• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.216-222
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• 2010

This study was carried out to determine the effects of olive oil prepared tomato powder (OPTP) used as lycopene source on fresh pork patties. OPTP was not added (0%; C), or was added at 0.25% (T1), 0.5% (T2), 0.75% (T3) and 1.0% (T4) in a basic pork patty formula and patties were stored for 7 days at $5^{\circ}C$. pH values of T3 and T4 were lower (p<0.05) than those of control until storage day 3. However, pH values of treated samples were dramatically increased (p<0.05) after 7 d of storage. Cooking loss values of treatments were lower (p<0.05) than those of control at day 1 of storage. Thiobarbituric acid reacting substances values were lower (p<0.05) in all treatments than in untreated samples during storage. All treated samples had lower values (p<0.05) for lightness ($L^*$) but significantly higher values (p<0.05) for redness ($a^*$) and yellowness ($b^*$) than the untreated samples during storage. Total plate counts of T4 were lower (p<0.05) than others during storage. In sensory evaluation, the scores of color, aroma and overall acceptability in T3 and T4 scored higher (p<0.05) than those of control at days 1 and 3 of storage, however, statistical significance was not found (p>0.05) among the samples after 7 days of storage. In conclusion, tomato powder-treated groups were significantly higher in redness ($a^*$) and yellowness ($b^*$), and lipid oxidation was inhibited, as compared with control during storage. Therefore, as a natural additive, tomato powder could be used to extend the self-life of meat products, providing the consumer with food containing natural additives, which might be seen more healthful than those of synthetic origin.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.151-156
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• 2011

Seeds of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge were collected from two plantations and two superior trees in Inner Mongolia: and one plantation and one superior tree in Liaoning, China in late August, 2011. Yellowhorn or goldenhorn is an important tree species, from the aspects of source of edible oil and biodiesel and pioneering capacity of degraded and desert land. Characteristics investigated were seed length, width, and weight: weight and volume of 1,000 seeds: and weight and volume of one-liter seeds. The seeds of Qingsonglingxiang No. 1, growing alone in an open space, showed the highest values in seed length (16.08 mm), width (14.48 mm) and weight (1.40 g), while those of Tree No. 160 in Ar Khorqin Banner were the lowest ones: that is, 11.48mm for length, 11.81 mm for width, and 0.73 g for weight, respectively. Traits of seeds varied quite much between trees and among areas; for example, Tree No. 38 and No. 160 produced quite different seeds in several traits, although they are adjacent to each other in the same farm. Weight of 1,000 seeds varied from 718.0 g to 1,010.1 g and volume from 0.76 L to 1.52 L. Weight of one-liter seeds were 522.3 g to 688.2 g, while the number of seeds were 603 to 935. Seeds which were soaked in the water at $4^{\circ}C$ for 2 days showed the highest germination rate (89%) in a 30-day test, which was about 10% to 40% higher than those of non-treatment and dipping treatment at $36^{\circ}C$ followed by keeping under room temperature for 2 days. 81% of seeds in the wet sand at room temperature germinated, while 23% of seeds deprived of seed coat germinated. It is necessary to understand seed traits to select superior clones or provenances for the increased, unfluctuating production of seed.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.328-332
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• 2018

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed is an important dietary source of protein, oil, carbohydrate, isoflavone and other various nutrients for humans and animals. However, there are anti-nutritional factors in the raw mature soybeans. Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI) protein and stachyose are the main anti-nutritional factors in soybean seed. The ${\alpha}^{\prime}$-subunit of ${\beta}$-conglycinin protein exhibit poor nutritional and food processing properties. The genetic removal of the KTI and ${\alpha}^{\prime}$-subunit proteins will improve the nutritional value of the soybean seed. The objective of this research was to develop a new soybean strain with KTI and ${\alpha}^{\prime}$-subunit protein free ($titicgy_1cgy_1$ genotype) and proper agronomic traits. A breeding population was developed from the cross of the Bl-1 and 15G1 parents. A total of 168 $F_2$ seeds from the cross of the BL-1 and 15G1 parents were obtained. The segregation ratios of 9: 3: 3: 1 ($104Ti\_Cgy_{1\_}:\;30Ti\_cgy_1cgy_1:\;21cgy_1cgy_1Ti\_:\;13titicgy_1cgy_1$) between the Ti and $Cgy_1$ genes in the $F_2$ seeds were observed (${\chi}^2=5.12$, P=0.5-0.10). Two $F_4$ plant strains with proper agronomical traits and $titicgy_1cgy_1$ genotype (free of both KTI and ${\alpha}^{\prime}$-subunit protein) were selected and harvested. 2 strains (S1 and S2) had yellow seed coats and hilum. The plant height of the S1 strain was 65 centimeters. The 100-seed weight was 29.2 g. The plant height of the S2 strain was 66 centimeters and 100-seed weight was 26.2 g. The two strains selected in this research will be used to improve the new cultivar that will be free of the KTI and ${\alpha}^{\prime}$-subunit proteins.

