• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.905-910
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• 2004

저장기간 동안 죽초액을 첨가한 팜유와 돈지는 뚜렷한 산패 억제 효과를 보였으며 과산화물가, 산가, TBA가 등 항산화효과는 농도가 증가함에 따라 비례적으로 증가하였고 그 중에서 죽초액 1.0%를 첨가하였을 때의 효과가 가장 좋았으며 그 정도는 BHT 0.02% 첨가하였을 때와 유사하였거나 더 좋았고 ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ 0.02% 첨가한 것보다는 월등히 높은 산화억제 효과를 보였다. 각 식용유지에 죽초액의 첨가량을 달리하였을 때 유도기간과 상대적 항산화효과는 농도가 증가할수록 크게 나타났으며 죽초액 1.0% 첨가가 팜유와 돈지에 대하여 유도기간은 각각 21.24일과 12.37일이었고 상대적 항산화효과는 각각193.97%와 1671.62%로 나타나 죽초액은 돈지에 대한 산화안정성이 팜유에 비하여 컸다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.622-626
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• 1994

Propolis를 몇 가지 용매로 추출하여 분획물을 얻고 이를 palm oil과 lard에 단독으로 혹은 synergist와 함께 첨가하여 항산화 효과를 Rancimat을 이용하여 측정하였다. 용매별 추출,수율은 68.1%(75% ethanol), 75.5%(99% ethanol), 67.4%(methanol), 86.7%(chloroform), 72.6%(ethyl acetate), 65.6%(butanol)였다. Methanol 추출물이 항산화 효과가 가장 우수 하였고 palm oil 보다는 lard에서 더욱 효과적이었다. Ethanol(75%) 추출물을 chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol 및 water 순으로 분획 하였을 때 ethyl acetate 분획물은 조추출물보다 항산화 효과가 상승하였다. 또 ethyl acetate fraction 600 ppm에 synergist로 ascorbic acid(200ppm)을 palm oil에 첨가 했을 때와 ${\dalta}-toocopherol(200ppm)$을 lard에 첨가했을 때 높은 항산화 상승 효과를 보였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.404-412
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• 2016

We hypothesized that supplementing finishing diets with palm oil would promote adipogenic gene expression and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) gene expression in subcutaneous (s.c.) and intramuscular (i.m.) adipose tissues of feedlot steers. Eighteen Angus and Angus crossbred steers were assigned to three groups of 6 steers and fed a basal diet (control), with 3% palm oil, or with 3% soybean oil, for 70 d, top-dressed daily. Tailhead s.c. adipose tissue was obtained by biopsy at 14 d before the initiation of dietary treatments and at 35 d of dietary treatments. At slaughter, after 70 d of dietary treatment, tailhead s.c. adipose tissue and i.m. adipose tissue were obtained from the longissimus thoracis muscle. Palm oil increased plasma palmitic acid and soybean oil increased plasma linoleic acid and ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid relative to the initial sampling time. Expression of AMP-activated protein kinase alpha ($AMPK{\alpha}$) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ($PPAR{\gamma}$) increased between the initial and intermediate biopsies and declined thereafter (p<0.03). SCD gene expression did not change between the initial and intermediate biopsies but declined by over 75% by the final period (p = 0.04), and G-coupled protein receptor 43 (GPR43) gene expression was unaffected by diet or time on trial. Soybean oil decreased (p = 0.01) $PPAR{\gamma}$ gene expression at the intermediate sample time. At the terminal sample time, $PPAR{\gamma}$ and SCD gene expression was less in i.m. adipose tissue than in s.c. adipose tissue (p<0.05). $AMPK{\alpha}$ gene expression was less in s.c. adipose tissue of palm oil-fed steers than in control steers (p = 0.04) and CCAAT enhancer binding protein-beta ($CEBP{\beta}$) gene expression was less in s.c. and i.m. adipose tissues of palm oil-fed steers than in soybean oil-fed steers (p<0.03). Soybean oil decreased SCD gene expression in s.c. adipose tissue (p = 0.05); SCD gene expression in palm oil-fed steers was intermediate between control and soybean oil-fed steers. Contrary to our original hypothesis, palm oil did not promote adipogenic gene expression in s.c. and i.m. adipose tissue.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.133-145
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• 2017

Palm oil production is among the highest worldwide, and it has been mainly used in the food industry and other commodities. Currently, a lot of palm oil production has been destined for the synthesis of biodiesel; however, its use in applications other than the food industry has been questioned. Thereby for a sustainable development, in this paper the use of palm oil of low quality for corrosion inhibitors synthesis is proposed. The performance of the synthesized inhibitors was evaluated by using electrochemical techniques such as open circuit potential measurements, linear polarization resistance and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results indicate that the fatty amides from palm oil are excellent corrosion inhibitors with protection efficiencies greater than 98%. Fatty amides molecules act as cathodic inhibitors decreasing the anodic dissolution of iron. When fatty amides are added, a rapid decrease in the corrosion rate occurs due to the rapid formation of a molecular film onto carbon steel surface. During the adsorption process of the inhibitor a self-organization of the hydrocarbon chains takes place forming a tightly packed hydrophobic film. These results demonstrate that the use of palm oil for the production of green inhibitors promises to be an excellent alternative for a sustainable use of the palm oil production.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.61-69
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• 2004

