• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.259-268
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate recognition and buying practices of street-vended foods among college students in Chungbuk Area. A general dietary practices including snacks, related factors of buying street-vended foods were analyzed. The results showed that many students had irregular dietary habit, especially more than eighty percent of them skipped breakfast. More than sixty percent of students had frequent snacks. It was investigated that college students ate street-vended foods two or three times per week. The order of frequent choice of street-vended foods was rice cake with pasted red pepper(51.9%), sweet and sour pork(19.7%), sundae(5.7%). In microbiological examination, MPN of Coliform and CFU of standard plate count was over a standard value respectively, and acid value of frying oil revealed over value for maximum limitation point. Therefore, food and equipment in street-vended food store was evaluated as poor sanitation status. Most of college students have opinion that street-vended food store must be kept the line. In conclusion, nutrition education for college students should be required to protect them from unsafe street-vended foods.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.41 no.3
• /
• pp.240-246
• /
• 1998

Geographical origin of the Korean, Chinese and Japanese sesame seeds were identified very high accuracy by NIR spectroscopy. The NIR instrument of filter type showed the same accuracy of the monochromator scanning type to identify the geographical origin of the sesame seeds. In case of adulteration between the Korean and Chinese sesame seeds, the ratio of addition could be determined about 10% error level. The reason of identification of geographical origin by NIR spectroscopy, it was supposed to the difference, of oil cake substance.

• New & Renewable Energy
• /
• v.4 no.4
• /
• pp.37-43
• /
• 2008

Three properties of food waste are water 80%, ash 3%, volatile matter 17%. When food waste goes through treatment process such as removal of foreign substances, removal of water as well as sodium, dryness, and pulverization, it transforms into 4,000 Kcal/kg purverized fuel if moisture content is below 13%. Fuel ratio (fixed carbon/volatile matter) of purverized fuel is low compared with bituminuous coal. Ignition temperature measured by thermogravimetry analyzer is about $460^{\circ}C$. Combustion test of purverized fuel have been performed using energy recovery facility which include storage tank of dewatered cake, dryer, hammer mill, combuster including burner, boiler, flue gas treatment equipment. When 160-180 kg/hr of fuel is steadily supplied to burner for 3 hours, combustor temperature reaches about $1000^{\circ}C$ and CO is 77-103 ppm at 1.55 excess air ratio and SOx and Cl are under 2 ppm and 1ppm, respectively. This experiment demonstrate that purverized fuel made from food waste could be an alternative clean energy at the age of high oil price.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.19 no.11
• /
• pp.1385-1392
• /
• 2009

This work evaluates the effect of different amino acids on production of Cyclosporin (CyA) production in solid-state fermentation that was previously optimized for different fermentation parameters by one factor at-a-time for the maximum production of CyA by Tolypocladium inflatum MTCC557. Based on the Plackett-Burman design, glycerol, ammonium sulfate, $FeCl_3$, and inoculum size were selected for further optimization by response surface methodology (RSM). After identifying effective nutrients, RSM was used to develop mathematical model equations, study responses, and establish the optimum concentrations of the key nutrients for higher CyA production. It was observed that supplementation of medium containing (% w/w) glycerol, 1.53; ammonium sulfate, 0.95; $FeCl_3$, 0.18; and inoculum size 6.4 ml/5g yielded a maximum of 7,106 mg/kg as compared with 6,480 mg CyA/kg substrate using one factor at-a-time. In the second step, the effect of amino acids on the production of CyA was studied. Addition of $_L$-valine and $_L$-leucine in combination after 20 h of fermentation resulted in maximum production of 8,166 mg/kg.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2008.10a
• /
• pp.149-152
• /
• 2008

Three properties of food waste are water 80%, ash 3%, volatile matter 17%. When food waste goes through treatment process such as removal of foreign substances, removal of water as well as sodium, dryness, and pulverization, it transforms into 4,000Kcal/kg purverized fuel if moisture content is below 13%. Fuel ratio(fixed carbon/volatile matter) of purverized fuel is low compared with bituminuous coal. Ignition temperature measured by thermogravimetry analyzer is about $460^{\circ}C$. Combustion test of purverized fuel have been performed using energy recovery facility which include storage tank of dewatered cake, dryer, hammer mill, combuster including burner, boiler, flue gas treatment equipment. When 160-180 kg/hr of fuel is steadily supplied to burner for 3 hours, combueter temperature reaches about $1000^{\circ}C$ and CO is 77-103ppm at 1.55 excess air ratio and SOx and Cl are under 2ppm and 1ppm, respectively. This experiment demonstrate that purverized fuel made from food waste could be an alternative clean energy for high oil price era

