• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 1996

An experimental investigation on the two-phase flow through tube orifices was performed with the refrigerant mixture of R32/125/134a(30/10/60). A series of tests were conducted to generate wide range of data at varying operation conditions with four short tubes. The tests include both single and two-phase flow conditions at the inlet of the short tube with different oil concentrations. Experimental data were presented as a function of major operating parameters and short tube diameter. Based on test results and data analysis, a semi-empirical flow model was developed to predict the mass flow rate through short tube orifices with a given set of conditions. The flow model was formed to cover both single and two-phase flow at the inlet of short tube with considering the effects of oil concentration.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.79-86
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• 1998

This study was performed to suggest to suggest suitable design conditions of water curtain system through analysis on pressure down in boreholes by hydraulic tests carried out I construction fields for underground oil storages. The influence by hydraulic conductivities of rock mass around boreholes on pressure down in boreholes was analysed. The relationship between array of boreholes and their pressure down was also analysed. Groundwater flow analysis on crude oil and LPG storages was carried out to evaluate results of field tests and to investigate distribution of hydraulic gradient in rock mass around cavern using finite difference method. As the results, hydraulic tests showed that pressure down in boreholes was inverse proportional to the hydraulic conductivity of surrounding rock mass. The rate of pressure down of boreholes was not influenced by water curtain system more than 20m over cavern and was proportional to installation interval of boreholes. The hydraulic gradient in rock mass around cavern was proportional to distance and interval of boreholes and its value was not satisfactory to oil tightness condition in case of no water curtain system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2011

PIV measurements of the velocity field, pressure field, vorticity, and turbulent intensity in the rear of curved section of an oil fence with current speed showed that the flow directions in the rear of flow boundary area were similar to those in the front of it. As the current speed increased, the patterns of pressure distribution were changed, and the turbulent flow became more irregular. CFD simulations under the same conditions as the PIV tests showed that the flow patterns of the wake were similar to those by PIV tests in speed of 0.3 m/s and less, but were distinctively deviated from those in 0.4 m/s due to the flexibility of the oil fence, which was not properly taken care of in CFD modeling.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2006

Oil-fired power plant usually uses several burners and combustion air is supplied to each burner through the complicated duct which is called windbox. A windbox should be designed to supply combustion air to each burner uniformly but, due to the complicated duct shape, flow distribution in the windbox is unbalanced and non-uniform supplies of combustion air are induced by these unbalanced flows in the windbox. These flow patterns tend to make flame unstable, increase the formation of pollutants and lower the overall combustion efficiency. To prevent these disadvantages, flow patterns in the windbox should be investigated for the uniform flow distribution. In this study, computational simulation method was used to investigate the flow distribution in a windbox and measured the velocities at the exit of burners in a real windbox and model tests to compare with CFD results. The results show two significant flow patterns. One is that the flow rates of each burner are different from each other and this means that all burners operate in different conditions of air to fuel ratio. The other is that the flow distribution at the exit of each burner is not axi-symmetric although the burner shape is axi-symmetric. Additionally some modifications of windbox shape and installation of baffles were proposed to make the uniform flow in the windox.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.38 no.10
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• pp.1333-1339
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• 2014

As the demand for petroleum resources increases, and oilfields on lands and in shallow-sea become exhausted, the areas for oil production are expanding to the deep sea and therefore technologies for flow assurance are coming into the highlight. In low temperature environment such as the deep sea, wax is accumulated and prevents stable oil production. Therefore, the development of flow assurance technologies is required. Wax is precipitated in crystalline form when the oil temperature decreases below the wax appearance temperature; it then accumulates on the inner walls of pipelines causing blockages. In particular, in subsea pipelines, which have a large surface contact area with the surrounding seawater, wax deposition problems are frequent. The internal tubular coating can effectively reduce wax deposition without pausing oil production when the coating is appropriately designed. This study carried out wax deposition tests on a number of internal tubular coatings under single flow conditions. The results were analyzed for the effects that the physical properties of the coatings had on wax deposition.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.90-98
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• 2016

