• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.23-37
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• 2001

Marine environment has been polluted and damaged by many sources such as industrial waste, natural seepage, oil spill and offshore production etc. Among them, oil spill from oil tankers is one of most harmful sources to marine lives as its input amount is huge at a limited area for short period. In Korea, the port of Yeosu is known to be very vulnerable to oil spill with large amount of petroleum transported across the harbour. In this regards, the author analyzed and reviewed marine environment and appropriate response to marine oil spill at this area. For these purposes, oceanographic and meteorologic features as well as regional characteristics of harbor facilities, shipping routes, marine traffic and fisheries were investigated, also traffic densities were analyzed in order to check marine accident probabilities making direct observations for 72 hours visual1y and by portable radar.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.17-54
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• 2012

This paper researched market responses for listed companies in several industries affected by the major oil spill accident off the coast of Taean, in December 7, 2007. The Taean accident triggered considerable concerns in people over the possibility of potential future regulation in shipbuilding and petroleum industries. However, the accident also provided an unexpected business opportunity for environmental clean-up industry and shipbuilding industry. The oil spill triggered the acceleration of the enactment of policies that require all new oil tankers to be constructed with double hull, which is interpreted as a good news for shipbuilding industry. Increased public pressure coupled with the prospect of tightened regulation is expected to decrease the market values of firms in the affected business fields. The stock prices of shipbuilding companies dropped after the incident but dramatically surged after the enactment of the policy in January 31, 2008. Our study also found that companies with more extensive prior environmental disclosure had less negative market reactions during the first sixteen days following the accident.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.168-177
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• 1998

Five and a half months after the Keumdong oil spill accident on the 21$^{st}$ of September 1993, 34 seawater samples and 94 sediment samples were collected from Kwangyang Bay and Namhaedo area to assess its environmental impacts. Hydrocarbon concentration in the seawater ranged from 0.8 to 9.2 ${\mu}$g/1 with an average of 3.3 ${\mu}$g/1. This average value was nearly the same as the value(3.7 ${\mu}$g/1) before the oil spill accident. This suggests that by the early March of 1994 majority of the coastal water in the study area restored to its background hydrocarbon concentration before the oil spill accident. Nutrients, heavy metals and other general environmental parameters of the seawater did not show any aggravated seawater quality compared with the previous records. From the regression analysis of time-course observation of hydrocarbon in the seawater, except the sediment environment, the effect of oil spill on the water column was estimated to last at least 4 months in the study area after the oil spill accident. In the shoreline sediments, oil deposits were, however, still found at the high water marks at several stations, and very high values were found in the west of Namhaedo, ranging from 3.7 to 40.1 mg/g of wet sediment. Gas chromatography of these samples showed a very distinct Bunker C chromatogram identical to the Keumdong oil spill. Hydrocarbons in the subtidal bottom sediments in the study area and the reference stations (YB and CB) ranged from 0.45 to 18.08 ${\mu}$g/g of wet sediment with an average of 3.09 ${\mu}$g/g. West of Namhaedo (Stations Bl2-B33) generally showed much higher values than inner Kwangyang Bay and in Chinju Bay. Chinju Bay generally showed the lowest value among the study area. Subtidal bottom sediments in inner Kwangyang Bay and Chinju Bay seemed to be less affected than west of Namhaedo. Heavy metal concentrations in the sediment were relatively higher in the Kwangyang Bay than in the Chinju Bay. However, metal concentrations in the study area were in general comparable to the reference areas.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.249-256
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to suggest the strategies of building disaster resistant communities to overcome communities destruction and vulnerability caused by the Hebei Spirit oil spill accident in Taean on December 7th, 2007. For accomplishing the purpose, we drew problems of approach based on context of community, governance strategy, and community-based approach. And based on the results of this analysis, suggestions were made as follows for building disaster resistant communities. First, when Hebei Spirit oil spill accident occurred we have been short of regional study and unreality of regional safety plan. For overcoming this points, we have need of activation of regional study and establishment of regional safety plan based on the bottom-up approach. Second, while the spill has brought a milestone activation of volunteer, we have not still efficient disaster management based on governance. So we have to establish network-governance to cooperate with government-business-private sector for efficient disaster management. Third, we argue that it is important to build social capital such as social networks, social contacts for community-based disaster resistant communities.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.64-67
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• 2008

According to grow maritime activities in coastal zone, a threat increase to the marine environment from oil spill. The success or failure of initial effort depends on the adequacy of the plan and the ability of immediate execution. Successful response to oil spills requires critical information in real time topics, including spill data, environmental conditions, ecological factors. Diverse simulation provides tactical decision-makers with the information on the movement of pollutant.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.466-472
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• 2011

Hazardous chemicals, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and heavy metals, are known as being harmful to human health were included in oils released by the Herbei Spirit Oil Spill accident in December 2007. To investigate changes of eating habits by the exposure to harmful substances, we conducted 5 focus group interviews for residents at Taean coast areas, who had experienced the oil spill accident. Participants included 46 women (mean age: $57.2{\pm}10.9$) who were mainly responsible for preparing family meals. Focus group discussions were audio-taped, transcribed and categorized by themes. Participants expressed more frequent illness symptoms such as dizziness, vomiting, visual loss, and skin diseases after the accident. They mentioned that their worries about economic hardship and worsened health status since the accident induced mental problems, such as depression about their children. Regarding eating habits, participants reported less intakes of fishes and meats and relatively more intakes of vegetables and kimchi due to the lack of household incomes after the accident. Although the participants had been used to collecting or catching fish or shellfish for their consumption previously, they mainly purchased these foods from local markets after the accident. Changes of eating habits induced by the accident included drinking boiled water and having steamed or fried seafood rather than raw seafood. Changes of food intakes occurred less frequently in older adults due to their longterm fixed eating habits, although they felt uncomfortable for having raw fish. The findings of this study clearly present that the exposure of hazardous substances by the oil spill accident had a significant impact on changes in eating habits besides economic, physical, and mental problems among the residents in Taean. Continuous health and nutrition monitoring and support are needed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.283-288
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• 2009

