• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.672-685
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• 2003

Yew (Taxus cuspidata Sieb.) chose that grow as medicine, food, decorative plant in Korea's Kyong-Gi province surroundings. Extracts of yew extracted leaf of 250 g and stems of 300 g with 1,3-butylene glycol (1,3-BG), propylene glycol (PG) and water. As results, external appearance of leaf extract of yew was slightly brown clear extract. The pH was 5.3$\pm$0.5, and specific gravity was 1.012$\pm$0.05, and refractive index was 1.375$\pm$0.05. Also, appearance of stem's extract was slightly brown clear extract, and the pH was 5.4$\pm$0.5, and specific gravity was 1.016$\pm$0.05, and refractive index was 1.358$\pm$0.05. Oil of yew separated from seeds, and extracted polysaccharide high purity from fruits. As a result, specific gravity of oil was 0.987, and obtained 40％ of yield. Total polyphenols amount of yew extract is detected 0.563％ in leaves, 0.325％ in stems, whereas total tannins amount contained 0.054％ and 0.037％ each in leaves and stems. As effect in cosmetics, the anti-oxidative effect by DPPH method is 75.0％ in leaves, and stems was 64.0％. Collagen synthesis rate was shown high activity by 54.16％ in stem's extract, 33.18％ in leaves' extract. Also, PPE-inhibitory activities were 13.7％ and 23.5％ each in leaves and stems. Anti-inflammatory effect of yew seed oil displayed superior effect of 41 ％ than control. Polysaccharide's molecular weight that is gotten from fruits was 5$\times$10$^4$~ 3$\times$10$^{5}$ dalton, and got 20.0$\pm$5％ of yield.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.23-36
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• 2000

Hurdle technique was used to remove cholesterol efficiently from liquid egg yolk. The quality of the low cholesterol egg products from the process were evaluated. From the 75 % cholesterol reduced egg yolk through $\beta$-cyclodextrin treatment. 2 times weight of soy bean oil was added to the egg yolk and homogenized followed by centrifuged to be maximized to remove cholesterol. When the pH of the yolk was adjusted to 9, 92 % of cholesterol was removed while 95.4 % of cholesterol was removed when 3 times weight of soy bean oil was added to the egg yolk. As the results of application of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction to the 75 % cholesterol reduced egg yolk through ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin treatment, 92.5 % of the cholesterol was removed from the egg yolk at $35^{\circ}C$, 4,500 psi, for 4 hours under co-solvent. The quality characteristics of the produced low cholesterol egg products were analysed. The cholesterol reduced egg yolk produced from ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin and soy bean oil treatment showed the lower emulsion capacity compared with control. The fatty acid composition of the cholesterol reduced egg yolk produced from ${\bet}a$-cyclodextrin and soy bean oil treatment showed increased C18:2 and C18:3 compared with control while decreased C16:1 and C18: 1 compared with control. The saponification method with extracting solvent of hexane showed that cholesterol concentration was 28.1 %. The quantity of hydrolysis solution(95 % ethanol : 33 % KOH = 94 : 6) was varied from 40 to 80 times of sample weights and the cholesterol concentration of 35.7 % was the highest result in the 60 times(v/w) hydrolysis solution. Cholesterol concentration of 35.7 % was recovered at the first trial with saponification method. but it could be improved up to 95.7 % after 4 times repetitive purification.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.299-304
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• 1998

This experiment was conducted to determine the essential oil content and the aromatic constituents in the leaves of Saururus chinensis Baill, Angelica dahurica Fischer and Cnidium officinale Makino. Volatile aromatic compounds in three aromatic medicinal plants were extracted with steam distillation extraction method and identified by GC/MS. Major aromatic compounds in Saururus chinensis Baill were 1,6-octadien-3-ol, 1, 3-benzodioxole, myristicin, ${\alpha}-cadinol$ and patchouene. Major aromatic compounds in Angelica dahurica Fischer were terpinolene, 3-carene, ${\beta}-caryophyllene$, ${\beta}-cubebene$, butylated hydroxy toluene, caryophyllene oxide, piperonal, and in Cnidium officinale Makino were aristolene, benzocycloheptene, ylangene, valencene, ${\beta}-cedrene$, satene, and menthofuran. Essential oil content was highest in Saururus chinensis plant.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.378-387
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• 2018