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.17 no.6
• /
• pp.415-420
• /
• 2009

This study was carried out to select economical byproduct composts as the substitute for the traditional organic fertilizer, Yacto, in the cultivation of ginseng seedlings, and to investigate the application method of a selected compost. Among tested byproduct composts, popped rice hull compost was the best substitute for Yacto, while the application of domestic animal manure composts resulted in red skinned roots of ginseng seedlings. Optimal mixing ratio of the popped rice hull compost with virgin soil (fine sand) were 3~4 : 1 in bulk, showing the same root yield compared to that of conventional seedbed soil. When the popped rice hull compost was lower than $1\;{\pm}\;0.1%$ in nitrogen content, the expeller cake of oil seed was added to seedbed soil to rise nitrogen content until $1\;{\pm}\;0.1%$.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.19 no.spc
• /
• pp.6-8
• /
• 2011

In order to produce the organic foods in accord with international standard, organic seeds should be used in organic farming. This study was conducted to establish the stable production of organic seed of waxy com by examining the growing characteristics, seed yield, and the economy for seed production by organic farming. The optimal sowing timing for organic seed production of waxy com hybrid was within 10 days of the $1^{st}$ of May with yield of 88~90% of conventional seed production. The optimal planting density was 41,600 plants/ha ($80{\times}30$ cm) for organic seed production of waxy com. The weight of 100 seeds and seed productivity increased at the planting ratio of 2:1 mother plant:male plant. Growth and seed production were improved by removing male plant at 7~10 days after silking. Organic fertilizer (mixed oil cake) was applied at a rate of 4~6 Mg/ha before sowing. Black plastic mulching was used for weed control. In addition, sex pheromone trap and bio-control agents were used for safe pest control and low labour cost.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.666-672
• /
• 2017

Hemp [Cannabis sativa L.] has been cultivated as a fiber crop for long history, but it was a good oil crop because its seed contain plenty of lipid which is high ratio of unsaturated fatty acid. Hemp seed oil was extracted with a extruding method in many countries including Europe. The color of oil extracted with extruding method is dark green which could be difficult to attract consumer's interest in Korea because of insufficient information about hemp seed oil. This study was conducted to know correct information about hemp seed oils which were extracted with pressuring and extruding methods. In extruding method, seeds were crushed during the extracting process and discharged oil cake in shape of thin ribbon, but maintained seed shape although the seed were slightly flatted in pressuring method. Oil yield were higher in the extruding method in comparison with pressuring method. The oil have lower degree of lightness but higher degree of greenness and yellowness in the extruding method in comparison with pressuring method because of higher content of chlorophyll A, B and carotenoid. In fatty acid composition, the ratio of palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and ${\gamma}$-linolenic acid were higher but linoleic acid and ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid were lower in the extruding method in comparison with pressuring method. The content of total tocopherol and ${\gamma}$-tocopherol were lower in the extruding method in comparison with pressuring method.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.21-28
• /
• 2018

The contents of total nitrogen, total phosphate, and total potash are important factors to determine the application rate of the organic fertilizers to arable lands. The concentrations of nutrient, organic matter, salt, water, heavy metal in mixed oil cakes and mixed organic fertilizers in circulation were investigated with 141 and 179, respectively. The mean levels of total nitrogen, total phosphate, and total potash in organic fertilizers of from 2015 to 2017 were 4.9%, 2.8%, 1.7%, respectively. The average contents of organic matter, salt, and water were 77.0%, 11.5%, and 0.3%, in mixed oil cakes, and 72.3%, 11.7%, 0.5% in mixed organic fertilizer, respectively. The maximum concentrations of Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn were found to be in accordance with the official standard of commercial fertilizer. In order to promote balanced nutrient absorption of crops, it is necessary to increase the average content of total potash of the organic fertilizers to 3.2%.

