• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.139-146
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• 1999

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical significance of 24 hour pH monitoring in the pediatric patients with recurrent vomiting or regurgitation. Methods: We performed 24 hour pH monitoring on 87 pediatric patients with recurrent vomiting or regurgitation using GastrograpH with glass electrode. The pathologic GER was determined by the reflux index (RI). RIs>10% were considered positive in patients <1 year of age, whereas RIs of >5% were positive in other age groups. We evaluated the mean and standard deviation of the reflux parameters between physiologic and pathologic GER groups, and also compared the reflux indices of each group with respect to time zones of the day. Results: Pathologic GER was found in 32 of 87 patients (36.8%), and the age incidence included 32.5% in infants <6 months old, 13.3% in infants aged 6 months-1 year old, 61.5% in children aged 1~2 years old, 14.3% in children aged 2~3 years old and 66.7% in children >3 years old. In physiologic GER patients, the RI was $3.7{\pm}2.9%$ for the patients <1 year old (group A), and $1.8{\pm}1.5%$ for those ${\geq}1$ year old (group B) which was statistically significant between the 2 age groups (p=0.02). The number of long refluxes more than 5 minutes was significantly increased (p=0.03) in group A ($1.7{\pm}1.9$) than in group B ($0.8{\pm}1.0$). The duration of the longest reflux was significantly longer (p=0.007) in group A ($604{\pm}551$ sec) than in group B ($275{\pm}296$ sec). In pathologic GER patients, the RI was $17.7{\pm}11.6%$ for the patients <1 year old and $7.8{\pm}2.9$ for those ${\geq}1$ year old. The number of long refluxes of more than 5 minutes were $8.9{\pm}4.6$ and $3.2{\pm}1.8$, and the duration of the longest reflux were $1955{\pm}2190$ sec and $1093{\pm}706$ sec for each age group. In both physiologic and pathologic GER patients, there was no significant difference of RI among the time zones of the day. Conclusion: Pathologic GER was found in 36.8% of patients. There was significant difference of RI between those <1 year old and those ${\geq}1$ year old in physiologic GER patients. There was no significant difference of RI among the time zones of the day in both pathologic and physiologic groups. In our study, the frequency of pathplogic GER was too much higher in age group of 1~2 years old (61.5%) than in group of 6 months-1 year old (13.3%), which means that further study is needed to determine the pathologic criteria of RI (Vandenplas criteria is >5%) in the age group of 1~2 years old.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.75-84
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• 2005

Objectives : Research on the effect and satisfaction between Acupuncture Treatment, Physical Treatment and contemporary Treatments of Acupuncture and Physical of lumbago patients Methods : We separated lumbago patients into three groups. A group with only Acupuncture Treatment and a group with only Physical Treatment and a group with contemporary treatments of Acupuncture and Physical. Questionnaire survey and score of Visual Analog Scale(VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index(ODI) were examined for comparison. Results & Conclusion : 1. Of the 54 patients Acupuncture Teatment group had 17 patients with similar ratio of gender and the average age was 39.5 years old. For the Physical Treatment group the ratio of male was 75% of the 8 patients and had the youngest average age which was 29.1 years old and the group with contemporary Treatments the ratio of female was 62% of 29 patients and had the oldest average age which was 46.7 years old. 2. The Acupuncture Treatment group had the shortest treatment period because of many acute stage caused by lumber sprain and the improvement score was the best. The group of contemporary treatments had the longest history day and treatment period by serious disease like HIVD and spinal stenosis but the improvement score of VAS and ODI was good similar to the Acupuncture Treatment group. For the Physical Treatment group there was many patients with degenerative change but not severe pain. The VAS, ODI and the improvement score was the lowest before and after the treatment.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.65 no.1
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• pp.123-129
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• 2022

Objective : Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is one of the most common pathology in daily neurosurgical practice and incidence increases with age. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic factors and surgical outcome of CSDH in patients aging over 90 years compared with a control group of patients aging under 90 years. Methods : This study reviewed 25 patients with CSDH aged over 90 years of age treated in our department. This group was compared with a younger group of 25 patients aged below their eighties. At admission past medical history was recorded concerning comorbidities (hypertension, dementia, ictus cerebri, diabetes, and heart failure or attack). History of alcohol abuse, anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy, head trauma and seizures were analyzed. Standard neurological examination and Markwalder score at admission, 48 hours after surgery and 1-6 months follow-up, radiologic data including location and CSDH maximum thickness were also evaluated. Results : Their mean age was 92.8 years and the median was 92.4 years (range, 90-100 years). In older group, the Markwalder evaluation at one month documented the complete recovery of 24 patients out of 25 without statistical difference with the younger group. This data was confirmed at 6-month follow-up. One patient died from cardiovascular failure 20 days after surgery. The presence of comorbidities, risk factors (antiplatelet therapy, anticoagulant therapy, history of alcohol abuse, and head trauma), preoperative symptoms, mono or bilateral CSDH, maximum thickness of hematoma, surgical time and recurrence were similar and statistically not significant in both groups. Conclusion : In this study, we demonstrate that surgery for very old patients above 90 years of age affected by CSDH is safe and allows complete recovery. Comparing two groups of patients above and under 90 years old we found that complication rate and recovery were similar in both groups.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.357-362
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• 2006

