• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.131-137
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• 1996

This study was aimed at providing valuable information that can help the government and the housing development staff deal with the problem with ‘Redevelopment Apartment Rehabilitation’ in Ulsan city.For the purpose of this study, questionaire are constructed with contents about socio-demography factors, housing factors. attitute forward reconstruction, and housing needs of respondents. questionaire were collected from 232 housewives living in old-aged and deteriorated apartment houses in Ulsan. Apartment houses of respondents are 5 floor. more than 100unit houses. and above 10 years old the living size of apartmet is less than 25 pyoung(82.5m2) per unit house and average living size is 16~20 Pyoung(52.8m2~66.Om2)/unit house. Average family size is 4-5 persons. and average income is about 1,200,000 Won(about $ 1,500) Per month. The major findings are as follows :First, they want the reconstruction of old-aged and deteriorated apartment house very positively.Second. they want high rise building, more lager parking lot. market. sports facility. and play yard for children. Third they want that size of unit house is 26~30 pyoung85.8m2~99.0m2). the number of room is 3~4, the number of bathroom is 1-2. and type of access is stair style.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2013

The Gongju Sanseong Traditional Market, the subject of this study, was formed in the early 1900's, and along with the development of Gongju, it has been constantly changed and expanded up until now. The Sanseong Traditional Market located in Gongju, the Korea's representative historic city, exhibits merits in the aspects as a city based on the symbolic significance of the city where it is located and historical characteristics; however, it also presents some problems as well in consideration of user convenience and accessibility. Thereupon, this study conducted literature review on traditional markets, field research with a field trip, and a survey in order to analyze the spatial characteristics of the market environment and grope for the methods of activation. The conclusion suggested through this is as written below: First, the changes of types regarding spatial use according to the modernization project of traditional markets are essential, so about the spatial use according to the spatial changes, it is needed to distribute it balancedly considering the central space of the market. Second, with the understanding of the spatial types of traditional markets, it is needed to build a plan for alternation in the types of physical space based on that. Third, it is necessary to suggest the methods of integrated spatial use among standing markets and 5-day markets. In particular, through the approaches from the aspects of architectural and urban design and through reasonable spatial planning, a systematic approach considering the convenience of the users and merchants using it as their living space should be prioritized. And lastly, it is needed to reorganize the space according to the physical and non-physical methods in order to figure out the methods of activating traditional markets in agricultural areas and minor cities. With the complex approaches above, we can grope for the methods of activating traditional markets.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제16권
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• pp.139-159
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• 2005

In many countries the demographics clearly informs us that an aging population represent a serious problem. To this extent senior citizens welfare does matter it has developed into a public debate and genuine concern. it seems that the social issues are focused on how the socity views the social welfare policies. In a modern welfare state where the emphasis lies in pursing a high standard of living and thereby high quality of life. This does not cover the very well the old people in society, but the government clearly carries an obligation to look after and care for the retired & old people in the society. This obligation the social and economic impact that an old person faces as he/she grows old. it is important ensure that their lives carries a meaning and that they as a group will not be estranged from the mainstream of society just because they are considered to be part of the aging population. The key issues that must be addressed are 1) The impact of reduced spending power from less income. a lower income stream; 2) increasing health problems and costs; 3) the natural degradation of ones physical & mental powers; 4) and thereby an isolation from the public in general. So clearly the social policy related to the old people in society should be developed with the consent of what they believe is important to them. To ensure their minimum income level that a beneficiary of an old person's pension will receive, the monthly pension should be reflected by the official price index and be adjusted accordingly. by making the job market open for the senior citizens, expending the mandatory retirement age, give companiesincentives to hire senior citizens, there maybe an opportunity to extend to the aging population the possibility to continue to participate in the society at large.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제28권4D호
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• pp.523-531
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• 2008

