• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.43-56
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• 2001

1. All Essential oils have antibacterial properties. 2. Essential oils reduce contamination. 3. Most of essential oils acts as an antofungal, antiviral, antiparasitic, antimicrobial agent and antioxidants. 4. They contain anions, ozone, and oxygenating molecules. 5. It is belueved that they take chemicals and metallices out of the air by breaking the molecular chain. 6. In France, it was reported that various essential oils prevent a side effect of radiation. 7. The essential oils travel via the olfactory nerve stimulating a emotional and phychological response that is believed to be responsible for releasing genetic blue priting from the cells thus releasing emotional trauma.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.389-393
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• 2003

The essential oils from Cedrus atlantica, Styrax tonkinensis, Juniperus communis, Lavandula angustifolia, Melaleuca alternifolia, Pelargonium graveolens, Pogestemon patchouli and Rosmarinus officinalis were analyzed by GC-MS. Antifungal activities of the oils were investigated by disk diffusion assay and the broth dilution method against Aspergillus niger and A. flavus. The effects of geraniol and the essential oil fraction from P. graveolens on the antifungal activity of amphotericin Band ketoconazole were examined using a checkerboard microtiter assay against both Aspergillus fungi. Most of the tested essential oils, with the exception of C. atlantica, J. communis, and P. patchouli, significantly inhibited growth of A. niger and to a lesser extent that of A. fIavus, with MICs (minimal inhibitory concentrations) in the range 0.78-12.5 mg/mL. The essential oil fraction of P. graveolens and its main components, geraniol and citronellol, exhibited additive effects with amphotericin B and with ketoconazole against both Aspergillus species, resulting in fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) indices ranging from 0.52 to 1.00.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.281-285
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• 1992

Essential oils isolated from five angiospermic plants viz. citrus medica, trachyspermum amminepeta hindostana, amomum subulatum, and hyptis suaveolens have been tested against four fungiviz. aspergillus awamori, alternaria matini, aspergillus nidulans and penicillium sp. at 100ppm, 500 ppm, and 1, 000ppm. The oils of c. medica, n. hindostana and t. ammi were found to be effective in checking growth of fungi, while the hyptis and amomum oils were observed to be the worst effective. The antifungal poitency of some of the oils has been compared with synthetic fungicides viz. dithane m-45, ceresan and captan.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.273-279
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• 2000

Until recently performance requirements for automatic transmission fluids have continued to change to reflect the design changes of automatic transmission. The major purpose for these design changes is to improve the fuel economy and easy driving. To meet recent performance requirements fur automatic transmission the needs for special base oils Bike API Group III and IV base oils become larger. In this paper to evaluate the effects of base oils on performance of automatic transmission fluids formulated with API Group I,II,III and IV and Dexron III and Hereon Type additive package, Brookfield viscosity, oxidation test, SAE No.2 friction test and seal compatibility test were examined. From the test we knew that the use of Croup III and IV base oils in ATF has several benefits in low temperature viscosity, oxidation stability and SAE No.2 friction characteristics.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.384.1-384.1
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• 2002

The antifungal activities of the essential oils from Citrus borgamia. Ciderus atlantica. Cymbopogon ditratus, Eucalyptus globulus. Juniperus communis. Lavandula angustifolia. Melaeuca aterinfolia. Pelargonium graveolens. Pogestemon patchouli. Rosmarinus officinalis. Styrax tonkinensis. and Thymus vulgaris, which are recommended for the treatment of microbial infections in aromatherapy and complementary medicines. were tested against Trichophyton spp. The activities were measured by broth dilution method and disk diffusion assay. As the results, most of the test oils inhibited growth of T. tonsurans. T.mentagrophytes. T. ferugineum. and T. rubrum. Eapecially, the essential oils from C. atlantica. C. ditratus. e. globulus, and P. graveolens showed the strongest activity among the tested herb oils showing MICs between < 0.09 and 0.39 mg/ml.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.66 no.4
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• pp.284-297
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• 2022

The antibacterial activity of metallic nanoparticles (NPs), especially silver (Ag), has been investigated during the course of time in various chemical reactions for antibiotics free agents. Green synthesis of metallic NPs using either microorganisms or plant-extracts has appeared as a simple and replacement to chemical and physical methods. The synthesizing of these NPs through ecofriendly methods signifies an exceedingly applicable approach for offering economical, preferring scalability and possessing negligible ecological influences. Essential-oils are among the subordinate metabolites of plants and their antibacterial anti-inflammatory characteristics have been investigated widely and are commonly attained from the aromatic plants. The usage of essential-oils as reducing agents in biosynthesizing of Ag NPs bring together the interaction of a vital antibacterial agent that simplify the nucleation and growth process within the NPs formation. This review article is offering a progressive process of Ag NPs synthesis using essential oils along with proposing the most applicable formation mechanisms and their antibacterial activities.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.108-114
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• 1997