Objective : The incidence of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage has been increasing. At the same time, surgical results for elderly patients are unsatisfactory and no guidelines of treatment are available. We carried out a study comparing variable factors and surgical results between young and old age groups to find ways to improve prognosis. Methods : A retrospective study was carried out on 754 patients who were operated on between 1990 and 2004 by the same surgeon in our hospital. The patients were divided into seven groups according to age : 93 patients below 40 years of age [Group I], 419 patients aged $40{\sim}59$ [Group II], 115 patients aged $60{\sim}64$ [Group III], 82 patients aged $65{\sim}69$ [Group IV], 28 patients aged $70{\sim}74$ [Group V], 12 patients aged $75{\sim}79$ [Group VI] and 5 patients over the age of 80 [Group VII]. We then checked their medical history, Fisher's grade, Hunt-Hess grade, postoperative complications, and Glasgow Outcome Scale. Results : Age was not a statistically significant factor among patients below 70 years of age [P $value{\ge}0.05$]. But for those aged 70 and older, the age factor had a statistical value [P $value{\le}0.001$]. In addition, there was a close correlation between Hunt-Hess grade IV and V patients, and those with vasospasm, and hydrocephalus after surgery, with poor prognosis in elderly patients as well as young patients [P $value{\le}0.001$]. Conclusion : Advanced age [under the age of 70] dose not precluded adequate surgical treatment in patient with AN SAH, and we should be also alert to preventable causes of delayed neurological deterioration for improving the outcome in all elderly groups.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.1563-1569
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• 1992

From Jan. 1981 to Dec. 1991, we had treated 25 patients with congenital coronary art-eriovenous fistulas [CAVF] in Seoul National University Hospital. A retrospective review was made to delineate the course and the management of CAVF and to clarify the role of surgical treatment. Fifteen patients were male and 10 were female with The mean age of 17.4 years[from 3 months to 58 years]. The most frequent symptom was dyspnea on exertion[56%]. Other symptoms were angina and palpitation. Sixty-eight percent of the patients were symptomatic. Fifty-three percent of patients less than 20 years old were symptomatic and 100% of patients over 20 years old were symptomatic. Three patients had multiple CAVFs. The fistula drained into the right ventricle in 13, pulmonary artery in 9, left ventricle in 4, right atrium in 2, and left atrium in 1. Thirteen patients had other associated cardiac lesions. The mean pulmonary-to-systemic blood flow[Qp /Qs] in the isolate CAVF group was 2.19. All patients were operated on to correct the fistulas and other associated cardiac lesions. All patients were followed from 1 month to 11 years without late death. Postoperative complication rate was 24% -significant arrhythmia [3], recurred CAVF[1], psychosis[1], pneumonia [1]. Symptomatic improvement was evident postoperatively. Below 20 years old, 94% of patients were asymptomatic, but above 20 years old, symptoms persisted in 25%. In summary, early elective repair of CAVF is indicated in all patients because of higher complication rate and frequent persistent symptoms in older patients.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 2008

Purpose: To evaluate the results of anterolateral thigh perforator free flap for reconstruction of foot and ankle in old diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: Fifteen diabetic foot ulcer patients over the age of 55 were operated with anterolateral thigh perforator free flap. Hematological, hemodynamic, diabetic, bacteriologic and radiologic tests were checked with examination of blood vessel state in both the donor site and the recipient site. After surgery, serial check-up was performed at 6 week, 6 month, and 1 year postoperatively on the survival of transplantation tissue, condition of foot, and condition of walking. Results: There are one case of transplantation failure and four cases of partial tissue-necrosis. Delayed wound-healing was observed both recipient and donor tissue sites. At the final follow up, three cases of small ulcer were found at junction of flap and recipient tissue in plantar area. Fourteen out of fifteen patients could walk without any brace or walking aids. Conclusion: Reconstruction of foot and ankle region in old diabetic patients with the anterolateral thigh perforator free flap is a useful method which can prevent the amputation of foot and ankle.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.107-115
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• 2006