본 연구는 신규 아파트 가격의 규제에 대한 결과로 나타난 신규 아파트의 분양가격과 입주 시점의 매매가격의 차이 즉 프리미엄의 원인을 규명하고자 하였다. 분석 결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 부산지역 아파트 시장은 기존의 주택 형태에서 벗어나 새로운 형태의 아파트에 대한 수요가 높은 것으로 생각할 수 있다. 분석결과 아파트의 층수가 고층이고 타워형 아파트인 경우에 가격 상승이 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 주택의 형태도 더 많은 베이를 가진 아파트가 가격이 상승하는 것으로 드러났다. 둘째, 신규 아파트의 가격은 주거한 후에 평가되는 가격이 아니므로 가격상승에 대한 기대감을 높여주는 단지정보가 가격상승에 중요하게 작용하는 것으로 분석할 수 있다. 유의하게 나타난 변수는 녹지율과 아파트 세대수, 브랜드 및 도심지 접근성 등과 같은 변수였는데, 이러한 경향은 기존의 중고 아파트에 대한 연구 결과와 동일한 것이다. 셋째, 신규 아파트 중에서도 대단지의 규모를 가지며 건설업도급순위 상위에 위치하는 건설회사의 브랜드 아파트가 가격 상승률이 높은 것으로 분석되었는데, 이는 지역 건설 업체의 불리한 상황에 대한 반증이기도 하다. 넷째, 변수들 중에서 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 변수는 아파트 분양가인 것으로 드러났다. 각종 선행연구들에서는 아파트 가격 상승요인으로 정부의 분양가격 규제정책을 지목하였는데, 분양가격의 규제로 인해 주택의 초기 분양가가 시장가격보다 낮게 책정되어 아파트 입주시에 가격이 상승하게 된다는 것이다. 또한 하부시장 특성에 대한 중요성을 알 수 있었는데, 중고주택시장의 상승률, 제1선호구와 제2선호구, 아파트 비율이 유의한 영향을 끼치는 것으로 나타났다.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제9권7호
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• pp.43-52
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• 2018

Purpose - The main purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of children's age on maternal labor supply in Korea using survival analysis. Specifically, we focus on the career re-interruption of women having children under age 12, which has rarely been studied in the existing literature. Research design, data, and methodology - We use micro data from the Korea Labor and Income Panel Study (KLIPS) surveyed from 1998 to 2016. Instead of using a pre-school child dummy or the number of young children as an explanatory variable, 9 children's age dummies are included to capture the effect of nurturing 0 to 9 years old children. This study estimates the hazard of a woman's exiting the labor market after her first experience of the career interruption, rather than the hazard of the first career interruption itself. A Cox proportional hazard model is applied to numerically capture the impact of children's age on behavioral changes in maternal labor supply. The sample used in this analysis is women between 15 and 54 years old. Most of all, we restrict the sample to women who had at least a child between 0 and 12 years old at the time of quitting their jobs. Results - The Cox proportional hazard model estimates show a strong negative effect of a 0-year-old child on maternal labor supply. Mothers with newborns have a high hazard ratio of labor force exit after the re-entry. The hazard of women with infants is three times higher than those with children aged 10 to 18. Additionally, the results show that not only newborns, but also children in the age of school-entry have a negative impact on their mother's labor supply. Conclusions - The findings reveal that children's ages need to be properly expanded and included when analyzing the effect of children and their ages on married women's labor supply, especially on women's career re-interruption. A large negative effect of 7-year-old children on maternal labor supply found here indicates that supporting mothers with school age children as well as pre-school children is necessary to prevent mothers from leaving the labor market.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.70-78
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• 2002

