• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.219-224
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• 2002

This study was carried out to examine the effects of bis (tribytyltin)oxide (TBT), endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs). on the changes of survival, growth and oxygen consumption rate in the oliver flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Oliver Flounders were exposed to sublethal concentration of TBT (0, 1.67, 3.20, 6.30 and 12.50 $\mu\textrm{g}$/L) during 6 weeks. Survival rate was decreased in a concentration and exposure period-dependent way and suddenly the reduction of more than 20% occurred at TBT concentration greater than 3.20 $\mu\textrm{g}$/L. after exposure 6 weeks. Growth rate and feed efficiency significantly decreased at concentration greater than 3.20 $\mu\textrm{g}$/L. Oxygen consumption rate was also decreased in a concentration-dependent way and significantly decreased to 17,48 and 67％ than that of the control at the TBT concentration of 3.20, 6.32 and 12.50 $\mu\textrm{g}$/L, respectively. This study revealed that high TBT concentration ($\geq$3.20 $\mu\textrm{g}$/L) reduced growth and oxygen consumption rates of the juvenile oliver flounder suggesting potential influence on the natural mortality of Paralichthys olivaceus in the coastal areas.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.235-241
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• 2006

The effects of various temperature shifts on the kinetics of the humoral antibody response in oliver flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, immunised with formalin-killed Edwardsiella tarda, were determined by measuring the antibody production in vivo and in vitro. When fish acclimated to a high temperature and immunised at that temperature were transferred to a lower temperature (22℃ to 12℃) at a various times after immunisation, the fish showed a weaker immune response than that achieved when the fish were kept at a high environmental temperature. However, in the converse experiment (12℃ to 22℃), the magnitude of the humoral immune response was recovered independent of the time of the transfer after immunisation at low temperature, even though the peak levels of each transferred group did not reach the level found in the positive control group that was maintained and immunised at a high environmental temperature. Hence, these studies provide some evidence that the potential for antibody production in B cells of oliver flounder immunized at high temperature is not impaired by subsequent exposure to low temperature.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.99-104
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• 2002

Experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of lead exposure on survival, growth and oxygen consumption of juvenile oliver flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus for 6 weeks. Survival rate of the oliver flounder was significantly affected above 150 $\mu{g/L}$. Growth rate of the olive flounder exposed to ≥ 150 $\mu{g/L}$ of lead concentration were significantly decreased than that exposed to normal condition. Metabolic rate in the lead concentration ≥ 80 $\mu{g/L}$ was significantly reduced with increasing lead concentration then that in normal condition. This study revealed that high lead concentration (≥ 80 $\mu{g/L}$) reduced growth and metabolic rate of the juvenile olive flounder suggesting potential influence on the natural mortality of olive flounder in the coastal areas.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.299-302
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• 2007

Neoheterobothrium hirame (N. hirame) is a large blood-feed gill-worm infecting the highly prized olive flounder. The present study was reported the occurrence and elimination of Neoheterobothrium infection from young cultured oliver flounder in the western coast of Korea. Flounder (weight 18-25 g, length 10-15 cm) were obtained from a cultured farm at Taean of Korea at May 2006. A lot of flounder died with serious anemia. We isolated N. hirame from the buccal cavity wall of dead flounder. Adult parasites were 5-15 mm in total length, with 4 pairs of clamps on the pedunculated haptor and isthmus region embedded in host tissue, while immature and sub-adults were identified the attachment to the gill filaments, rakers and arches with the clamps. All fish with infection were treated with 8% NaCl-supplemented seawater for 1 and 10 min at $22^{\circ}C$, respectively. The significant reduction in mortality (6.7%) was observed among fish treated with 8% salt water for 10 minutes, when compared with that of non-treatment group (100%).

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.79-89
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• 1999

The recombinant bovine somatotropin (rBST) was administered to the oliver flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, to know the effects and optimal administration frequency and dosage of the hormone. The experiment was conducted with three different treatment groups (A, B and C) designated based on the duration and administration frequency of rBST and one control (D) from April 14, 1996 to March 16, 1997. The fish of hormone treated groups grew 7.86 to 10.07% (47.45 to 60.75 g in weight) better than the control at the end of the experiment (P<0.05). No significant differences in their growth were detected among treatment groups. The distinct growth improvement was recognized four weeks after completion of the first four hormone administration. When considering water temperatures measured from the experimental tanks, the effect of rBST on the flounder was greater during the period showing relatively lower temperature. The survival rates were higher in treatment groups than in the control, revealing 98.3% (A), 98.4% (B), 97.7% (C) and 93.1% (D) during the first stage of culture; 92.7% (A), 91.3% (B), 86.7% (C) and 80.0% (D) during the second stage of culture.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.71-77
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• 1999