Objectives : It has been suggested that obesity in childhood may lead early menarche and rapid bony maturation. The purpose of this study is to investigate correlation between bone maturation and obese degree in childhood in Korea. Methods : Height, body weight, BMI, percent body fat were taken 138 patients. Ultrasonic scan was taken through calcaneous of the right foot to evaluate bone age. $DA({\Delta}age)$ was calculated from the difference of bone age and chronological age, and it was used in correlation with obese degree. Results : 1. The average age of patients was $11.91{\pm}2.86$ years old in boys, $11.44{\pm}2.27$ years old in girls. 2. The average BMI was $20.92{\pm}4.53kg/m2$ in boys, $19.76{\pm}4.05kg/m2in$ girls, and average percent body fat was $25.13{\pm}8.23%$ in boys, $27.66{\pm}5.95%$ in girls. 3. The average OI(osteo index) was 37.88 in boys, 36.64 in girls, and average bone age was $12.00{\pm}2.61$ years old in boys, $11.81{\pm}2.11$ years old in girls. 4. There was significant correlation between $DA({\Delta}age)$ and PBF in boys, but no significant correlation with BMI(p<0.05). 5. There was significant correlation between $DA({\Delta}age)$ and PBF, BMI in girls(p<0.01). 6. There was significant correlation between RA and OI(p<0.01). Conclusion : It is suggested that obese degree may have an impact on early bony maturation especially in case of girls.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.159-164
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• 1972

Clinical observation is made in 29 cases of patients with esophageal cancer at Department of Chest Surgery in Chunnam University Hospital. 1] The prevalent age of male patient is fifth decade and of female is fourth and fifth decade. The average age of patient is 54 years old. 2] Duration of the disease before admission is relatively long, the duration within 7-9 months is 35% of all patients. 3] On the majority of patients, typical symptoms of esophageal cancer were manifested. 4] Operation was performed on 58% of all patients, in 23% curative and in 35% palliative resection was done.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.298-306
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• 2023

Objective: Pain following the insertion of separators and archwires varies with age, sex, race, ethnicity, threshold, and health status. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of pain in orthodontic patients after the insertion of elastomeric separators, its effects on daily life, and its association with age and sex in a population not previously studied in this regard. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 130 patients undergoing orthodontic treatment included collecting data on demographics, pain experienced following the placement of separators, time of onset, duration, characteristics, change in dietary pattern or chewing side, intake of analgesics, and severity of pain on the Wong Baker's scale. The results are reported as counts and percentages. Associations between sex and age were evaluated using Pearson's chi-square test. Results: Among the 130 patients, 56.2% were 9-20 years old, 63.8% experienced pain following the insertion of separators, 22.9% had their first episode of pain at 4 hours, 56.6% experienced intermittent pain, and 37.3% experienced discomfort; 18.1% males and 81.9% females experienced pain following the insertion of separators. Pearson's chi-square test showed a significant association between pain and sex (P = 0.04). Most patients (37.3%) reported "hurts little more" for pain intensity on Wong Baker's scale and 21.7% reported all four quadrants as sites of pain. Conclusions: The pain experienced after separator insertion was associated with sex and age. Females experienced more pain than males and patients between the age range of 21 and 36 years suffered more pain during mastication than between 9 and 20 years old.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.1404-1415
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• 1992

To understand the factors influencing Atrial fibrillation and embolism in mitral valve surgery and prevent their risk, we have reviewed our 324 patients who underwent mitral valve surgery from Fev. 1982 to May 1992. Age, disease duration, lesion type, left ventricular function and left atrial dimension were chosen as preoperative factors influencing the incidence of atrial fibrillation and embolism and their postoperative course, The number and type of replaced valve, site of atriotmy, LA obliteration, ACT and use of Defibrillator were chaser. as operative factors influencing postoperative rhythm change and postop emb-olization. The results of analyses were as follows 1. The incidence of preoperative atrial fibrillation, systemic embolism and LA throbmus was 63. 6%, 10.56% and 19.8% relatively. 2. The preoperative factors of atrial fibrillation onset was old age, prolonged symptom duration, stenotic lesion, lager LAD and lower ejection fraction. In the preoperative systemic embolism preoperative factors were old age, female, stenotic lesion. The left atrial thrombus found more commonly in patients with atrial fibrillation, old age, prolonged symptom duration, stenotic lesion and low ejection fraction. 3. The preoperative atrial fibriation persisted postoperatively in 165[50.9%] and converted to normal sinus rhythm in 50[15.4%]. The preoperative normal sinus rhythm per-eisted in 100[31%] and atrial fibrillation was occured postoperatively in 9[2.7%]. The prolonged symptom duration was the preoperative factor of persist atrial fibrillation. 4. Among 95 long term follow-up patients, atiral fibrillation was continued in 59[60%]. Conversion to normal sinus rhythm was more common significantly in left atriotomy and bileaflet valve replacement. 5. There were 12 patients who had postoperative embolism. Female, persist atrial fibrillation, no LA olbiteration and tilting disc monocusp valve were considered as possible factors influencing postoperative embolism but was impossible to analyse their statistical significance due to small sample size. So we have concluded that the patients with above risk factors need anticoagulant and early surgical intervention. Left atriotomy with minimal atrial injury, left auricular obliteration and bileaflet valve replacement may be needed to reduce postoperative atrial fibrillation persist and embolism.