• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.536-541
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• 1996

Inspite of Korea's being major consuming country of sesame, the most of its supply depends on import. Furthermore, the researches of sesame have been conducted since 1973. So far total 121 academic papers have been published and their main subjects are the analysis of constituent and composition of sesame, breeding and cultivation of sesame and detection of alterated sesame oil. Though the flavor is very important at the time of eating, its study has been done only in the difference of the kinds of sesame, the condition of roasting, extraction, filtration. Thus the more detailed studies of them and sensorytest are required. Also it is found that the studies such as the improvement yield at sesame oil mill and the utilization of oil cake are nearly absent.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.474-478
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• 2018

Thermal decomposition of waste Achyranthes Root (WAR) emitted from its decoction process was investigated using a TG analyzer and a fixed-bed reactor. The WAR had the larger C and fixed carbon content than fresh AR (FAR) due to the extraction of hemicelluloses from FAR during decoction process. Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis results also revealed the elimination of hemicellulose by its decoction. Relatively high contents of the cellulose and lignin made high contents of their typical pyrolyzates, such as acids, ketones, furans, and phenols, in the pyrolysis of WAR using the fixed-bed reactor. The increase of pyrolysis temperature from 400 to $500^{\circ}C$ increased yields of oil and gas due to the more effective cracking efficiency of WAR at a higher temperature. The chemical composition of product oil was also changed by applying the higher pyrolysis temperature, which increased the selectivity to furans and phenols.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.824-830
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• 2006

Several tests were conducted to optimize the design parameters of ln-situ soil flushing processes for diesel contaminated soil. According to the batch extraction test for three anionic surfactants evaluation, Calgonit limiting bubble occurrence was selected for its higher oil cleaning efficiency. After optimum surfactant selection, there were many sets of column flushing test. Over 70% of BTEX was removed in this surfactant dose with 400% of soil volume. In the case of no surfactant addition flushing in column, so called "blank flushing test", BTEX removal rate was 64%. But when we reused the effluent for the cleaning solution, the removal rate was decreased to 46.9%. This result showed reabsorption of oil occurred on the soil. With the addition of Calgonit solution to the diesel contaminated column, BTEX was removed up to 98.9% during the first flushing and 99.4% for the second recirculation flushing. In microcosm tests, diesel contaminated soils were cleaned by both surfactant flushing and biological activities. In anoxic condition, nitrate was used as an electron acceptor while the surfactant and the oil were used an electron donor. BTEX removal efficiency could be achieved up to 80% by biological degradation.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.224-232
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• 2021

This study investigated the volatile flavor composition of essential oils extracted from Synurus deltoides (Arr.) Nakai. The essential oils extracted from the aerial parts of plants by the hydrodistillation extraction method were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry. Ninety-six (98.76%) volatile flavor compounds were identified in the essential oil extracted from fresh leaves of S. deltoides (Arr.) Nakai. The major compounds were 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone (19.91%) and phytol (12.38%). Ninety-seven (97.81%) volatile flavor compounds were identified in the essential oil extracted from shade-dried leaves of S. deltoides (Arr.) Nakai. The major compounds were phytol (51.71%), di(6-methylhept-2-yl) phthalate (7.66%), and 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone (4.23%). Quantitative variations of 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone, phytol and di(6-methylhept-2-yl) phthalate according to different state of S. deltoides (Arr.) Nakai can serve as a quality index of essential oils used in the food industry.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 2021

As the consumption of avocado fruits and avocado oils is steadily increasing, the amount of avocado seeds which are thrown away as by-products is also inceasing. Thus, the possibility of use of avocado seeds as natural preservatives was studied focused on the antioxidant effect. The extraction of avocado seeds and seed husks with 100% ethanol by maceration showed highest antioxidant activities and lowest IC50 values compared to 80% ethanol extract. Furthermore, 100% ethanol extract of avocado seeds and seed husks included significantly higher amount of polyphenols than 80% extract. However, total flavonoid content of 100% avocado seed extract was not signigicantly different from 80% seed extract, whereas that of 100% avocado seed husk extract was significantly higher than 80% seed husk extract. In case of acid values, heating of oil alone for 120 and 180 min significantly increased the acid values, whereas the treatment of oil with seed and seed husk extract signficantly decreased the acid values. These results suggest that antioxidant effects of avocado seeds and seed husks protected the oil against heat-induced acidification. Thus, avocado seeds and seed husks have a potential to be developed as an natural antioxidant and natural preservative which could be used commercially.

