• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.87-96
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• 1991

The change of water level at Mokpo Harbour and its adjacent coastal area due to the construction of the Youngsan Estuary Barrage and the Third Land Reclamation Work of estuary barren had been roughly expected. Periodical floods, which occur 2 times per month, are also being observed at the low lying commercial areas near the Mokpo Old Harbor. Although it is said that the highest tidal current component among the tidal current records at the approaching channel to Mokpo Harbor is reduced to 6 kts, because of the esturary barrage, they do not give any precise statement or a deep analysis for the flooding and periodical water level change under certain environmental conditions. Moreover, they never tried the analysis of development plan considering the natural disaster such as typhoon or other extreme conditions. Thus, it is necessary to collect and analyze the data related to floodings, harbor oscillations, currents, and water quality , etc. because of the development considering the extreme condition. Thus, it is necessary to collect and analyze the data related to floodings, harbor oscillations, currents, and water quality, etc. because of the development considering the extreme condition and to evaluate the field observation and measurement, including the numerical model simulation based on the scientific approaches. This study deals the problem of the water level change among the integrated analyses of the coastal area changes. The result can be used for the integrated planning to give a strong foundation and it will contribute to the development of local area.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.21 no.2 s.24
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• pp.374-379
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• 1988

In order to prepare the fundamental data for preventing the hazardous effects at toluene exposure in many kinds of industry, the authors determined the level of urinary hippuric acid on 592 toluene exposed women(exposed group) and 102 unexposed women(control group) in Pusan area, from April. 1 to October 31, 1986. Hippuric acid was measured by high performance liquid chromatography. The results were summarized as follows; 1. The mean value of urinary hippuric acid concentration of the control group was $0.44{\pm}0.21g/l$(0.11-0.89g/l). The distribution of urinary hippuric acid concentration of the control group was not fit to the normal distribution. 2. The mean value of urinary hippuric acid concentration of the exposed group was $1.56{\pm}0.95g/l$(0.44-4.57g/l). The distribution of urinary hippuric acid concentration of control group was not fit to the normal distribution. 3. The urinary hippuric acid concentration by age group was not statistically significant in the control group, but in the exposed group the urinary hippuric acid concentration was highest in women between 20-29 years old($1.71{\pm}0.95g/l$) and was statistically significant(p<0.01). 4. The urinary hippuric acid concentration by duration of working hours was not statistically significant (p>0.1).

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.561-569
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• 2020

This study was done to develop indicators for cities that can be used in the long term and in a sustainable manner. Activation indicators were developed to improve the resilience in the downtown area of Seo-gu, Incheon. Preliminary indicators were derived from prior studies on similar indicators of resilience for urban regeneration, and an expert opinion survey was conducted to analyze the suitability and importance of the indicators. Activation indicators were established for improving urban resilience in six areas: population stability, social inclusion, industrial diversity, local productivity, environmental sustainability, and social-based convenience. From 60 preliminary indicators, 42 indicators were selected through the expert opinion surveys for securing an economically active population, establishing a living infrastructure, improving the settlement environment, and upgrading industry to reflect the characteristics of the West, including industrial complexes. It was found that diversification is necessary. Further study is still necessary to improve the objectivity of the indicators and calculate a resilience index. The significance of this study is that it looks at quantitative indicators, complements other studies on regional decline diagnosis, and presents realistic alternatives suitable for domestic situations based on the concept of resilience.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.49-56
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• 1994