The landscape disign of Gamcheon wholesale fish Market was designed around a turnkey base to promote the economy of Busan Metropolitan City, to establish a fishery marketing center and to modernize existing facilities. The objectives of the project were to promote the mood of an old market, while preserving its functions and efficiency as a market, to design outdoor spaces with natural resources and amenities in balance, and to create attractive tourist spots in connection with the wide area development plan. The project was oriented, fast, to enhance the functions of the market. For this purpose, a multi-dimensional space layout was designed in consideration of functions as a wholesale market. The safety of pedestrians was secured by separating lathes for vehicles and for pedestrians. Tree planting with various functions such as sheltering, wind breaking and guiding was planned. Secondly, nature-friendly and human-friendly landscaping design was attempted. For this, the beautiful natural resources of Amnam Park were utilized, and green spaces such as green bridges linking buildings in the wholesale market, and rooftop gardens were to be arranged. In addition, environment-friendly facilities such as roads paved with natural materials(i.e. gravel, shells) and program parking lots were to be planned. Thirdly, landscape design was considered to create attractive tourist spots. For example, a fish farm was created as a theme street for pedestrians and various water-friendly spaces such as pedestrian ramps, observatories and seaside streets were to be secured. The main contents are as follows. First, a green bridge to Ahnnam Park was introduced for a tour source and flower garden, an event plan and viewing deck open to the sea were planned on the bridge's axis. Secondly, for the effective land use plan concerning open space and convenience to visitors, a promenade was planned, which is connected with the theme plaza and small plazas by environmental sculptures in front of the market hall and at the gate. As well, an observatory and a roof garden help create three dimensional multi leveled space, with a good view of the natural landscape of the sea, sky and park Thirdly, landscape materials, such as trees and those for facilities, strengthened for protection against the seawind and salt damage were selected. The commercial market area was intended to be transformed a traditional functional area of efficiency and economy into an attractive marine leisure area where both tourists and neighbors can make use of it.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.209-214
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• 1987

A survey to determine the zinc content of early-infant food sources was conducted. Collected samples from various lots were human milk from volunteer mothers and infant formula and market milk from markets. The determined results by Atomic absorption Spectrophotometer were as follows: 1. Averages of Zn were 201$\pm$144 $\mu\textrm{g}$/dl in human milk, 2.243$\pm$0.888 mg/100g in infant formula, 292$\pm$90$\mu\textrm{g}$/dl in market milk and showed the decline trend by the lactation periods in human milk. (p<0.01) 2. Estimated daily intake of Zn from human milk was higher than that from infant formula in 3 months old infants.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.25-29
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• 1996

The Debreu-Gale-Nikaido theorem [2] is a potential tool to prove the existence of a market equilibrium price. Walras' law is of a quantitative nature (i.e. it measures the value of the total excess demand), and it is interesting to note that the existence result holds true under some qualitative assumptions. In fact, the Debreu-Gale-Nikaido theorem states that the continuity of the excess demand function and Walras' law has the following implication : For some price and corresponding value of the excess demand function, it is not possible to respond with a new price system such that the value at the new price of every element in the value of the demand function associated with the old price system is strictly positive.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2017년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.191-192
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• 2017

After 1980's, as economy was rapidly grown and real estate market was active, greatly increased in population has been supplied to the city. Accordingly, national apartment house market is located in the form of Urban Housing Culture. However, as time goes by the apartment houses where the supply of mass became superannuated and residential environment became poor. So, the environment of old apartment houses has been changed to improve with reconstruction. It has been changed in response to the demands of the times. It is one of essential part in a remodeling field for the future although it has some problems in the way that uses existing buildings.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.158-164
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• 2006

The American ginseng is getting popular in the world market with cooling effects. This paper study history of the cooling effect of American ginseng. Most references include one's assertion on the cooling effect of American ginseng based on the old chinese believe. However, American ginseng was discovered in 1716 and export to China from mid 18 century. Concerning on the time period for clinical demonstration to get people's believe, it is not sufficient to conform the cooling effects of American ginseng. That is why the American ginseng was sold as an inferior goods compare oriental ginseng until mid 1970s. United State FDA also does not certify any effectiveness of Ginseng yet. However, it is important to study on the American ginseng because of rapid growth in the world ginseng market.