• Food Industry
• /
• s.94
• /
• pp.37-40
• /
• 1988

1) 본 연구에서 시료로 선정한 충남 서산산 건강(dry ginger)은 수분이 $9.4\%$, 회분이 $8.7\%$ 그리고 alcohol에 의한 추출량이 약 $9\%$이다. 이는 선진국에 채택사용하고 있는 건강의 규격기준에 의하면 양호하다. 2) Non- flavor물질의 추출을 최소화하고 특히 증류과정에서 유효성분 손실을 최소화 할 수 있고, 엑기스내의 용매 잔류량이 인체에 유해하지 않고 추출효율을 높일 수 있는 용매는 ethyl alcohol이다. 3) 널리 사용하고 있는 관류추출(percolation)의 성능을 분석하고 이의 개선방안을제시하였다. - 추출효율을 높이기 위하여 건강(dry ginger)의 입자를 작게하면 압력강하가 증대되어순환되는 용액의 유속을 제어하기가 힘들다. - 입자가 작을 시에는 유체의 흐름이chan-nelling현상을 나타낸다. - 위와 같은 조건에서는 물질 전달속도가 느리므로 추출효율을 증대시킬 수가 없다. - 따라서 percolation추출에 사용되는 건강의 입자크기는 30mesh크기 이상이어야 운전조작이 용이하나 추출효율이 낮으므로, 추출시간 6시간에 회수된 생강엑기스양은 약 $2.5\%$이다. 4) percolation추출의 단점을 보완하기 위하여 기계적교반 추출을 선택하여 다음과 같은 개선점을 찾았다. - 교반형 추출에서는 고 - 액분리시 cake 저항에서 문제가 야기되지 않는 범위까지 건강의 입자를 작게할 수 있으므로 추출효율을 크게 향상시킬 수 있었다. 즉, 작게 분쇄된 건강(30mesh통과$90\%$)을 대상으로 추출시간 3시간에 $7\%$의 회수율로 증대시켰다. 최적 운전조건은 다음과 같다. 건강시료:1kg 시료크기:-30mesh$90\%$ 용매:ethyl alcohol 3$\iota$ 교반속도:900r.p.m 추출온도:상온($15\~25^{\circ}C$) 추출시간:3시간 일차 추출조건과 동일하게 하여 얻어진 엑기스의 수율이 $2\~2.5\%$이므로 총엑기스의 수율은 건강(dry ginger)무게기준으로 $8.5\~9.5\%$이었다. 5) 교반추출의 효율이 개선되었다 하더라도 추출물의 분리가 용이하여야만 공정의 이용이 가능하다. 그러므로 교반추출후 고 - 액분리를 위하여 정압여과 장치를 이용하여 여과시 cake의 평균 비저항을 얻었으며, 이의 값은 $4.31\times10^8cm\;/\;gr$으로서 여과에는 어려움이 없다는 것을 의미한다. 따라서 추출속도와 효율이 상대적으로 우수한 교반형 추출기의 가능성을 예시할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 6) 추출물을 농축과정에서 휘발성 oil의 손실을 최대로 줄이기 위해서는 단순증류를 하지 말고 분별증류를 수행하여야 하며, gingerol과 같은 중요성분의 열분해 반응을 억제하기 위해서는 열전달 효율을 증대시켜 증류조작을 원활히 수행하여야 하므로, still내의 농축물을 계속 교반시켜야 하며 감압상태에서 증류온도는 $40\~50^{\circ}C$로 유지시키는 것이 가장 바람직하다. 7) Ethyl alcohol로 추출된 엑기스내의 수분이나 회분함량은 외국산 제품에 비하여 약간 낮고, 반면에 조지방 및 조단백 성분의 함량은 약간 높게 나타나고 있어 대체적으로 본 연구에서 얻어진 엑기스내의 비풍미성분(non- fla-vour component) 함량은 외국산에 비하여 많은 차이가 없다. 8) 수입 외국산에 비하여 국산엑기스(본 연구에서 ethyl alcohol로 추출)내의 무기성분등의 함량은 비교적 낮은 편이다. 9) 건강에서부터 oleoresin을 얻어 paradol을 제거시킨 후 순수한 gingerol을 분리하여 IR과 NMR로 확인한 결과, 국산건강의 엑기스에는 주로 6-gingerol이고 약간의 10-gingerol이 함유된 것으로 나타났다. 10) 순수하게 분리된 gingerol을 열분석(TGA와 DTG)한 결과 약 $75^{\circ}C$에서 gingerol의 열분해 반응이 일어남을 알수 있었다. 11) 건강 분말시료와 엑기스내의 미생물 검사 결과 건강분말에서는 세균수가 많이 존재하는 것으로 나타났으나, 이는 ethyl alcohol로 추출하는 공정 중 대부분의 균들이 사멸된 것으로 나타났다. 12) 관능적 측면에선, 본 연구에서 제조한 엑기스와 수입엑기스를 비교한 결과 생강 특유의 맛은 비슷했으나, 수입엑기스에서는 쓴맛과 톱밥냄새를 느낀다는 결과를 나타내었으며 전체적인 종합적 풍미는 국산 건강엑기스가 좋은 것으로 나타났다.