This study was carried out to investigate the levels of copper, zinc, manganese, nickel, cadmium and mercury content in breast milk among urban, rural and industrial lactating women in Korea. A total of 59 samples, which were collected from 17 in urban, 20 in rural and 22 in industrial area, and from 21-38 years-old healthy lactating women, were analyzed by Rigaku Mercury Analyzer for mercury, and by atomic absorption apectrophotometry for the other metals. The results are summarized as follows : The mean trace metal contents in breast milk were determined to be 0.34$\pm$0.14 ppm for copper, 2.01$\pm$1.43 ppm for zinc, 8.49$\pm$5.11 ppb for manganese, 7.75$\pm$5.73 ppb for nickel, 1.65$\pm$2.42 ppm for cadmium, 34.45$\pm$26.71 ppb for lead and 0.90$\pm$0.68 ppb for mercury. For the trace metal content in breast milk by area, the highest of copper, zinc, cadmium and mercury content were in urban, the highest of manganese content was in industrial, and the highest of nickel and lesd content were in rural. For copper, zinc, manganese and lead content in breast milk by lactation period, the highest levels were found in under 4 weeks after lactating, and subsequently the levels declined as lactation progressed, but the levels of zinc and manganese content increased from over 25 weeks after lactating. For cadmium and mercury content in breast milk by lactation period, the lowest levels were found in under 4 weeks after lactating, the highest levels were found in 5-12 weeks after lactating, and subsequently the levels declined as lactation progressed.For nickel content in breast milk by lactation period, the highest level was in 13-24 weeks after lactating, the lowest level was in 5-12 weeks after lactating.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1671-1680
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• 2014

The purpose of this research is to observe the rate of breastfeeding and to identify factors related to the breastfeeding in rural area. We conducted a survey targeting 139 mothers whose infants are less than 60 months old in Ulju-gun, Ulsan. SPSS Win 18.0 program was used as the data analysis and a statistical statement by mean, standard deviation, and logistic regression analysis. According to the findings of this study, it indicated that the factors affecting the rate of breastfeeding in a rural region are mothers'job, 1 month breastfeeding after birth and the education of breastfeeding before birth. In this study we need to continuously conduct the breast feeding education by hospitals or clinics before birth, so that breast feeding can be provided well after birth. Also, we need to establish the social system and atmosphere without any disadvantages resulting from maternity leave so that working mothers can provide full breast feeding for six months after birth because the return to work can interfere with the practice of breast feeding.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.123-129
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• 2014

Paris hasn't experienced such excitement since the huge changes brought about by Baron Haussmann in the 19th century. Paris Rive Gauche project, started in 1991, is the largest urban project in city ever since, it represents about 1% of Paris territory. It takes place on a workshops, factories and warehouses area that prospered along the Seine river and the railways in the 19th century. Originally planned as a business quarter, Paris Rive Gauche, developed by SEMAPA for the City of Paris, fosters urban diversity through housing, offices, public facilities, shops, creating a stimulating neighbourhood where 18,000 residents, 30,000 students as well as 60,000 employees will soon croth paths. This project's main principles are urban and social diversity, deployment of public facilites, the development of new university campus inside the city, promotion of industrial patrimony and connecting the old 13th distict to the river and the opposite side. Half of the project is going to be built on a concrete slab that covers the railway tracks which is one of the major performances of this long-term project. This concrete slab represents the new level of the City, about 6 to 8 meters above the railway tracks. We distinguish three families of buildings on the cover : Classic buildings; Bridges buildings and Connection buildings, these last guarantee the linkage between old and new level of the City.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.323-334
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• 2007

