotifers enriched with $\omega$-yeast, Algamac and Super Selco by methods were drastically decreased, The n-3 HUFA contents of rotifers enriched by Super Selco were higher than those of rotifer enriched by either $\omega$-yeast or Algamac in both methods. The results from this experiment indicated that supplementation of condensed marine Chlorella for 24 hour by the semi-continuous culture was effective for the improvement of the nutritional value of rotifer and it could provide the stable growth condition for rotifer culture in high density.

• ALGAE
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.91-106
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• 2020

Incorporating renewable fuel into practice, especially from algae, is a promising approach in reducing fossil fuel dependency. Algae are an exceptional feedstock since they produce abundant biomass and oils in short timeframes. Algae also produce high-valued lipid products suitable for human nutrition and supplement. Achieving goals of producing algae fuels and high-valued lipids at competitive prices involves further improvement of technology, especially better control over cultivation. Manipulating microalgae cultivation conditions to prevent contamination is essential in addition to promoting optimal growth and lipid yields. Contamination of algal cultures is a major impediment to algae cultivation that can however be mitigated by choosing extremophile microalgae. This work describes the isolation of alkali-tolerant / alkaliphilic microalgae native to South Florida with ideal characteristics for cultivation. For that purpose, water samples from Lake Okeechobee were inoculated into Zarrouk's medium (pH 9-12) and incubated for 35 days. Selection resulted in isolation of three strains that were screened for biomass and lipid accumulation. Two alkali-tolerant algae Chloroidium sp. 154-1 and Chlorella sp. 154-2 were poor lipid accumulators. One of the isolates, the diatom Fistulifera sp. 154-3, was identified as a lipid accumulating, alkaliphilic organism capable of producing 0.233 g L^-1 d^-1 dry biomass and a lipid content of 20-30% dry weight. Lipid analysis indicated the most abundant fatty acid within Fistulifera sp. was palmitoleic acid (52%), or omega-7, followed by palmitic acid (17%), and then eicosapentanoic acid (15%). 18S rRNA phylogenetic analysis formed a well-supported clade with Fistulifera species.