The shelf-life of Yugwa(Busuge) is very short because of the low oxidative stability of soybean oil which is conventionally used as the frying oil of Yugwa base with high porous structures. To identify the possibility of replacing soybean oil with palm oil whose oxidative stability is high, POV(peroxide value), AV(acid value), colorness (L. a and b), hardness and sensory characteristics during storage of the Yugwa base fried with the soybean oil and palm oil stored in the anaerobic packaging or the aerobic packaging at 10 and $30^{\circ}C$ for 75 days were measured. POV and AV of the Yugwa base fried with palm oil were significantly lower than those of Yugwa fried with the soybean oil. Hardness and colorness were not different each other and, sensory evaluation was slightly higher than that fried with soybean oil. Lipid absorption amount was not significantly different between the Yugwa base fried with palm oil and the one fried with soybean oil.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.158-162
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• 2010

The effect of fuel injection characteristics on engine performance has been known for improving fuel economy and emission reduction. In this study, the spray characteristics of crude palm oil blended fuel with conventional diesel fuel was investigated. The experiments were performed to evaluate the effect of crude palm oil blending ratio and injection pressure on the spray behavior. The droplet size of injected fuel was analyzed through laser diffraction particle analyzer (LDPA). Also, spray atomization characteristics were investigated in terms of Sauter mean diameter (SMD) and droplet distribution at various injection conditions. Fuel containing crude palm oil has different spray pattern on account of the high viscosity. Through those experimental results, we found that the increase of blending ratio made droplet size larger, SMD of biodiesel 100% was increased 30.2% than that of diesel fuel 100% under injection pressure of 60 MPa.

• 한국폐기물자원순환학회지
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.571-586
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• 2018

The Malaysian biogas upgrading technologies and policies were examined. In Malaysia, the regulation of palm oil mill effluent (POME) has been enforced to reduce the biochemical oxygen demand to 20 ppm and the biogas capture in the palm oil mills have been recently enforced for renewable energy. A huge amount of organic waste is produced from POME, and 80 million tons from palm oil trees, every year. Due to the renewable energy trends, the Malaysian government is modifying the use of biogases as fuels in favor of their conversion into compressed natural gas (CNG) and other chemicals; various green policies are being promoted because of many advantages of the organic substances. The Korean policies for biogas are a good model for exporting environmental plants after upgrading the digestion and purification technologies. Therefore, this article introduces the current status of POME and biogas production in Malaysia, it could encourage creating a new market for biomethane.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.465-470
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• 1991

대두유, 팜유, 쇼트닝 그리고 대두유에 팜유를 각각 50%, 70% 배합한 혼합유로 French fry용 감자를 반복 튀김 했을 때 튀김기름의 열분해 및 산화에 대한 안정성을 알아보기 위하여 10회의 반복튀김에 사용된 기름을 매회 취하여 산값, 과산화물값, TBA값, 색도, 굴절율, 비중 등의 이화학적 특성을 측정하였다. 열분해 및 산화에 대한 대두유의 불안정성은 대두유에 팜유를 배합함으로써 감소시킬 수 있었는 바, 대두유에 대한 팜유의 비율이 커질수록 그 안정성이 증가하였다. 팜유가 50% 배합된 혼합유의 경우에는 대두유를 단독 사용했을 때 보다 그 안정성이 현저히 증가하였고 팜유가 70% 배합된 혼합유의 경우에는 팜유를 단독 사용했을 경우와 거의 같았다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.519-524
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• 1996

An investigation was carried out to study the microbial colonization and degradation of five crop residues, viz., sago waste, rice straw, oil palm trunk shavings, untreated palm press fibre and palm press fibre teated with 3% ammonium hydroxide in the rumen of goats. Colonisation by rumen bacteria and fungi was already established on all the five crop residues 8 h after incubation. However, the extent of colonization varied among the crop residues. Microbial colonization was poor on palm press fibre (treated and untreated) but more extensive on sago waste, oil palm trunk shavings and rice straw. By 24 h, most of the soft-walled tissues in sago waste, rice straw and oil palm trunk shavings were degraded leaving the thick-walled tissues extensively colonized by bacteria and fungi. Degradation on palm press fibre was still limited. At 48 h, the thick-walled tissues of sago waste, oil palm trunk shavings and rice straw showed various degrees of degradation - from small erosion zones to large digested areas. Bacterial growth was similar to that at 24 h but fungal growth was less. On palm press fibre, microbial colonization was more extensive than at 24 h but degradation of the fibres was still limited. Degradation of all the five crop residues at 72 h was somewhat similar to that at 48 h. Overall, microbial colonization and degradation were the most extensive on sago waste, followed by rice straw and oil palm trunk shavings, and the least on palm press fibre (treated and untreated). Dry matter loss of the five crop residues at the various incubation periods also showed the same order of degradation.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.1754-1762
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• 2016

Finite difference analysis were applied to study the principle operation of monopole antenna for moisture determination in oil palm fruit at 2 GHz. The electromagnetic field interact with oil palm fruit on the interface between the antenna and oil palm fruit and cause a reflection. The reflection measurement is based on mismatch impedance or dielectric properties between two media. Reflection coefficient is used to quantify the level of reflection. The monopole antenna was made of RG405/U semi-rigid coaxial cable with an inner and outer diameter of 0.45 mm and 1.50 mm, respectively with 2.23 mm length of protruding conductor over 5.66 cm length of monopole antenna. This monopole antenna for moisture detection was compared with induced EMF method in terms of reflection coefficient at 2 GHz. The results show that the complex reflection coefficient measured using monopole antenna provides significant results to predict moisture content in oil palm fruit.