• 한국분무공학회지
• /
• 제2권3호
• /
• pp.17-24
• /
• 1997

A simplified experiment was performed to figure out the atomization characteristics of rice-bran oil which it is highly viscous liquid by applying ultrasonic energy. A spray system, an ultrasonic system, and three kinds of hole-type nozzles(hole diameter: 0.31, 0.34, 0.37mm) were manufactured. To investigate the effects of ultrasonic energy on the atomization of a highly viscous liquid, a phase doppler particle analyzer was used for measurement and calculation of spray droplets data. Nozzle opening pressures were chosen of 3 levels, i.e, 16, 20, and 24MPa. As a result, it could be concluded that the ultrasonic energy was effective to improve the spray atomization when it applied to the fuel by means of 3 different nozzles because of the effects of the liquid fuel cavitation and relaxation between molecules caused by ultrasonic energy. The improvement rate of the spray atomization by the ultrasonic method compared with the conventional spray increased about 15% in the case of hole type nozzles. By increasing of the nozzle opening pressure and decreasing of the hole diameter, the atomization of spray droplets was improved.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.146-153
• /
• 1997

An experiment was conducted to figure out the atomization characteristics of a highly viscous biodiesel fuel with rice-barn oil applying and ultrasonic energy into it. A spray simulator for the droplet atomization, an ultrasonic system, and six different nozzles(3 pintle-type nozzles and 3 single hole-type nozzles) were made. To investigate effects of ultrasonic energy in a highly viscous liquid fuel, an immersion liquid method was used as a measurement method on droplet size distributions. It was found that the ultrasonic energy was effective for the atomization improvement of the rice-bran oil as a highly viscous biodiesel fuel and the factor나 such as the nozzle opening pressure, pin-edge angles, hole diameters, and collection distances affected the atomization of spray droplets.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제42권4호
• /
• pp.439-446
• /
• 2015

Kimbugak is one of Korea's traditional snacks made of laver. This study was conducted to investigate the physical drying and frying characteristics of kimbugaks made by a pasting & garnishing machine. The drying and frying characteristics should be analyzed to develop a continuous operation system for manufacturing kimbugak because kimbugak has a high moisture content after pasting process. Materials for pasting and garnishing on laver were rice gruel and sesame. The aluminum shelf with square hole was selected as a drying shelf. The recommended size of the square hole type was $1.5mm{\times}1.5mm$ because characteristics of deformation and easy separation from the shelf were excellent at the hole size. The drying time of 2 hours was also recommended with the drying temperature of $70^{\circ}C$ based on the test results such as dried condition (good), moisture conten t (3.7%), deformation (12.1 mm), and shrinkage rate (19.8%). As the frying conditions for dried kimbugaks, recommended oil temperature and frying time were $170^{\circ}C$, 15 seconds, respectively when corn oil was used. In the case of frying for undried kimbugaks, recommended oil temperature and frying time were $210^{\circ}C$, 2 - 3 minutes, respectively for improvement of work efficiency.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제30권6호
• /
• pp.662-668
• /
• 2006

The effects of fuel injection nozzle hole on the NOx emission and fuel oil consumption of medium speed diesel engine HYUNDAI HiMSEN 6H21/32 engine are investigated by engine performance simulation. The results of performance simulation are verified by experimental results of NOx omission fuel oil consumption, cylinder pressure, and heat release rate according to the variation of the number of fuel injection nozzle hole and engine load. The performance simulations are also carried out to optimize the fuel injection nozzle of 6H21/32 engine in respect to the NOx emission and fuel oil consumption. The engine performance measurements are performed to verify the results of performance simulation and to investigate the effects of fuel injection nozzle on engine performance. The results of measurement indicate that significant NOx reduction can be achieved with minimum deterioration in fuel oil consumption by optimizing the geometry of fuel injection nozzle on 6H21/32 engine.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
• /
• 제4권4호
• /
• pp.21-31
• /
• 2001

바다에서 발생하는 유조선 등으로부터의 기름 유출사고는 해양환경을 크게 훼손하는 재앙에 속한다. 이러한 사고에 효과적으로 대응하기 위해서는 사고의 초기에 기름의 유출양을 정확히 판단하여 그에 적절한 대응방법을 수립하는 것이 필요하다. 기름 유출양의 추정을 위해서 사용되는 가장 간단한 방법은 토리첼리의 평형관계식을 사용하는 것이다. 하지만 이러한 평형관계식은 관성력과 점성력이 무시되었기 때문에 실제의 현상과는 다소 거리가 있다. 본 논문에서는 탱크로부터의 기름 유출양 산정을 위한 기초적인 실험과 수치계산을 수행하였다. 소형 유리 수조에 상자모양의 아크릴 기름탱크를 설치하고 종횡비가 다른 사각형의 유출구를 빠져나가는 기름의 양과 모양을 계측하였다. 그리고 유한체적법과 VOF법 등의 CFD 기술을 활용하여 기름과 물의 유동을 수치 시뮬레이션 하였다. CFD 계산견과는 실험에서 계측된 값과 좋은 일치를 보였으며, 복잡한 해난사고에서의 유출양 산정을 위한 CFD 기술의 활용가능성을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 논문의 실험조건에서 기름의 유출속도는 유출구의 형상에 따라 결정되는 유출구 내부의 마찰력에 의해 달라지며, 토리첼리 평형관계식으로부터 얻어지는 유출속도의 35~55%임을 알 수 있었고, 만약 유출구의 두께를 무시하면 종횡비에 상관없이 52%로 일정하게 추정되었다.