• CELLMED
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.7.1-7.6
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• 2023

Raphanus sativus L. has been reported to have anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activity. However, the anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of action of the Raphanus sativus L. seeds (RSS) with or without oil are still unknown. This study was undertaken to investigate the in-vitro anti-inflammatory effect with or without oil in the RSS on RAW 264.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Results showed the suppressed LPS-induced secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), inflammatory cytokine (IL-6, TNF-α). Additionally, a decrease in protein expression of iNOS was observed, but nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 was not inhibited. To elucidate the underlying mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effect of RSS, the involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways was examined. We also found that RSS blocked LPS-induced phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase/stress-activated protein kinase (JNK) signaling but did not affect the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2. These results suggest that RSS may have potential as an anti-inflammatory agent through the inhibition of LPS-induced inflammatory cytokine production via regulation of the JNK pathway.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.1757-1762
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• 2023

Radiological hazards from external exposure of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) scales residues, generated during the extraction process of oil and gas production in southern Algeria, are evaluated. The activity concentrations of ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th, and ⁴⁰K were measured using high-purity gamma-ray spectrometry (GeHP). Mean activity concentration of ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K, found in scale samples are 4082 ± 41, 1060 ± 38 and 568 ± 36 Bq kg^-1, respectively. Radiological hazard parameters, such as radium equivalent (Ra_eq), external and internal hazard indices (H_ex, H_in), and gamma index (I_γ) are also evaluated. All hazard parameter values were greater than the permissible and recommended limits and the average annual effective dose value exceeded the dose constraint (0.3 mSv y^-1). However, for occasionally exposed workers, the dose rate of 0.65 ± 0.02 mSv y^-1 is lower than recommended limit of 1 mSv y^-1 for public.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.66
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• pp.144-152
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• 2023

Two different extraction methods were used to evaluate the medical value of common rue, Ruta graveolens L. (RGL). The results of our 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid assays indicated that the antioxidant activity of RGL essential oil extract obtained through steam distillation was very low, whereas ethanol (EtOH) extracts of RGL showed higher antioxidant activity. RGL essential oil was extracted by steam distillation and characterized by GC/MS analysis. Furthermore, EtOH extracts of RGL were obtained under reflux and analyzed by HPLC/PDA. The GC/MS results indicated that the ketone compounds 2-undecanol acetate, nonyl cyclopropanecarboxylate, and 2-nonanone accounted for more than 70% of the composition of RGL essential oil. The HPLC/PDA analyses indicated that the RGL extracts were rich in phenolic compounds such as protocatechuic acid, rutin, psoralen, xanthotoxin, and bergapten, among which rutin was the most abundant. Collectively, our results demonstrated that RGL contains high levels of phenolic compounds and could thus be commercialized as a valuable plant-derived antioxidant.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 1981

Essential oil components were isolated both from Oriental and- Korean using a modified distillation/solvent extraction method. The essential oils were then analyzed by high-resolution glass capillary gas chromatography, to give characteristic GC profile from each tobacco. Varietal differences were detected from the quantitative comparison of the GC data.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.283-297
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• 2000

Seeds are an ideal repository for recombinant proteins in molecular farming applications. However, in order to use plant seeds efficiently for the production of such proteins, it is necessary to understand a number of fundamental biological properties of seeds. This includes a full understanding of promoters which function in a seed-specific manner, the subcellular targeting of the desired polypeptide and the final form in which a protein is stored. Once a biologically active protein has been deposited in a seed, it is also critical that the protein can be extracted and purified efficiently. In this review, these issues are examined critically to provide a number of approaches which may be adopted for production of recombinant proteins in plants. Particular attention is paid to the relationship between subcellular localization and protein extraction and purification. The robustness and flexibility of seed-based production is illustrated by examples close to or already in commercial production.