• 한국폐기물자원순환학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.518-527
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• 2017

The development of renewable energy is currently strongly required to address environmental problems such as global warming. In particular, biomass is highlighted due to its advantages. When using biomass as an energy source, the conversion process is essential. Fast pyrolysis, which is a thermochemical conversion method, is a known method of producing bio-oil. Therefore, various studies were conducted with fast pyrolysis. Most studies were conducted under a lab-scale process. Hence, scaling up is required for commercialization. However, it is difficult to find studies that address the process analysis, even though this is essential for developing a scaled-up plant. Hence, the present study carries out the process analysis of biomass pyrolysis. The fast pyrolysis system includes a biomass feeder, fast pyrolyzer, cyclone, condenser, and electrostatic precipitator (ESP). A two-stage, semi-global reaction mechanism was applied to simulate the fast pyrolysis reaction and a circulating fluidized bed reactor was selected as the fast pyrolyzer. All the equipment in the process was modeled based on heat and mass balance equations. In this study, process analysis was conducted with various reaction temperatures and residence times. The two-stage, semi-global reaction mechanism for circulating fluidized-bed reactor can be applied to simulate a scaled-up plant.

• 멤브레인
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.384-392
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• 2021

현재 우리 산업의 가속화된 발전으로 인해 다양하고 많은 양의 오염이 만들어지기 시작하고 있다. 특히 폐수의 경우 석유, 금속 및 유기물로 오염되는 강과 바다가 늘고 있으며, 빠른 조치가 필요해 보인다. 이러한 오염에 대응하기 위해 폐수에서 분리막을 이용한 깨끗한 물의 여과가 비용적으로 유리하고 친환경적인 기술로 떠오르고 있다. 재생 자원으로 만들어진 막여과 기법들이 환경오염의 원인 중 하나인 합성고분자 분리막들을 대체하기 위해 많이 사용되고 있다. 박테리아 셀룰로오스(Bacterial Cellulose / BC)는 순수하고 뚜렷한 형태의 셀룰로오스 나노섬유(Cellulose nanofibrils / CNF)이다. CNF에서 제조된 나노페이퍼는 각기 다른 용도로 한외여과막과 나노여과막으로 사용된다. BC의 높은 결정성으로 인해 폐수 처리 막의 필수 기준인 우수한 기계적 성질을 가질 수 있다. 본 리뷰 논문에서는 염료, 오일 및 중금속 등 폐수의 오염물질들을 걸러내기 위해 사용될 수 있는 BC 기반 분리막들에 대해 논의한다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.616-627
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Vitamin E is essential for health, and although vitamin E deficiency seems rare in humans, studies on estimates of dietary intake are lacking. This study aimed to estimate dietary vitamin E intake, evaluate dietary adequacy of vitamin E, and detail major food sources of vitamin E in the Korean population. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2016-2019. Individuals aged ≥ 1 year that participated in a nutrition survey (n = 28,418) were included. Dietary intake was assessed by 24-h recall and individual dietary vitamin E intake was estimated using a newly established vitamin E database. Dietary adequacy was evaluated by comparing dietary intake with adequate intake (AI) as defined by Korean Dietary Reference Intakes 2020. RESULTS: For all study subjects, mean daily total vitamin E intake was 7.00 mg α-tocopherol equivalents, which was 61.6% of AI. The proportion of individuals that consumed vitamin E at above the AI was 12.9%. Inadequate intake was observed more in females, older individuals, rural residents, and those with a low income. Mean daily intakes of tocopherol (α-, β-, γ-, and δ-forms) and tocotrienol were 6.02, 0.30, 6.19, 1.63, and 1.61 mg, respectively. The major food groups that contributed to total dietary vitamin E intake were grains (22.3%), seasonings (17.0%), vegetables (15.3%), and fish, and shellfish (7.4%). The top 5 individual food items that contributed to total vitamin E intake were baechu kimchi, red pepper powder, eggs, soybean oil, and rice. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that mean dietary vitamin E intake by Koreans did not meet the reference adequate intake value. To better understand the status of vitamin E intake, further research is needed that considers intake from dietary supplements.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.37-48
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• 2022

Accurate analysis of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil is an important prerequisite for proper source tracking of contamination. Identification of petroleum compounds is commonly carried out by peak pattern matching in gas chromatography. However, this method has several technical limitations, especially when the soils underwent biological, physical and chemical transformation. For instance, it is very difficult to distinguish jet fuel (JP-8) from kerosene because JP-8 is derivatized from secondary reaction between chemical agents (e.g. anti-oxidants, antifreezer and so on) and kerosene. In this study, an alternative method to separately analyze JP-8 and kerosene in the petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil was proposed. Qualitative analyses were performed for representative phenolic antioxidants [2,6-di-tert-butyl phenol (2,6-DTBP), 2,4-di-tert- butylphenol(2,4-DTBP), 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methyl phenol (2,6-DTBMP)] using a two dimensional gas chromatograph mass spectrometer (2D GC×GC-TOF-MS). This qualitative analysis of antioxidants in soil would be a useful complementary tool for the peak pattern matching method to identify JP-8 contamination in soil.

