• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.67-73
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the supplementary effects of the rice germ oil compared with soy bean oil on blood glucose level of non-insulin dependent diabetic mice. Forty diabetic KK mice were fed two kinds of experimental diets with 20% lipid from soy bean oil as a control(CO) and rice germ oil(RG) for 8 weeks, respectively. Diet intake, body weight, organs weights and lipids levels of serum, liver and feces were measured. There was no significant difference in food and water intake, body weight gain and organs weights between experimental groups. The concentrations of fasting and random blood glucose were similar between CO and RG groups. There was no significant difference in blood glucose levels after glucose treatment during the glucose tolerance test between two groups. The levels of $HbA_{1c}$ as the index of blood glucose status, and insulin were similar in two groups. These results suggested that rice germ oil can't reduce blood glucose concentration of non-insulin dependent diabetic mice compared with soybean oil. But we need to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of rice germ oil by changing supplementary level and period.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.59-65
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the supplementary effects of the rice germ oil compared with soy bean oil on lipid metabolism of non-insulin dependent diabetic mice. Forty diabetic KK mice were fed two kinds of experimental diets with 20% lipid from soy bean oil as a control(CO) and rice germ oil(RG) for 8 weeks, respectively. Diet intake, body weight, organs weights and lipids levels of serum, liver and feces were measured. There was no significant difference in food and water intake, body weight gain and organs weights between experimental groups. But the concentrations of serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were lower in RG group than in CO group. The hepatic total lipid and total cholesterol levels of RG group were significantly lower than those of CO group. The contents of total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol excreted in feces of RG group were higher than those of CO group. These results suggested that rice germ oil can reduce serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol and hepatic total lipid concentration of non-insulin dependent diabetic mice compared with soybean oil due to increasing fecal lipid excretion. But we need to investigate the hypolipidemic effect of this oil by supplementary level and period.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.100-104
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• 2000

The caloric contribution of diets supplemented with sucrose, corn oil, or tallow with or without additional calcium was examined using female CD1 weanling mice. Mice were limit-fed a semi-purified diet alone or with added isocaloric amounts from sucrose, corn oil, or tallow for 28 days. In addition, diets with suppelmental fat contained either 0.60% or 1.5% calcium. Fecal fat and fecal soap excretions were greater (p<0.06) for mice fed tallow than for those fed corn oil. Mean metabolizable energy values for sucrose, tallow, and corn oil averaged 4.01, 7.96, and 8.94 kcal, respectively. Retention of digested energy from sucrose, tallow and corn oil averaged 13%, 10% and 21%, respectively. Hence, per gram of added nutrient, retained energy from tallow averaged 1.60 and that from corn oil averaged 4.11 times that of added sucrose. Retained energy from added corn oil was greater (p<0.01) than from added tallow. On a retained energy basis, the relative value for corn oil was greater and the relative value for tallow was less than the metabolizable energy ratio of fat to carbohydrate proposed by Atwater of 2.25.Added calcium depressed(p<0.01) digestibilities of both dry matter and energy with a greater(p<0.01) effect on tallow than on corn oil. These findings imply that the source of fat and calcium in the diet influence the avail-ability energy in diets and should be considered in feed formulations.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.14-20
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• 2010

Naturally present antioxidants, tocopherols, carotenoids, and phospholipids in the bran and germ oils from Keumkang (K-WBG oil) and Dark Northern Spring wheats (DNS-WBG oil) were determined during storage under 1700 lux light at $5^{\circ}C$ by HPLC. Oil oxidation was monitored by peroxide values (POV) and conjugated dienoic acid content. The results showed that antioxidants were degraded during storage of the WBG oils under light, with higher degradation rates for carotenoids and phospholipids in the K-WBG oil compared to the DNS-WBG oil. Light increased oil oxidation and the rate of oxidation was higher in K-WBG oil than in the DNS-WBG oil. There was a high correlation between POV and residual amounts of antioxidants during photo-oxidation, with phospholipids showing the greatest effects on POV. This study suggests that a higher amount and lower degradation rate of phospholipids in the DNS-WBG oil contributed to its higher photo-oxidative stability compared to the K-WBG oil.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.526-531
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• 2012

Olive oil is widely consumed in Korea, and is a representative fat source in the Mediterranean diet, known to be effective in the prevention of coronary artery disease. In addition, diverse functionalities have been reported, such as anti-cancer, anti-oxidation, and anti-inflammation effects. In this review, the status of production and variety were investigated with respect to the functionalities of olive oil. The main functional constituents of olive oil are oleic acid, known to improve blood cholesterol, and the minor constituents are polyphenol, tocopherol, squalene, and phospholipid, the concentrations of which can be used to distinguish pressed from refined olive oil. A number of studies of the functionality of olive oil have dealt with the minor constituents, and the beneficial functionalities, such as anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, and improving blood circulation have been reported. This review intensively investigates the functionalities and the responsible components, and suggests that continual studies on olive oil are necessary for the prevention of various metabolic diseases.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.496-499
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• 2014