This study was made to analyze the condition and the needs of nutrition education considering the different stage of nutrition education recognized by the dietitian in industrial area. 165 female dietitian were surveyed by questionnaire and they were divided into 4 groups according to the different recognition stages of nutrition education: Pre-contemplation(PC) 4.8%, Contemplation(CO) 46.7%, Preparation(PR) 22.4%, Action & Maintenance phase(AM) 26.1%. For statistical analysis, SAS(Ver.8.1. for Window) was used to find out the distribution related with nutrition education and to calculate the scores of mean and standard deviation. General characteristics of the subjects are about 20 years old(71.5%), single(69.7%), careers over 5 years(40%) and university graduates(73.9%). The number of meals(p<0.05) and the employment status(p<0.05) were significantly different according to the recognized stage of nutrition education. The practice of nutrition education was different depending on the dietitian in the industry. Many of the factory dietitian were in pre-contemplation stage(87.5%), however, those in the office and service area were more in Action & Maintenance stage(27.9%). In the industrial area, just 26.1% of dietitian operated the nutrition education and most did not due to the work overload and insufficient support of staff(73.3%). The frequency for the most effective nutrition education was once a month(61.2%). The contents for desirable nutrition education were in the order of 'eating habits'(36.1%), 'relation with the daily life'(23.5%), 'food hygiene' (21.7%), 'nutrition knowledge'(9.7%), and 'disease prevention'(9%). In operating nutrition education, dietitian had concerns about 'insufficient support of staff', 'shortage of teaching materials' and 'lack of time'. And, the dietitian who were with lower recognition stage of nutrition education(P<0.05) concerned more about the insufficient educational contents. In conclusion, dietitian in the industry highly recognized the need of nutrition education, but it was so difficult to practice. For more programs and various materials should be developed, and the staff's perception, the view of dietitian and the meal service should be changed, too. For the health improvement of industrial workers, it would be necessary to proclaim the importance of nutrition education nationwide.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.95-104
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• 2012

Objectives: The goal of this study was to investigate the relationships between proximity to an industrial complex and blood lead levels and urinary cadmium levels. Methods: We conducted a questionnaire survey and analyzed blood lead and urinary cadmium levels using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAs). Data was analyzed using logistic regression analysis. All statistical analyses were conducted with SAS software version 9.2. The distance between the residence and an industrial complex was calculated through a Geographical Information System (GIS). Results: A total of 967 residents living near a large petrochemical complex in Ulsan participated. The geometric mean levels of blood lead and urinary cadmium were $1.70{\mu}g/dl$ (male: $1.77{\mu}g/dl$, female: $1.67{\mu}g/dl$), and $0.72{\mu}g/g$ creatinine (male: $0.49{\mu}g/g$ cr. female: $0.89{\mu}g/g$ cr.), respectively. Blood lead and urinary cadmium levels both increased with age and were higher among smokers compared to never smokers. Both significantly showed a decreasing trend with rising income. Results from multiple logistic regression analysis showed that urinary cadmium levels for subjects aged less than 20 years old were negatively associated with distance from the industrial area to the residence. The results, however, indicated that the blood lead levels were positively associated with the distance. Conclusions: The results of this study support that proximity to an industrial complex is related to urinary cadmium values for children. A positive finding with blood lead can be explained by the ambiguity of lead exposure sources in the general environment.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.4266-4276
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• 2012

This study intend to analysis the main issue of deterioration of old housing complex for reproduction and derive the solution. Most of existing reproduction of hosing complex pushed to improve residential environment or expected rise real estate in value. For that reason, there was a limit to improve social problem of urban area behind hosing complex and surrounding area. Because government propel to make brand of city, have parking facilities and rise floor space index rather than established reproduction plan based on the aging problem of housing complex. Therefore, city need to deduct major reproduction issue to improve aging problem and prepare effective counterplan in complex and surround area by reproduction. This study progress through three steps of research. First, arrange problem of aging complex and way of response sustainably. Second, understand the importance by group toward improvement and aging problem that appear aging apartment complex through survey and opinion of expert. Third, comprehend major reproduction issue over this.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.5835-5843
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• 2014

This study examined the Hanghae-Gamsa's (the local governor of Hanghae-Do) utilization of the governing institutions in Hanghae-Do during the Sulryeok (an inspection tour around the Gamsa's ruling area). For this purpose, the four Hanghae-Gamsa's official diaries were closely investigated, which were written from the 18th century to the early 19th century. The main results of this study are as follows: 1) the routes of Hanghae-Gamsa's Sulryeok and some sightseeing parts; 2) the arrival route of newly appointed Hwanghae-Gamsa and the site of Gyogwui (the change-over ritual ceremonies) between old and new Hwanghae-Gamsas; and 3) utilization of governing institutions in Hanghae-Do during the Sulryeok focusing on his duties and ritual ceremonies.