• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.889-894
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• 2004

Polyaddition reactions of 1,1-diethynyl-3-triethylsilyl-1-silacyclopent-3-ene with several organoborane derivatives have afforded the oligomeric materials containing organosilacyclic group and organoboron moiety along the oligomer main chains. All of these materials are soluble in THF as well as chloroform, and their molecular weights are in the range of 1,990/1,190-21,950/7,050 ($M_w/M_n$) with the polydispersity indexes of 1.67-3.43. The prepared oligomers are characterized by several spectroscopic methods such as $^1H,\;^{13}C, \;^{29}Si,\;^{11}B$ NMR and FTIR spectra along with elemental analysis. FTIR spectra of all the oligomers show that the new strong C=C stretching frequencies appear at 1599-1712 $cm^{-1}$, in particular. The UV-vis absorption spectra of the materials in THF solution exhibit the strong absorption bands at the ${\lambda}_{max}$ of 268-275 nm. The oligomeric materials show that the strong excitation peaks appear at the ${\lambda}_{max}$ of 255-279 nm and the strong fluorescence emission bands at the ${\lambda}_{max}$ of 306-370 nm. All the spectroscopic data suggest that the obtained materials contain both the organoboron ${\pi}$-conjugation moiety of C=C-B-C=C and the organosilacyclic group of 3-triethylsilyl-1-silacyclopent-3-ene along the oligomer main chains. The oligomers are thermally stable up to 162-200 $^{\circ}C$ under nitrogen.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.21-26
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• 1989

Four fatty acid vinyl esters were synthesized by transesterification between vinyl acetate and lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, respectively. Fatty acid vinyl ester oligomers were prepared from polymerization of four fatty acid vinyl esters in the presence of potassium persulfate in methanol. The ${\alpha}-sulfonation$ of these four fatty acid vinyl ester oligomer were carried by direct addition of sulfur trioxide. Especially, molecular weights of sodium ${\alpha}-sulfo$ fatty acid vinyl ester oligomers were measured by boiling point method.

• 폴리머
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.774-781
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• 2014

4-ethynylaniline(4-EA) 혹은 4-phenylethynyl phthalic anhydride(4-PEPA)을 end-capper로 사용하여 분자량이 2500 g/mol 혹은 5000 g/mol로 조절되고, 반응성 ethynyl 기를 갖는 4,4'-diamino diphenyl ether(4,4'-ODA)/3,3',4,4'-benzophenone tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride(BTDA), 4,4'-ODA/4,4'-oxydiphthalic anhydride(ODPA)계 폴리아이소이미드 올리고머를 합성하여 이들의 중합 및 경화거동을 연구하였다. FTIR 분광분석을 통하여 이들 폴리아이소이미드 올리고머 말단에 반응성 ethynyl 기가 포함되어 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이미드화 반응은 폴리아이소이미드 올리고머의 화학구조에도 영향을 받을 뿐 아니라 올리고머의 분자량에도 영향을 받아 분자량 2500 g/mol 올리고머가 5000 g/mol 올리고머보다 대략 $10^{\circ}C$ 정도 낮은 온도에서 이미드화 반응이 일어났다. Ethynyl기의 가교반응은 이미드화 반응보다 높은 온도에서 일어났으며 4-EA로 end-cap된 폴리아이소이미드 올리고머에 대해서는 이 두 반응이 DSC 그래프에서 겹쳐서 나타났다. 4-PEPA로 end-cap된 4,4'-ODA/ODPA 폴리아이소이미드 올리고머에 대해 등 속도 가열 DSC 실험을 통해 이미드화 반응 및 가교반응에 대한 활성화 에너지와 지수앞인자를 구하였다. 이미드화 반응에 대한 활성화 에너지는 141 kJ/mol, 지수앞인자 값은 $1.45{\times}10^{13}min^{-1}$, 가교반응에 대한 활성화 에너지는 177 kJ/mol, 지수앞인자 값은 $2.90{\times}10^{13}min^{-1}$이 얻어졌다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.550-554
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• 1997

Chlorambucil is known to alkylate primarily N7 of guanine and N3 of adenine to induce DNA monofunctional adducts and interstrand cross-links (ISC). We have investigated the sequence specificity for DNA ISC induced by chlorambucil using duplex oligomers containing a defined cross-linkable sequences $ 5^{I}-A*TT, 5^{I}-G*TTor5^{I}-G*CC$ under bar which asterisk indicates the potential cross-linking site and underlined base indicates the potential cross-linking site on the opposite strand. An analysis of 20% denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that chlorambucil was albe to induce DNA ISC in the duplex oligomers containing a sequence $5^I-GCC$. The formation of DNA ISC was not observed in the duplex oligomers containing sequences $5^I-ATT$. or $5^I-GTT$. These results indicate that chlorambucil induces guanine-guanine DNA ISC but not guanine-adenine or adenine-adenine DNA ISC. In addition, we have tested the ability of chlorambucil to induce DNA ISC within $5^I-GNNC$ or $5^I-GNNC$sequences using duplex oligomers containing the sequence$5^I-G^4G^3G^2^C$. The result of DNA strand cleavage assay showed that DNA ISC was formed at the $5^I-GGC$ sequence (an 1,3 cross-link, $G^1-G^3$) but not at $5^I-GGGC$ (an 1,4 cross-link, $G^1-G^4$) or $5^I-GC$ sequence (an 1,2 cross-link, $G^1-G^2$).