This study investigated the volatile flavor composition of essential oils from Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. latilobum Kitamura and Aster yomena Makino. The essential oils obtained by the hydrodistillation extraction method from the aerial parts of the plants were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). One hundred (95.04%) volatile flavor compounds were identified in the essential oil from the C. zawadskii var. latilobum Kitamura. The major compounds were valencene (10.82%), ${\delta}$-cadinol (9.77%), hexadecanoic acid (8.70%), 2-methyl-4-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl) but-2-en-1-ol (3.67%), and 2-(2,4-hexadiynylidene)-1,6-dioxaspiro[4,4]non-3-ene (3.57%). Ninety-eight (93.83%) volatile flavor compounds were identified in the essential oil from the Aster yomena Makino. The major compounds were and 3-eicosyne (13.61%), 9,10,12-octadecatrienoic acid (7.8%), ${\alpha}$-caryophyllene alcohol (6.83%), 9-octadecynoic acid (6.03%), and ${\alpha}$-caryophyllene (5.74%). Although the two plants are apparently very similar, the chemical composition of the essential oils was significantly different in quality and quantity. In the case of C. zawadskii var. latilobum Kitamura, the sesquiterpene, valencene was found to be 10.82%, but it was not identified in A. yomena Makino. ${\delta}$-Cadinol appeared higher in C. zawadskii var. latilobum Kitamura than in A. yomena Makino. A clear characteristic of A. yomena Makino essential oil is that it has a high content of caryophyllene derivatives. The ${\alpha}$-caryophyllene alcohol contained in A. yomena Makino was relatively high at 6.83%, although the compound was not identified in C. zawadskii var. latilobum Kitamura. Also ${\alpha}$-caryophyllene was shown to be higher in A. yomena Makino than in C. zawadskii var. latilobum Kitamura.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.52-64
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• 1990

As a search for natural antioxidants, antioxdative fractions in Pueraria roots were extracted, identified using column chromatography, thin layer chromatography or high performance liquid chromatography. The components which have most effective antioxidative activities were further identified by IR and GC-MS. Separated antioxidative components were then added to four different oils to examine their antioxidative activities. Yield of extract obtained from pueraria root powder by solvent extraction using four step solvent systems was 2.54%. Antioxidative activity of the extracts was as effective as that of 100 ppm ${\delta}$-tocopherol addition, when 0.1% of the extracts was added to linoleic acid. The strongest antioxidative component of methanol extract of pueraria root was identified as puerarin. Aunioxidative activity of puerarin on lard was more effective than ${\alpha}$-tocopherol, but less effective than ${\delta}$-tocopherol. When the puerarin was added to edible oil and heat treated at $145^{\circ}C$, the acid value was lowest in lard and was highest in soybean oil. Antioxidative activity in terms of carbonyl value, thiobarbituric acid value and anisidine value was most high in palm oil and least in soybean and cottonseed oil.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.423-427
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• 1992

The volatile components were extracted from kumquat(Fortunella margarita) by simultaneous steam distillation-extraction method and fractionated on silica gel column. The total volatile oil was eluted off first by n-pentane and eluted again by diethyl ether. The total volatile oil and diethyl ether fraction were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. In the total volatile oil, 10 components were identified, of which major ones were limonene(96.5%, of total volatile oil), ${\beta}-pinene$(1.93%) and ${\alpha}-terpineol$(0.42%) and then the characteristic aroma of kumquat appeared to be due to limonene. On the other hand diethyl ether fraction, from which 46 components were identified, contained 9 alcohols, 22 terpenes and terpene alcohols, 7 aldehydes and ketones, 7 esters and 1 miscellaneous components. The major components were ${\alpha}-terpineol$(31.98% of diethyl ether fraction), ${\beta}-terpineol$(7.37%), geranyl acetate(9.69%) and p-menthadien-9-ol(4.12%).