Korean traditional meat patties (Tteokgalbi) were prepared by replacing part of the lean meat content with either pork backfat or canola oil and the effect of substitution on sensory quality of the meat patties was investigated. Compared to the control patties, pork-loin Tteokgalbi with 10% pork backfat or 10% canola oil had significantly higher overall acceptability and higher perceived intensity of meat flavor, sweetness, umami, and oiliness. The pork-loin patties containing 10% fat also had lower perceived firmness, toughness, and chalkiness of than the control Tteokgalbi. The chicken breast Tteokgalbi with 10% canola oil had the lowest perceived firmness and chalkiness (control > pork backfat > canola oil). No significant difference was noted in the overall acceptability of chicken breast patties with 10% pork backfat and those with 10% canola oil. These results indicate that substituting 10% of lean meat of Tteokgalbi with fat improved the sensory acceptability of the product for Korean customers regardless of the lean meat and/or fat source used in the patties. Lean meat patties formulated with a limited amount of vegetable oil such as canola oil can be a healthy option for Korean consumers by providing desirable fatty acid profiles without sacrificing sensory quality of the product.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.199-210
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• 2012

It can be hypothesized that dietary fatty acids can modulate immune responses in fish by inducing apoptosis of immune cells since dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) increase apoptosis by oxygen radicals generated by peroxidation. Thus we examined the effects of deferent dietary lipid sources such as squid liver oil (FO), linseed oil (LO) and soybean oil (SO) on oxidation (Cytochrome C oxidase; COS), apoptosis (TNF-${\alpha}$ Scinderin like) and immune (IL-$1{\beta}$ and NKEF) gene expression in the main immune organ (head kidney) in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) by Q-PCR analysis after feeding diets containing each oil (5%) for 15 weeks. Linseed oil and soybean oil were chosen to compare n-3 or n-6 enriched vegetable oils, respectively. Consequently, COS, TNF-${\alpha}$ and Scinderin like gene expression was increased in SO group, indicating the induction of oxidation and apoptosis. Meanwhile, no significant difference was found in immune gene expression. In conclusion vegetable oils containing n-3 PUFA like linseed oil seems to be more suitable lipid source than soybean oil for replacement of fish oil in flounder since n-6 PUFA in SO leads to activation of apoptosis pathways within the cellular damage in head kidney.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.66-73
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• 2021

Objective: Soy sauce oil, a byproduct of whole soybean processing by the soy sauce industry, was evaluated as a source of linoleic acid for dairy cows for the purpose of manipulating the composition of milk. Methods: Eight dairy Holstein cows fitted with rumen cannulas were used for ruminal administration of soy sauce oil for a 28-day period using a 4×4 Latin square study design with 4 doses (0, 200, 400, and 600 g soy sauce oil/d). Results: Although dry matter intake and milk yield were not affected by soy sauce oil administration, ruminal concentrations of total volatile fatty acids and acetate were decreased, specifically at 600 g/d administration. While milk fat percentage was decreased with administration of soy sauce oil, proportions of linoleic, vaccenic and conjugated linoleic acids in the rumen, blood and milk were increased with increasing soy sauce oil dose. Conclusion: These results suggest that soy sauce oil feeding could be useful for improving milk functionality without adverse effects on animal production performance when fed at less than 400 g/d.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.300-306
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• 2000

Several bacterial strains utilizing crude oil as their sole carbon and energy source were isolated from polluted marine by crude oil. One of the strains, named KCL-2 showed strong degradation activity for crude oil. This strain was identified as a Klebsiella sp. based on the morphological, biochemical, and physiological characteristics. The optimum cultural conditions were as follows; $27^{\circ}C$~$37^{\circ}C$ for temperature and 7.0 for initial pH. Additionally, the optimal concentration of sodium chloride was 3.0%, confirming indicating that this strain was derived from sea water.The strain KCL-2 could use several kinds of n-alkane hydrocarbones from octadecane to octacosane as a sole carbon source. The emulsifying activity by KCL-2 was the highest after 3 days of cultivation under the condition of 3.0% sodium chloride, pH 7.0 and 32$^{\circ}C$. This strain had several criptic plasmids.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.353-360
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• 2006

This study identified a particle size distribution (PSD) of fine particulate matter and emission characteristics of V and Ni by the comparison between anthropogenic sources of oil combustion (industrial boiler, oil power plant, etc.) and lab-scale combustion using a drop-tube furnace. In oil combustion source, the mass fraction of fine particles (less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter) was higher than that of coarse particles (larger than 2.5 micrometers in diameter) in $PM_{10}$ (less than 10 micrometers in diameter) as like in lab-scale oil combustion. In addition to this, it was identified that ultra-fine particles (less than 0.1 micrometers in diameter) had a large distribution in fine particles. Toxic metals like V and Ni had large mass fractions in fine particles, and most of all was distributed in ultra-fine particles. Most of ultra-fine particles containing toxic metals have been emitted into ambient by combustion source because it is hard to control by the existing air pollution control device. Hence, we must be careful on these pollutants because it is obvious that these are associated with adverse health and environmental effect.