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권7호
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• pp.2016-2022
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• 2013

Ionically modified ${\beta}$-cyclodextrins, which have excellent water-solubility, have been interested in purification technology as well as drug carrier system. The present study summarizes the synthesis and characterization of cationic and anionic ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin (${\beta}$-CyD) products using by polycondensation. The oligo (${\beta}$-CyD)s are synthesized from ${\beta}$-CyD, epichlorohydrin (EP) and choline chloride (CC; for cationic polymer) or chloroacetic acid (CAA; for anionic polymer) through one step polycondenstaion process. Unlike the previous studies, we successfully purified the ionic ${\beta}$-CyD condensation products from the ${\beta}$-CyD reaction mixtures and accomplished a great level of structural analysis. The detailed structural analysis of these ionic ${\beta}$-CyD compounds is done by $^1H$ NMR, MALDI-TOF as well as GPC analysis and confirms the formation of oligomers with a few units of ${\beta}$-CyD. We found that the sequence of reactant addition also could effect on the molecular weight of the resulting product as well as the molar ratio of the reactants. Finally, we used the cationic and anionic ${\beta}$-CyD oligomers for fabricating multilayer films by layer-layer process.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.55-60
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• 1998

The sodium ${\alpha}-sulfo$ fatty acid vinyl ester oligomers, which are oligomer type surfactants were prepared by polymerization with fatty acid vinyl acetate. The ${\alpha}-sulfonation$ of fatty acid vinyl ester oligomers were carried by direct addition of sulfur trioxide. The dispersing performance of oligomer type anionic surfactants and sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS) in the aqueous suspension of iron oxide and titanium dioxide particles was evaluated by particle size distribution and zeta-potential measurement. As results, the particles of iron oxide and titanium dioxide were flocculated by addition of small amount of oligomer type anionic surfactants and sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS), then the flocks redispersed by more addition of oligomer type anionic surfactants and SDS. The flocculation, redispersion process was observed in lower concentration range of oligomer type anionic surfactants than SDS. Especially, the dispersing action of sodium ${\alpha}-sulfo$ palmitic acid vinyl ester oligomer was better than sodium ${\alpha}-sulfo$ lauric acid vinyl ester oligomer.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.51-57
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• 1989

A series of four sodium ${\alpha}-sulfo$ fatty vinyl ester oligomers including sodium ${\alpha}-sulfo$ lauric acid vinyl ester oligomer, sodium ${\alpha}-sulfo$ myristic acid vinyl ester oligomer, sodium ${\alpha}-sulfo$ palmitic acid vinyl ester oligomer and sodium ${\alpha}-sulfo$ stearic acid vinyl ester oligomer were examined for surface activities such as surface tension, foaming power, foam stability, emulsifying power, dispersion effect, solubilization of orange OT. The critical micelle concentration(CMC) was also evaluated. Consequently, these sodium ${\alpha}-sulfo$ fatty acid vinyl ester oligomers were shown to have a good cohesive power and dispersion effect.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.163-168
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• 1998

Inhibitory effect of indole oligomers induced from indole-3-carbinol(I3C) on the growth of breast cancer cells was studied. We gernerated the reaction mixtures (RXM) at ambient temperature by treating a stirred aqueous solution of I3C (typeically 0.25ml) at a concentration of 12 $\mu$mol/ml) with hydrochloric acid (typically 28$\mu$l of a 1 mmol/ml solution). RXM was fractionated by the column chromatography. The fractions with similar UV-pattern were further fractionated by HPLC and 3.3'-diindoylmethane (DIM) and other indole oligomers were identified. I3C, RXM, and it derived indole compounds were added to MCF-7 cells and cultured in the presence of 10-7M estradiol for 7 days. the growth-inhibitory effect of I3C and DIM on the growth of MCF-7 cell was very strong. The synthetic DIM also revealed antiproliferative effect on MCF-7 cel. The fractions containing high DIM content (77%), were most effective in inhibiting MCF-7 cell growth induced by estradiol. With these results, we suggest that I3C and DIM might have anticarcinogenic effect on the breast cancer.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.989-996
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 망간산화물 존재 하에서의 1-naphthol(1-NP)의 산화-결합반응을 통한 변환반응과 반응산물을 조사하였다. 변환 반응에 의해 생성된 반응산물을 대상으로 한 용매 추출과 HPLC, GC/MS, LC/MS 및 UV-Vis. 흡광특성 분석 등을 통해 반응산물의 분자 구조특성을 규명하였다. 반응 상등액에서 검출된 반응산물은 모두 1-NP에 비하여 높은 극성을 보였다. 주요 반응산물로는 1,4-naphthoquinon(1,4-NPQ)와 dimer, trimer 등의 소 중합체(oligomers)를 포함하며 특히, 용매추출$(CH_2Cl_2)$ 후 수용액에 잔류하는 친수성 형태의 반응산물은 다양한 분자량의(m/z=$400\sim2000$) 중합체로서 토양 휴믹물질(풀빅산)과 유사한 형태의 UV-Vis 흡광특성을 보였다. 또한, 비 반응성 생성물인 1,4-NPQ는 1-NP 존재 하에서 망간산화물에 의한 교차-결합(cross-coupling)을 통해 중합체로 변환될 수 있음을 확인하였다. 본 실험조건(20.5 mg/L, 1-NP, 2.5 g/L $MnO_2$, pH 5)에서 산화-결합 반응에 의한 중합체 형성으로 제거되는 1-NP의 양(mg/L)은 초기농도 대비 약 83%에 해당하며, 이들 중 약 30% 정도는 침전층에서 중류수와 메탄올$(CH_3OH)$에 의해 추출되지 않는 안정화된 형태의 불용성 중합체 생성물로 존재하였다. 이상의 결과는 망간산화물에 의한 산화-결합반응이 naphthol 오염토양의 처리에 있어서 소 중합체와 중합체 침전물로의 변환을 통한 오염 저감 및 제거 효과를 나타냄을 제시한다.

• 윤활유협회보
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• 73호
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• pp.9-21
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• 1995