• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2012년도 학술발표회
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• pp.643-643
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• 2012

Increasing energy prices and growing concerns about global warming address the need to improve energy self-sufficiency in many industrial and municipal sectors. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are representative of energy-consuming facilities in Korea, accounting for 5% of national energy consumption. We present renewable energy technologies and energy self-sufficiency scenarios in a municipal WWTP ($30,000m^3d^{-1}$) located in Yongin, South Korea. By employing photovoltaics (PV, 135 kW), small hydropower turbine (10 kW), and thermal energy from treated effluent (25 RT: refrigeration ton) within the WWTP, a total of 142 tonne of oil equivalent (toe) of energy was estimated to be generated, accounting for $365ton\;CO_2\;yr^{-1}$ of greenhouse gas emission reduction. Core renewable technologies under consideration include 1) hybrid solar PV system consisting of fixed PV, dual-axis PV, and building integrated PV, 2) low-head small hydropower plant specifically designed for treated effluent, 3) effluent heat recovery system for heating and air conditioning. In addition to these core technologies, smart operation and management scheme will be presented for enhancing overall energy savings and distribution within the WWTP.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.253-259
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• 2016

This study demonstrates the result of mooring analysis for five spread-moored FPSOs having different length-to-breadth (L/B) ratios from 4.5–6.5. FPSOs are subjected to four metocean conditions, ones from the Gulf of Mexico (Hurricane/Loop current condition), West Africa, Nigeria, and Brazil Campos Basin, which are amongst the most typical offshore oil and gas fields. With change in design parameters of OBA (Outer bundle angle) and IBA (Inner bundle angle) combinations, a change in the line tension is demonstrated and the OBA-IBA combinations having the smallest line tension are presented for each L/B ratio and sea, respectively. This study is expected to influence the preliminary design layout of an FPSO spread-mooring system as a function of the L/B ratio and metocean conditions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.781-790
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• 2011

The effects of seedtime and maturity stage on nutritive value of five maize stover varieties, including conventional maize (Kexiangyu 11, CM), fodder maize (Huqing 1, FM), high oil maize (Gaoyou 115, HOM), sweet maize (Kexiangtianyu 1, SM) and waxy maize (Kexiangluoyu 1, WM), were examined based on chemical composition, in vitro gas production and in situ incubation techniques. Maize stover was sampled at d 17 and d 30 after tasseling, and designated as maturity stage 1 and stage 2, respectively. The average dry matter (DM) organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP) and fiber contents were the greatest for HOM, SM and FM, respectively. CM had the highest in vitro organic matter disappearance (IVOMD) and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration. The highest ammonia nitrogen ($NH_3$-N) concentration in the incubation solution, and effective degradability of DM ($ED_{DM}$) and neutral detergent fiber ($ED_{NDF}$) were observed in SM. Advanced maturity stage increased (p<0.05) DM content, $ED_{DM}$ and $ED_{NDF}$, but decreased (p<0.05) OM and CP contents, and decreased (p<0.05) b and a+b values, IVOMD and molar proportion of valerate in the incubation solution for maize stover. Maize sown in summer had greater (p<0.05) OM content, but lower DM, CP, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) content compared with maize sown in spring. Maize sown in summer had greater (p<0.001) IVOMD, $NH_3$-N concentration in the incubation solution and $ED_{NDF}$, but lower (p<0.01) ratio of acetate to propionate compared to maize sown in spring. The interaction effect of variety${\times}$seedtime was observed running through almost all chemical composition, in vitro gas production parameters and in situ DM and NDF degradability. The overall results suggested that SM had the highest nutrient quality, and also indicated the possibility of selecting maize variety and seedtime for the utilization of maize stover in ruminants.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.405-412
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• 2011