• 설비공학논문집
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.25-31
• /
• 2003

This paper addresses an oil supply enhancement device to resolve a shortage of oil supply or no oil supply at all encountered at low speed operation for a variable speed reciprocating compressor used for household refrigerators. The oil supply enhancement device comprises a moving cylinder attached to the lower end of crankshaft and two of fluid diodes, each one at the inlet and outlet of the cylinder. Up-and-down movement of the cylinder against the lower end of the crankshaft together with the functioning of the two fluid diodes produces net oil flow from oil reservoir to inside the crankshaft. The experiment on the test bench has shown that enough oil supply into the oil feeding hole cu be made by using this device even at low speed range. Some analytical study has also been carried out to under-stand its oil supply mechanism.

• Tribology and Lubricants
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.55-61
• /
• 1993

Recently, due to the erosion damage that were generated increasingly at alloy metals of slide bearing by cavity of lubricating oil with tendency of high speed and high output of reciprocating engine, there is a need to study the process on the formation of cavitation erosion, and the characteristic of cavitation erosion at lubricating oil environments under various condition for marine ship. Therefore, the apparatus of cavitation erosion experiment used 20 KHz, $24 \mu m$ piezoelectric vibrator. The main results obtained through this test method are as follows: 1. The max. erosion rate at lubricating oil environments was related to the change of space, oil film thickness, and shown to tendency of gear oil>system oil>turbine oil>mixed oil environments with different viscosity. 2. The pitted hole by cavitation erosion at high viscosity oil environments became small and deep, and in addition to, they appeared to be wide and shallow at low viscosity.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.138-143
• /
• 2006

Modification of injector, oil ring tension reduction and oil pump rotor re-matching with optimization of relevant engine control parameters could drive fuel consumption reduction of HSDI diesel engine. A 5 holes injector was replaced with a 6 holes with smaller nozzle hole diameter and 1.5 k factor, and evaluated in a view of fuel economy and emission trade-offs. With introducing smaller nozzle hole diameter injector, PM(Particulate Matter) was drastically decreased for low engine load and low engine rpm. Modification of oil pump and oil ring was to reduce mechanical friction and be proved to better fuel economy. Optimization of engine operating conditions was a great help for the low fuel consumption. Influence of the engine operating parameters· including pilot quantity, pilot interval, air mass and main injection timing on fuel economy, smoke and NOx has been evaluated with 14 points extracted from NEDC(New European Driving Cycle) cycle. The fuel consumption was proved to $7\%$ improvement on an engine bench and $3.7\%$ with a vehicle.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 유체기계공업학회 2006년 제4회 한국유체공학학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.545-546
• /
• 2006

A problem of oil supply for a reciprocating compressor is very significant for an evaluation of reliability. Since a rotational motion of a crank shaft for the reciprocating compressor with small capacity is used for a power source of oil supply, a centrifugal force of the rotational shaft provides a stroke of oil inside the shaft like a centrifugal pump. The pumped oil rises following an inner wall and provided to a bearing passed through an oil supply hole at the side of the shaft for lubrication of the bearing. In this study, the amount of oil supply has been investigated by a numerical analysis for various conditions such as a shape of a groove, rpm of the compressor, and a shape of a flow channel. Also, a method of increasing oil supply for a low rpm has been studied so that the function can be improved for a variable condition.

• 터널과지하공간
• /
• 제26권5호
• /
• pp.409-417
• /
• 2016

본 전통석유자원을 대체할 수 있는 석유자원으로 부상하고 있는 셰일가스가 부존된 셰일층은 낮은 투과성을 가지고 있어 생산성을 향상시키기 위해 수압파쇄법이 적용된다. 본 연구는 일반 시추공과 나선형 홈을 가지는 시추공을 모사한 축소 모형 시험체에 대해 실내수압파쇄 시험을 실행하고 초기파쇄압과 유체접촉상태를 비교 분석하여 공벽형상에 따른 수압파쇄결과를 알아보았다. 또 그 결과를 3차원 개별요소 프로그램인 3DEC을 이용한 수치해석 모델링 값과 비교하였으며, 선행연구 자료와 비교하여 신뢰성 있는 결과를 도출하고자 하였다. 실험결과 고압수의 접촉면적보다는 유도홈의 형태에 의한 응력집중의 효과가 수압파쇄에 더욱 효율적이였다. 따라서 고압수의 응력집중을 높일 수 있는 인공적인 유도홈을 만들 시 적은 수압으로 큰 파쇄효과를 나타낼 수 있을것으로 생각된다.