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09b
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• pp.343-356
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• 2003

Yew (Taxus cuspidata Sieb.) chose that grow as medicine, food, decorative plant in Korea's Kyong-Gi province surroundings. Extracts of yew extracted leaf of 250 g and stems of 300 g with 1,3-butylene glycol (1,3-BG), propylene glycol (PG) and water. As results, external appearance of leaf extract of yew was slightly brown clear extract. The pH was 5.3$\pm$0.5, and specific gravity was 1.012$\pm$0.05, and refractive index was 1.375$\pm$0.05. Also, appearance of stem's extract was slightly brown clear extract, and the pH was 5.4$\pm$0.5, and specific gravity was 1.016$\pm$0.05, and refractive index was 1.358$\pm$0.05. Oil of yew separated from seeds, and extracted polysaccharide high purity from fruits. As a result, specific gravity of oil was 0.987, and obtained 40% of yield. Total polyphenols amount of yew extract is detected 0.563% in leaves, 0.325% in stems, whereas total tannins amount contained 0.054% and 0.037% each in leaves and stems. As effect in cosmetics, the anti-oxidative effect by DPPH method is 75.0% in leaves, and stems was 64.0%. Collagen synthesis rate was shown high activity by 54.16% in stem's extract, 33.18% in leaves' extract. Also, PPE-inhibitory activities were 13.7% and 23.5% each in leaves and stems. Anti-inflammatory effect of yew seed oil displayed superior effect of 41 % than control. Polysaccharide's molecular weight that is gotten from fruits was 5$\times$10$^4$~3$\times$10$^{5}$ dalton, and got 20.0$\pm$5% of yield.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.77-82
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• 1996

Antioxidative activity of the extract from Caesalpinia sappan L. by various solvent was compared with several commercial antioxidants, using the Rancimat method. AI (antioxidative index; induction period of oil containing extract/induction period of control oil) of all extracts were higher than commercial antioxidants, such as BHA, ${\delta}-tocopherol$ and ascorbic acid. The ethanol extract was fractionated by liquid liquid extraction. Ethyl acetate fraction showed higher AI than the whole crude extract. When comparing POV and TBA value of palm oil and lard containing different level of each fraction, the oxidative stability of ethyl acetate fraction at 200 ppm level on palm oil and lard were similar to that of BHT at 200 ppm level, and better than BHA, ${\delta}-tocopherol$ and control.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.416-420
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• 2002

Various products of karanj (Pongamia glabra) are utilized for industrial, health and animal agriculture applications in the Indian subcontinent. Despite a rich source of protein (CP, 28-34%), karanj cake was found to be slightly bitter in taste and toxic owing to the presence of flavonoid (Karanjin), restricting its safe inclusion in the livestock diets. Feeding trials with raw cake revealed its poor palatability and adverse performance among different categories of livestock including poultry. The present study was, therefore, aimed to detoxify karanj cake by various physico-chemical methods like solvent extraction, water washing, pressure cooking and alkali and acid treatments. The level of residual karanjin in raw and variously processed cake was quantified using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The raw expeller karanj cake was found to contain about 0.19% of karanjin. Though a non-polar solvent, soxhlet extraction of expeller pressed cake with petroleum ether drastically reduced karanjin content (0.01%). Soaking of cake for 24 h in 1% NaOH (w/w) solution was found to reduce karanjin to a major extent with little further benefit by increasing alkali level. Milder alkalies like lime and fertilizer grade urea reduced the karanjin levels marginally. Similar was the case with mineral acids such as HCl and glacial acetic acid. It was, therefore, concluded that solvent extraction of karanj seeds would be the best method of detoxification as well as for more recovery of oil and karanjin.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.9
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• pp.1170-1176
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• 2013

Essential oils have been used to treat psychophysiological disorders, but their effects on human electroencephalographic (EEG) activity have not been thoroughly investigated. We evaluated the effects of essential oil of Zizyphus jujuba seeds, a Korean folk medicine known as San-Jo-In, on human EEG activity. For this purpose, essential oil was extracted from San-Jo-In by the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction method. The effect of its inhalation on EEG activity was evaluated by measuring the EEG power spectrum (25 indices) in 20 healthy participants. The results of the EEG power spectrum indicated that the values of the theta wave decreased significantly (p<0.05) in the left (from 17.277 to $13.854{\mu}V$) and right parietal (from 15.324 to $13.020{\mu}V$) regions compared to the other regions. During the inhalation of San-Jo-In oil, the EEG spectrum values of fast alpha, relative gamma, and spectral edge frequency increased 50% compared to those before inhalation. The values of the fast alpha wave increased significantly (p<0.05) in the left prefrontal (from 0.063 to $0.085{\mu}V$), right prefrontal (from 0.064 to $0.085{\mu}V$), and left frontal (from 0.073 to $0.100{\mu}V$) regions following inhalation of the San-Jo-In essential oil. The changes in the EEG activities following inhalation of San-Jo-In suggest that the oil can improve psychological well-being by increasing attention and relaxation.