The skin permeation study has two meanings in cosmetics. One is how to promote the skin permeation of active meterials for improving their bioavailabilities and the other is how to decrease it of irritants for reducing their skin side effects. In this study, we selected methyl paraben, one of the preservatives, as a model irritant and tried to reduce the skin irritation by the decrease of skin permeation. Furthermore, the relationship between skin permeation and skin primary irritation was discussed. For in vitro skin permeation experiments, Franz type diffusion cells and the excised skin of female hairless mouse from 8 weeks old were used. The donor compartment was charged with oil only or O/W emulsion containing 0.3% MP. We selected 19 oils, including esters, triglycerides, plant oils, hydrocarbons, and alchols, which are broadly used in cosmetics. We evaluated with female guinea pig. The skin permeahility of MP from the oils showed following order: ester oils > triglycerides > plant oils > hydrocarbons > alcohols. We considered that this result was based on the different effect of each oil on the barrier function of stratum corneum. In O/W emulsion containing each oil, the skin permeability of MP decreased as the oil/water partition coefficient of MP increased. The skin primary irritation increased as the skin permeability of MP increased. In conclusion, we suggest that the skin irritation could be reduced by the decrease of skin permeability of MP, which may be obtained by the good selection of oils in cosmetic preparations.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.41 no.8
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• pp.578-582
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• 1998

Grape seed oil was characterized to assess the usefulness in the food industry. Among the various oils, the initial antioxidant activity was the highest for grape seed oil. Heating the oil at $180^{\sim}C$ for 20 min retained 86% of the initial activity. Grape seed and sesame oils showed a low peroxide value, about 2, implying a less oxidative reaction. The oxidation of grape seed oil was increased to a less extent by heat-treatment than other oils. Light exposure for 1 month resulted in a slight decrease in the antioxidant activity of grape seed oil, maintaining 96% of the initial activity. Other oils were all light-susceptible and the activities decreased significantly. The peroxide values of all the oils increased by light exposure, but the extent of oxidation was still the least for grape seed oil. The addition of grape seed oil to perilla oil was very effective, in that the peroxide value was 5-times decreased by 1 : 5 composition of grape seed oil versus perilla oil. These results indicate that grape seed oil can be used as a good cooking oil or an additive for other oils.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.90-101
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• 2007

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of abdominal meridian massage either with the use of aroma oils or without using the oils for the relief of constipation in institutionalized children with cerebral palsy. Method: Using a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design, 40 children were randomly assigned to experimental (n=21) and control (n=19) groups. The experimental group received abdominal meridian massage with mixture of aroma oils, and the control group received abdominal meridian massage only. Prior to the intervention, baseline data were collected, and then abdominal meridian massage with or without aroma oils were given to both groups every morning for 15 minutes a day, six days a week, for 2 weeks. Outcome measures were number of bowel movements, amount of stool (gm), and frequency of laxatives, suppositories or enema. Using SPSS/Win 12.0 program, data were analyzed by $X^2$ test, t-test, and repeated measures ANOVA. Results: Children in the experimental group defecated a larger volume of stool, and used fewer laxatives than those in the control group. The treatment effects lasted for 1 week after treatment. Conclusion: Abdominal meridian massage with aroma oils appears to be an effective adjunct maneuver in relieving constipation among institutionalized children with cerebral palsy.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.97-102
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• 2007

A total of 39 essential oils were tested for antifungal activities as volatile compounds against five phytopathogenic fungi at a dose of 1 ${\mu}l$ per plate. Five essential oils showed inhibitory activities against mycelial growth of at least one phytopathogenic fungus. Origanum vulgare essential oil inhibited mycelial growth of all of the five fungi tested. Both Cuminum cyminum and Eucalyptus citriodora oils displayed in vitro antifungal activities against four phytopathogenic fungi except for Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The essential oil of Thymus vulgaris suppressed the mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides, Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani and that of Cymbopogon citratus was active to only F. oxysporum. The chemical compositions of the five active essential oils were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. This study suggests that both E. citriodora and C. cyminum oils have a potential as antifungal preservatives for the control of storage diseases of various crops.