국내 TCE에 의해 오염된 산업 공단내의 지하수 정화 방법으로 양수 및 처리(pump and treatment) 공법이 제안되었다. TCE 농도 0.6 mg/L 오염 지하수를 30년 동안 이 공법에 의해 처리하여 0.005 mg/L 이하 농도로 방류할 경우 그 과정에서 발생하는 환경 비용과 환경 편익을 전과정평가에 의해 산출하였으며 그에 따른 환경 영향 및 환경 효과를 분석하였다. 방류 지하수의 총량은 $2.96{\times}10^7m^3$이며 제거된 TCE의 총량은 최대 17.6 kg이었다. 환경 비용은 에너지의 소비, 자원의 소비, 대기, 수질 및 고형 폐기물 형태의 오염 물질의 배출량 등으로 산출되었으며 환경 편익은 정화된 지하수의 사용으로 얻어졌다. 환경 비용에 따른 환경 영향은 30년 동안 구동하는 pump에 의한 전력 사용, 발전을 위해 소모되는 석유, 석탄 등의 원자재의 소모, 방출되는 지구 온난화 및 산성 가스, 부영양화, 폐기물의 발생을 포함하며 토양/지하수 정화 공정 전과정평가 모델의 사용으로 정량화하고 전세계 일인당 소모 또는 배출하는 표준량으로 나누어 표준화하여 비교한 결과 산성비 원인 오염물 배출이 가장 심각하였다.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.28-33
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• 2007

예로부터 중요한 에너지원인 석탄은 화석연료 중 가장 풍부하며 세계 각지에 골고루 분포되어 있다. 저급연료인 석탄을 보다 효율적으로 활용하기 위하여서 직접 연소에 의한 에너지 획득뿐 아니라 열분해 및 가스화를 통한 청정 고부가 가치의 연료로 전환기술이 개발되고 있다. 석탄 가스화를 통하여 생성된 합성가스는 전기 생산 및 화학물질의 합성 등 여러 가지 방법으로 활용이 가능하며, 공해물질 발생저감 및 에너지 이용효율 증가를 위하여 석탄 가스화 기술이 계속적으로 발전되고 있다. 석탄의 가스화는 steam, 공기, 질소 등을 agent로 이용하게 되는데, 주로 steam이 gasification agent로 이용되고 있으며, 이 때 생성가스의 특성은 가스화기의 온도, 압력 그리고 steam/carbon 비에 의해서 결정되게 된다. 본 연구에서는 초고온의 steam을 이용하여 석탄의 가스화를 수행하고 steam/carbon 비에 따라 생성된 $H_2$, $CH_4$, Co 그리고 $CO_2$ 등의 가스특성 및 tar, ammonia, cyan과 같은 부산물의 생성에 대하여 연구를 수행하였다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.609-628
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• 2015

Thie study presents the biomass-derived jet (bio-jet) fuel production technologies for greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction in aviation sector. The aviation sector is responsible for the 2% of the world anthropogenic $CO_2$ emissions and the 10% of the fuel consumption: airlines' costs for fuel reach 30% of operating costs. In addition, the aviation traffic is expected to double within 15 years from 2012, while fuel consumption and $CO_2$ emissions should double in 25 years. Biojet fuels have been claimed to be one of the most promising and strategic solutions to mitigate aviation emissions. This jet fuel, additionally, must meet ASTM International specifications and potentially be a100% drop-in replacement for current petroleum jet fuel. In this study, the current technologies for producing renewable jet fuels, categorized by alcohols-to-jet, oil-to-jet, syngas-to-jet, and sugar-to-jet pathways are reviewed for process, economic analysis and life cycle assessment (LCA) on conversion pathways to bio-jet fuel.

• Journal of Advanced Research in Ocean Engineering
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.106-114
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• 2015

In the fabrication of offshore oil and gas facilities, the significance of dimension control is growing continuously. But, it is difficult to determine the deformation of the structure during fabrication by simple lab tests due to the large size and the complicated shape. Strain-boundary method (a kind of shrinkage method) based on the shell element was proposed to predict the welding distortion of a structure effectively. Modeling of weld geometry in shell element is still a difficult task. In this paper, a concept of imaginary temperature pair is introduced to handle the effect of geometric factors such as groove shape, plate thickness and pass number, etc. Single pass imaginary temperature pair formula is derived from the relation between the groove area and the FE mesh size. By considering the contribution of each weld layer to the whole weldment, multi-pass imaginary temperature is also derived. Since the temperature difference represents the distortion increment, cumulative distortion curve can be drawn by integrating the temperature difference. This curve will be a useful solution when engineers meet some problems occurred in the shipyard. A typical example is shown about utilization of this curve. Several verifications are conducted to examine the validity of the proposed methodology. The applicability of the model is also demonstrated by applying it to the fabrication process of the heavy ship block. It is expected that the imaginary temperature model can effectively solve the modeling problem in shell element. It is also expected that the cumulative distortion curve derived from the imaginary temperature can offer useful qualitative information about angular distortion without FE analysis.