Currently government certified test method for an automobile remanufactured products is insufficient. Thus many automotive parts in the remanufacturing market are lacking proper evaluation criteria and production of defective products are causing customer dissatisfaction. In this paper a power steering oil pump, which requires stringent manufacturing standards, is studied by the failure mode and effect analysis approach. The research suggested that the test criteria such as discharge flow characteristic test, tightness test, pulley run-out test, pressure switch operation test, low temperature test and rotation pressure durability test should be performed to evaluate the reliability of remanufactured power steering oil pumps. As a result of tests, the performance of remanufactured power steering oil pump satisfied the evaluation criteria of pressure switch operation test and low temperature test. However, the remanufactured power steering oil pump failed to satisfy the evaluation criteria on discharge performance test, tightness test and pulley run-out test. These performance evaluation tests proved the necessity of standard process for the remanufactured power steering oil pump.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.199-206
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• 2004

In the multi-burner power plant, uneven supplies of combustion air to multi-burner are induced by unbalanced flow distribution in the windbox. These flow patterns tend to make flame unstable, increase the formation of pollutants and lower the overall combustion efficiency. To prevent these disadvantages, flow patterns in the windbox should be investigated and made to be distributed uniformly, In this study, scaled windbox model was used for tests and measured the velocities at the exit of the each burner and compared those with the CFD results.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.28-34
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• 1996

The lubrication characteristics of high-speed ball bearings have been investigated empirically using 45mm bore split inner ring ball bearings employed in small industrial gas turbine engines with oil-jet lubrication method. For the close structural simulation, experiments carried out with bearing mounting supports of real engines, such as bearing housings and oil nozzle assemblies with squeeze film dampers. Thus the results of tests can be directly applied to the design and the development of gas turbine engines. Testing was done by varying operating speeds, axial load on bearings, and lubricant flow rates. During testing, the temperature of bearing at outer-ring face, the power consumption of the driving motor, and the rotating resistance of the bearing were measured. From this study, the representative factors for lubrication characteristics at high speed was found, and the most important one was not operating speed but axial load up to 1.95 million dmN speed and 2969 N axial load. Furthermore, the detailed variation of the rotational resistance of the bearing could be visualized by measuring the change of the radial load under the bearing supports. The rotational resistance consists of the frictional resistance and the bearing-cavity oil resistance.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.75-83
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• 2014

Purpose - The oil price affects company value, which is the present value of the expected cash flow, by affecting the discount rate and cash flow. This study examines the nonlinear relationships between oil price and stock price using the AlphaShares Chinese Volatility Index as the threshold. Research design, data, and methodology - Data comprise daily closing values of the Shanghai Stock Exchange Composite Index, Shenzhen Stock Exchange Composite Index, and Hang Seng Index of ChinaWest Texas Intermediate crude oil spot price and AlphaShares Chinese Volatility Index from May 25, 2007 to May 24, 2012. The Threshold Error Correction Model is used. Results - The results demonstrate different relationships between the stock price index and oil price under different investor sentiments; however, the stock price index and oil price could adjust to a long-term equilibrium the long-term causality tests between them were all significant. Conclusions - The relationship between the WTI and HANG SENG Index is more significant than the Shanghai Composites Index and Shenzhen Composite Index, when using the AlphaShares Chinese Volatility Index (ASC-VIX) as the investor sentiment variable and threshold.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.17-24
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• 2009

Reburning is one of the most useful technologies for reducing nitric oxide in economically and technically. The reburning process was demonstrated as an effective NOx reduction method through injection of a secondary hydrocarbon fuel. An experimental study has been conducted to evaluate the effect of biomass reburning on NOx and CO formation in a light oil flamed combustion furnace. Reburning tests on NOx reduction of air-carried rice husk powder as the reburn fuel and light oil as the main fuel were performed in flames stabilized by a co-flow swirl and fuel staged burner, which was mounted at the front of the furnace. The results included flue gas emissions and temperature distribution in the furnace for several kinds of experimental conditions. It was observed clearly that NOx concentrations in the exhaust have considerably decreased due to effect of biomass reburning. The maximum NOx reduction rate was 42% when the reburn fuel fraction was 0.18. The CO emissions were kept under 42 ppmv in all experimental tests. And this paper makes clear that in order to decrease NOx concentration in the exhaust when the biomass reburning system is adapted, the control of some factors such as reburn fuel fraction and reburn zone fraction is very important.