Estimations of oil slick area after M/T Herbei Sprit accident in December 2007 were analyzed using ENVITSAT ASAR(Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar) microwave and KOMPSAT-2 of high resolution data. Monthly end short-term variations of chlorophyll a concentration before end after M/T Herbei Sprit oil spill accident were also analyzed using SeaWiFS/MODIS ocean color data. The oil slick areas estimated by KOMPSAT-2 and ASAR satellites were 59,456 $m^2$ and 1,168 $km^2$, respectively. The winds before end after oil spill accident were prevailed the northerly and northwesterly winds, and the strength of wind in this accident was stronger than 10 m/sec. In Taean and Anmeon-do, monthly mean chlorophyll a concentrations(6.3 mg/$m^3$ and 3.7 mg/$m^3$) in January 2008 alter the oil spill were higher than those(2.9 mg/$m^3$ and 2.5 mg/$m^3$) in December 2007. Short-term variations of chlorophyll a in these areas were decreased alter one or two weeks of oil spill.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.73-81
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• 2009

Objectives : This study presents a scientific basis for the establishment of an environmental health contingency plan for dealing with accidental coastal oil spills and suggests some strategies for use in an environmental health emergency. Methods : We reviewed the existing literature, and analyzed the various fundamental factors involved in response strategies for oil spill. Our analysis included data derived from Hebei Spirit oil spill and used air dispersion modeling. Results : Spill amounts of more than 1,000 kl can affect the health of residents along the coast, especially those who belong to vulnerable groups. Almost 30% of South Korean population lives in the vicinity of the coast. The area that is at the highest risk for a spill and that has the greatest number of people at risk is the stretch of coastline from Busan to Tongyeong. The most prevalent types of oil spilt in Korean waters have been crude oil and bunker-C oil, both of which have relatively high specific gravity and contain volatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and metals. In the case of a spill of more than 1,000 kl, it may be necessary to evacuate vulnerable and sensitive groups. Conclusions : The government should establish environmental health planning that considers the spill amount, the types of oil, and the distance between the spot of the accident and the coast, and should assemble a response team that includes environmental health specialists to prepare for the future oil spill.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.443-449
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• 1999

The investigation of the amount of the ecosystem damage on the shoreline due to the NAHODKA oil-spill accident, which occurred in the Sea of Japan, was attempted by using geoinformatics. At first, it was assumed that symbolical vegetation's distribution could be specified in the coast in Ishikawa Pref. where the heavy oil was washed, and surveyed the regional distribution. Then, the presumption result of those environmental capacities was arranged by GIS. In addition, the amount of the ecosystem damage was presumed as cost necessary though a symbolical living thing for the retreat because of the base line by the heavy oil drifting ashore was recovered. By comparing the vegetation line and the surveying data which shows environmental capacity, the retreat areas of the vegetation were 1100-1200 $m^2$. When the amount of damage on the ecosystem of the NAHODKA oil-spill accident was presumed based on the retreat area of this vegetation and the restoration cost, the amount of damage within Shioya beach which 150m in the surveying range became 2 to 2.5 million Yen. Because the extension distance from the Shioya beach to the Katano beach was about 3,500m, the amount of damage became about 46 to 65 million Yen. As a result of calculation for the amount of damage on the ecosystem of the NAHODKA oil-spill accident, it was estimated approximately 1,400 to 2,000 million Yen in the shoreline of Ishikawa Pref., because the total extension of beaches in Ishikawa Pref. is about 110km.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2011

The underlying principle of environmental conservation and restoration is to receive continuous services from nature. In this context, the basic objective of oil spill response and recovery activities is to allow affected residents to retain sustainability of their daily livelihood and productive environment. Hence, monitoring the status of socio-economic impact and the extent of restoration is an important parameter in the restoration effort to repair the damaged functions of environmental services with oil spill accident. However, assessment of socio-economic impact poses investigators with much difficulties in selecting the most appropriate approaches because the process often involves various stakeholders, directly and indirectly. Moreover, the analyses and interpretation of the results also pose a great challenge. The present study monitored fisheries and tourism numbers which were considered as major local socio-economic indicators of living and production environment affected by M/T Hebei Spirit oil-spill accident. This monitoring was conducted by examining the published papers and statistical reports. This was supplemented by surveying how the local residents actually felt about the damage and recovery for the first time in Korea. The results showed that the rate of the recovery was about 40~50 %, and the rate of the recovery seemed to be slowed or decreased. However, what the local residents actually felt was 2~10 points less than the literature surveys and statistical reports. These results suggested limits to using only the literature and statistical surveys for the traditional socio-economic impact assessment. The study also showed the need to include in the impact assessment process what and how the local residents actual feel about the oil spill damage and recovery process.