The potential utility of injection media (sucrose, PEG, and liposome) was demonstrated for direct gene transfer into olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) muscles. Based on the use of sucrose (final cone. 20%), PEG 8,000 (final cone. 10%) or liposome (twice us of DNA injected), the present injection strategy significantly improved the level of transgene expression as well as persistent duration of expression. The increased amounts of expression in DNA injection with sucrose, PEG, and liposome were as high as from 2.1 to 4.9-folds of conventional TE-based DNA injection. The best result was obtained from injections of liposome-encapsulated DNA in which the expression was detectable at least 32 days after injection when compared to only 8-16 days from TE-based injections.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.303-308
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• 2007

The high mortality (65.5%) of young olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) showing skin ulcers occurred in fish obtained from a commercial cultured farm at Donghae on the eastern coast of Korea at March 2006. The dorsal skin showed ulcer lesions and large amount of mucus. We isolated Ichthyobodo sp. from the gill, and Vibrio anguillarum from the liver and kidney of dead and diseased fish. All of the fish infected with the V anguillarum and Ichthyobodo sp. were treated with 100 ppm formalin for 1 h, and treated with oxolinic acid for 4 h at $22^{\circ}C$, respectively. The formalin treated group was observed the low mortality (2.9%) when compared with high mortality of non-treated (82.9%), and of antibiotic treated group (85.9%) against mixed infections by Vibrio anguillarum and Ichthyobodo sp. organisms. We confirmed complete elimination against mixed infections of Vibrio anguillarum and Ichthyobodo sp. with 100 ppm formalin treatment.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.34-43
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• 2004

This study was examined to investigate the effect of wood carbonization products on growth and body composition of oliver flounder(Paralichthys olivaceus) as a part of fishery utilization of charcoal and pyroligneous acid. Weight gain in oliver flounder fed with wood carbonization products was higher than that of the control group. Feed efficiency between the groups fed with charcoal and Mogchotan(the mixture of charcoal and pyroligneous acid, 80:20, w/w) and the control group showed no significant difference(p>0.05) and was significantly higher in group fed with pyroligneous acid than the control group(p<0.05). All groups fed with wood carbonization products were also higher than the control group in hemoglobin and hematocrit. Especially, the amount of both components was significantly higher in group fed with Mogchotan(p<0.05). The result indicates that the addition of Mogchotan can improve the health of oliver flounder, and was excellent in the mortality and the recovery rate. In conclusion, Mogchotan treatment would be suitable way for improving the growth and health of oliver flounder.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.36-41
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• 2003

In order to estimate chornic toxicity of copper in the juvenile oliver flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, experiments were investigated the effects of long term sublethal copper exposure on survival rate, metabolic rate, feed efficiency and growth rate. Oliver flounder were exposed for 6 weeks to four different sublethal copper concentration (50, 80, 180, 320 $\mu\textrm{g}$ $L^{-1}$). Survival rate of them significantly affected above 180 $\mu\textrm{g}$ $L^{-1}$, and reduced for increase exposure periods and concentrations. Copper exposure to 180 and 320 $\mu\textrm{g}$ $L^{-1}$ significantly decreased metabolic rate in olive flounder. Exposure to waterborne copper concentrations as high as 80 $\mu\textrm{g}$ $L^{-1}$ resulted in significantly reduced feed efficiency and growth rate. From these results, it could be concluded that the high level of 80 $\mu\textrm{g}$ $L^{-1}$ copper concentration in the bottom water would curtail production of the olive flounder in coastal area.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.606-614
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• 2023

This study was conducted to optimize the size of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus (OF) as a material of sikhae and to investigate the quality characteristics. The results on the protease activity of OF meat, protein and ash contents of the bone, and yields and hardness of fish bone during fermentation time suggest that the suitable fish weight for sikhae was less than 250 g. The proximate compositions of the OF sikhae fermented under optimum condition (fermentation for 9 days at 15℃), were 73.0% moisture, 12.0% crude protein, 1.3% crude fat and 2.4% ash. The salinity, titration acidity and amino acid nitrogen contents per 100 g sikhae were 1.7 g, 2.46 g, and 311.3 mg, respectively. The lactic acid bacteria concentration in the sikhae were 8.84 log CFU/g, which were higher than those (5.78-6.62 log CFU/g) of 5 kind of commercial flounder sikhae. The functional properties, such as ACE inhibitory activity (69.0%), antioxidative activity (69.3%), α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (22.7%), xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity (88.2%), and nitrite scavenging activity (96.4%) of the sikhae were superior to those of 5 kind of commercial flounder sikhae.