• Nuclear industry
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.10-26
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• 2010

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.215-229
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• 2019

This technical note describes the current status of Finnish radioactive waste disposal project which started to construct the repository for spent nuclear waste for the first time in the world. Finland started operating nuclear power plant in 1977 and is currently operating four nuclear power plants. After detailed site surveys started in 1993, Olkiluoto was finally selected by the parliament of Finland as the site for geological disposal in 2001 followed by a construction license in 2015. If the operating license is approved by the government in the 2020s, it would be the world's first case of geological disposal. In ONKALO, a site-specific underground research facility at the site of Olkiluoto, various studies were conducted to verify the safety of the repository. Finland uses the KBS-3 disposal concept, and Korea considers a similar disposal concept because of similar rock formations. The entire process in Finland including the operation status of intermediate and low-level waste disposal, site investigation and selection stages, and the latest rock mechanics and hydrogeological studies in ONKALO are presented. Suggestions for the radioactive waste disposal in Korea is given based on the Finnish case.

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.179-181
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• 2009

This presentation is a short summary of the Finnish process for selection and characterisation of potential sites for geological deep disposal of spent nuclear fuel. The process lasted nearly two decades from 1983 to 2000, and was concluded by the Government's Decision in Principle (DiP) on the construction of a repository in Olkiluoto. This presentation gives an outline of the early site selection criteria and a description of this process.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.71-83
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• 2002

본 기술보고에서는 미국의 고준위 방사성폐기물 발생 현황 및 최근 에너지성 장관의 최종 추천을 받는 등 활발하게 진행되고 있는 미국 유카산 고준위 방사성폐기물 처분장 후보 부지 선정 과정 및 조사 연구 현황을 요약하였다. 본 기술보고에 요약한 바와 같이 유카산 프로젝트의 자연 환경은 우리 나라와는 매우 상이하다. 그러나 세계 원자력 계에서의 미국의 영향력을 고려할 때 유카산 프로젝트의 성공은 2001년 핀란드 올킬루오토(Olkiluoto) 처분 부지 확보와 함께 원자력 계의 오랜 숙원이었던 고준위 방사성폐기물 처분을 실현시킴으로서 향후 원자력 에너지 사용의 증대와 함께 심부 지질에 대한 이해를 증진시키는데 크게 기여할 것이다.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.159-166
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• 2010

The block-scale groundwater flow system at Olkiluoto site in Finland was simulated. The heterogeneous and anisotropic hydraulic conductivity field for the domain was constructed from the discrete fracture network, which considered only the fractured zones identified in the deep boreholes installed in the study site. The groundwater flow model was calibrated by adjusting the recharge rate and the transmissivities of the fractured zones to fit the calculated hydraulic heads and into- and out-flow rates in the observation intervals of the boreholes with the observed ones. In the calibrated model, the calculated flow rates at some intervals were not in accordance with the observed ones although the calculated hydraulic heads fit well with the observed ones, which revealed that the number of the conduits for groundwater flow is insufficient in the conceptual model for groundwater flow modeling. Therefore, it was recommended that the potential local conduits such as background fractures should be added to the present conceptual model.