• 한국환경과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경과학회 2019년도 정기학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.134-134
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• 2019

Utilization of organic waste as a renewable energy source is promising for sustainability and mitigation of climate change. Pyrolysis converts organic waste to gas, oil, and biochar by incomplete biomass combustion. Biochar is widely used as a soil conditioner and adsorbent. Biochar adsorbs/desorbs metals and ions depending on the soil environment and condition to act as a nutrient buffer in soils. Biochar is also regarded as a carbon storage by fixation of organic carbon. Phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) are strictly controlled in many wastewater treatment plants because it causes eutrophication in water bodies. P and N is removed by biological and chemical methods in wastewater treatment plants and transferred to sludge for disposal. On the other hand, P is an irreplaceable essential element for all living organisms and its resource (phosphate rock) is estimated about 100 years of economical mining. Therefore, P and N recovery from waste and wastewater is a critical issue for sustainable human society. For the purpose, intensive researches have been carried out to remove and recover P and N from waste and wastewater. Previous studies have shown that biochars can adsorb and desorbed phosphates implying that biochars could be a complementary fertilizer. However, most of the conventional biochar have limited capacity to adsorb phosphates and nitrate. Recent studies have focused on biochar impregnated with metal salts to improve phosphates and nitrate adsorption by synthesizing biochars with novel structures and surface properties. Metal salts and metal oxides have been used for the surface modification of biochars. If P removal is the only concern, P adsorption kinetics and capacity are the only important factors. If both of P and N removal and the application of recovery are concerned, however, P and N desorption characteristics and bioavailability are also critical factors to be considered. Most of the researches on impregnated biochars have focused on P removal efficiency and kinetics. In this study, coffee waste is thermally treated to produce biochar and it was impregnated with Mg/Al to enhance phosphates and nitrate adsorption/desorption and P bioavailability to increase its value as a fertilizer. Kinetics of phosphates and nitrate adsorption/desorption and bioavailability analysis were carried out to estimate its potential as a P and N removal adsorbent in wasewater and a fertilizer in soil.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2020년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.94-94
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• 2020

Safflower, a draught and salt tolerant oil seed crop of Compositae family, has been cultivated around the world mainly as source of edible oils and dyes, where India, the USA, Mexico, Australia, and Ethiopia contributing about 85% of the production altogether. In this study we have characterized some selected morphological properties of safflower plant and determined the the total phenolic content (TPC) and fatty acid composition in seeds of 237 genetic resources. All the seed coats were white colored while the petals had red, yellow and white pigments. The yellow was the predominant petal color being recorded in 182 accessions followed by red occurring in 49 accessions. The petal color of 47 of the accessions changed with development while the 190 accession showed no change of color. The leaves are ovate to obovate, mostly with dentate (21 moderate and 205 weak) and few smooth (11) margins. The plant length, leaf length, and leaf width were ranged between 65.7 and 160.8 cm, 14.3 and 37.0 cm, and 3.3 and 12.1 cm, respectively. The TPC was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu method and fatty acid compositions were evaluated using gas chromatography. The TPC content ranged from 23.71 to 132.72 µgGAE/mg dried extract (DE). The seeds of safflower genetic resources accounted an average crude fat content of 26.25% (14.84 to 41.70%). The total fatty acid is mainly comprised of 71.72% linoleic acid (18:2) and 20.08% oleic acid (18:1) on average, the remaining palmitic acid (16:0), stearic acid (18:0) and linolenic acid (18:3) contributing 5.84, 2.23 and 0.15 %, respectively. The fatty acid composition of safflower seeds has shown great variability, where oleic and linoleic acid have a wide range of variation, from 9.23 to 83.35% and from 10.46 to 82.62%, respectively

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.1390-1411
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• 2024

Underwater Wireless Sensors Networks (UWSNs) are deployed in remotely monitored environment such as water level monitoring, ocean current identification, oil detection, habitat monitoring and numerous military applications. Providing scalable and efficient routing is very challenging in UWSNs due to the harsh underwater environment. The biggest difficulties are the nodes inherent movement due to water current, long delay in data transmission, low bandwidth of the acoustic signal, high error rate and energy scarcity in battery powered nodes. Many routing protocols have been proposed to solve the aforementioned problems. There are three broad categories of routing protocols namely depth based, energy based and vector-based routing. Vector Based Forwarding protocols perform routing through virtual pipeline by defining their radius which give proper direction to packets communication. We proposed a routing protocol termed as Path-Oriented Energy Scaled Expanded Vector Based Forwarding (PESEVBF). PESEVBF takes into account all parameters; holding time, the source nodes packets routing path and void holes creation on the second hop; PESEVBF not only considers the packet upward advancement but also focus on density of the forwarded nodes in terms of number of potential forwarding and suppressed nodes for path selection. Node selection in resultant holding time is based on minimum Path Factor (PF) value. Moreover, the suppressed node will be selected for packet forwarding to avoid the void holes occurrences on the second hop. Performance of PESEVBF is compared with other routing protocols using matrices such as energy consumption, packet delivery ratio, packets dropping ratio and duplicate packets creation indicating considerable performance improvement.