• 동굴
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• 제95호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2009

온실가스와 지구촌 온난화, 그리고 이를 치유하기 위한 인간의 노력과 필요한 대안기술은 마치 성난 자연을 잠재우기 위한 노력과 그에 필요한 재원을 동원하기보다도 더 어려운 일인가보다. 한정된 화석연료는 수십 년 내에 고갈될 수밖에 없으며, 국제무대에서 나라마다 자원을 확보하려는 외교활동의 치열함은 마치 자원 확보를 위한 전쟁을 방불케 하는 모습이다. 화석연료의 고갈은 친환경 녹색성장이라는 새로운 대안정책을 불러왔고, 태양에너지 활용을 위한 태양전지기술은 날로 발전을 거듭하고 있으며, 이와 함께 세상을 밝혀주기 위한 조명광기술은 석유등, 백열등으로부터 발광다이오드에 이르러 첨단 광역시장을 이루었다. 따라서 이들을 탄생시킨 반도체기술로부터 태양전지와 발광다이오드를 접목시켜 일체화시킨 SOLAR-LED 시스템과 함께 저탄소녹색조명의 동굴응용 기술을 조명한다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2007

최근 미국 에너지 시장에서 수송용 바이오연료 생산과 바이오매스자원으로부터의 원료공급 가능성 등에 대하여 조사 연구되었다. 미국의 국가에너지정책의 1차 목표는 수입원유에 대한 의존을 줄이고 다양한 국내자원으로 에너지생산을 증가시키는 것으로 2030년에는 현재 수송용 에너지의 20%를 바이오연료로 대체할 목표이다. 정책적으로 청정공기법령(Clean Air Act), 연방청정연료(Federal Clean Fuel) 프로그램 및 American Jobs Creation Act를 통하여 바이오연료 사용을 증가시키는 노력을 하고 있다. 에너지 원료로서 산림바이오매스는 년간 3억 6800만 dry tons, 농업에서 얻어지는 원료는 현재의 BT기술을 이용한 작물품종 및 경작기술 개발, 농지사용 변화를 기반으로 했을 때 년 간 총 9억 9800만 dry tons이고 이중에서 목질계 바이오매스는 8억 1800만 dry tons이다 현재의 농업상황에서 생산되는 량의 5배에 해당하는 바이오매스 공급가능성이 예측되었다.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.427-439
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• 2018

Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) units have the advantages of their ability to provide storage and offloading capabilities which are not available in other types of floating production systems. In addition, FPSOs also provide a large deck area and substantial topsides payload capacity. They are in use in a variety of water depths and environments around the world. It is a good solution for offshore oil and gas development in fields where there is lack of an export pipeline system to shore. However due to their inherently high motions in waves, they are limited in the types of risers they can host. The Low Motion FPSO (LM-FPSO) is a novel design that is developed to maintain the advantages of the conventional FPSOs while offering significantly lower motion responses. The LM-FPSO design generally consists of a box-shape hull with large storage capacity, a free-hanging solid ballast tank (SBT) located certain distance below the hull keel, a few groups of tendons arranged to connect the SBT to the hull, a mooring system for station keeping, and a riser system. The addition of SBT to the floater results in a significant increase in heave, roll and pitch natural periods, mainly through the mass and added mass of the SBT, which significantly reduces motions in the wave frequency range. Model tests were performed at the Korea Research Institute of Ships & Ocean Engineering (KRISO) in the fall of 2016. An analytical model of the basin model (MOM) was created in Orcaflex and calibrated against the basin-model. Good agreement is achieved between global performance results from MOM's predictions and basin model measurements. The model test measurements have further verified the superior motion response of LM-FPSO. In this paper, numerical results are presented to demonstrate the comparison and correlation of the MOM results with model test measurements. The verification of the superior motion response through model test measurements is also presented in this paper.