• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제43권11호
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• pp.1681-1687
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• 2014

FCEE를 3T3-L1 전지방세포의 분화과정 중에 처리한 후, FCEE가 지방의 축적에 미치는 영향을 확인하였다. FCEE($200{\mu}g/mL$)를 세포에 처리한 후 Oil Red O 염색법과 AdipoRed 형광염색법을 이용한 지방 축적과 세포내 중성지방 함량을 측정한 결과, 무처리한 지방세포와 비교하여 각각 10.2%, 13.7% 유의하게 감소하는 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과에 대한 기작을 확인하고자 포도당 유입량과 유리 글리세롤 방출량을 측정하였다. FCEE($200{\mu}g/mL$) 처리 시 지방세포와 비교하여 포도당 유입량이 36.6% 유의적으로 감소하였으며, 유리 글리세롤 방출량도 8일째에 유의적으로 감소하였다. 이는 지방세포의 분화과정 중에 FCEE의 처리로 분화가 억제되어 지방구의 형성이 억제되고 배양액으로 배출되는 유리 글리세롤의 총량이 감소한 것으로 판단된다. 이러한 결과가 지방세포 분화의 억제에 의한 것인지 판단하기 위해 지방 형성 관련인자의 mRNA 발현량을 측정하였다. FCEE($200{\mu}g/mL$)의 처리로 AMPK mRNA 발현량은 지방세포와 비교하여 3배 증가하였으며, SREBP-1c, $C/EBP{\alpha}$와 $PPAR{\gamma}$ mRNA 발현량은 각각 0.6, 0.6 및 0.8배 감소하는 것을 확인하였다. 이상의 결과들로부터 FCEE는 지방 합성을 억제하는 활성을 보유하고 있는 바, 향후 항비만 기능성 식품소재로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.145-150
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• 2007

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)는 전지방세포의 증식 및 분화를 억제시키므로서 포유동물에서 지방의 축적을 감소시키는 것으로 알려져 있다. 논 연구의 목적은 diglyceride(DG), CLA, 및 DG-CLA가 전지방세포의 증식 및 분화를 억제시키는지를 알아보고자, 세포생존측정, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) 활성측정, 지방축적에 대한 Oil red O 염색을 실시하였다. DG, CLA, 및 DG-CLA의 처치는 전지방세포의 증식을 농도 의존적으로 감소시켰으며, 그러한 효과는 CLA에서 가장 강하게 나타났다. 이들 시험물질의 $100 {\mu}g/ml$ 농도에서 DG, CLA, DG-CLA는 유의적으로 GPDH의 활성을 낮추었으며(p<0.05), 이러한 결과는 전지방세포의 분화를 억제하는 것을 의미한다. 더불어 이들 시험물질은 전지방세포의 분화과정 중에 지방축적을 효과적으로 억제시켰다. 더욱이 DG-CLA가 DG 혹은 CLA보다 분화 및 지방축적에 대해 더 강한 효과를 보였다. 이러한 결과로부터 DG-CLA의 섭취는 사람에서 체중조절의 유용한 효과를 얻을 수 있을 것이다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.384-395
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• 2018

The aim of this study was to investigate whether a novel formulation of an herbal extracts has an inhibitory effect on obesity. To determine its anti-obesity effects, we performed anti-obesity-related experiments in vitro and in vivo. Thus, our present study was carried out to evaluate the anti-obesity effect of herbal extracts using a high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mouse model and 3T3-L1 adipose cells. The effects of each herbal extracts on lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells were examined using Oil Red O staining. Results showed that treatment with each herbal extracts at $10{\sim}100{\mu}g/ml$ had no effect on cell morphology and viability. Without evidence of toxicity, herbal extracts treatment decreased lipid accumulation compared with the untreated adipocytes controls as shown by the lower absorbance of Oil Red O stain. Futhermore, compared with control-differentiated mature adipocytes, each herbal extracts significantly inhibited lipid accumulation in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In the HFD-fed obese mice, body weight, liver weight and white adipose tissue weights were significantly reduced by mixture of herbal extracts administration in mouse skin. Futhermore, we found that mixture of herbal extracts administration suppressed serum triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TCHO) in HFD-induced obese mouse model. The mixture of herbal extracts of permeability was estimated by measuring the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) value in pig skin. The optimized formulations of herbal extracts (Test 3 formulation) showed skin permeation. However, test 1 formulation containing essential oil as enhancer showed maximum skin permeation. After confirming the enhanced skin permeability, in vivo studies were performed to assess whether skin irritation potential on the basis of a primary irritation index (PII) in rabbit skin. Reactions were scored for erythema/edema reactions at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h post-application. It was concluded that the test 1 formulation was not irritation (PII = 0). The present study suggests that the test 1 formulation might be of therapeutic interest with respect to the treatment of obesity.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.1255-1263
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• 1997

Sprague-Dawely계$(165{\pm}20\;g)$ 수컷 흰쥐를 난괴법에 따라 각 군당 6마리씩 C군(일반사료), 1G군(일반사료+1% 녹차물), L-1G군(돈지+1% 녹차물), L-3G군 (돈지+3% 녹차물), LC군(돈지+콜레스테롤), LC-1G군(돈지+콜레스테롤+l% 녹차물), LC-3G군(돈지+콜레스데롤+3% 녹차물) 등 7개군으로 나누어 고콜레스데롤을 초래하는 식이인 1% 콜레스테롤과 10 g의 라아드를 첨가한 식이와 함께 1%와 3% 농도의 녹차를 4주 동안 급여하여 혈청지질 및 콜레스테롤 수준과 간지방 침착정도을 조사하였다. 식이 평균 섭취량은 L-1G군, L-3G군, LC군, LC-1G군, LC-3G군은 C군과 1G군에 비해 전체적으로 낮았으며 녹차 평균 음용량은 모든군에서 $195.61{\sim}213.28\;mL$ 음용하여 증류수와 녹차의 농도에 따른 각 군간에는 차이가 없었다. 체중 증가량은 LC군 195 g으로 다른 모든군에 비하여 가장 높았고 특히 L-3G군 100 g에 비해서는 2배정도의 차이가 나타났다 식이효율은 LC군이 0.45로 모든군에 비해 높았으며 특히 1G군, LC-1G군에 비해 높았다. 혈청의 지질농도에서 TC수준은 LC군 68.67mg/dl, 1G군 48.33 mg/dl으로 LC군이 모든군에 비하여 높았으며 특히 1G군과는 차이를 나타냈다. 혈청의 HDL-C는 1G군이 61.00 mg/dl, L-lG군이 34.20 mg/dl로 1G 군이 TC수준과는 반대로 가장 높았으며(p<0.01) L-3G군, LC군, LC-1G군, LC-3G군이 비슷한 수준으로 낮았으나 C군과 L-1G군보다는 낮았다. HDL-C에 대한 TC의 비율은 1G군 0.79, LC군 1.68로 C군과 LC군에 비해 녹차를 음용한 1G군, LC-3G군, L-3G군, LC-1G군, L-1G군 순으로 낮았고 특히 HDL-C가 가장 높은 1G군이 낮았다. TG농도는 LC군 113.80 mg/dl로 모든 군에 비해 가장 높았으나 특히 3% 녹차 음용군인 L-3G군, LC-3G군은 낮았다. PL농도는 C군 152.00 mg/dl, LC군 148.67 mg/이, 1G군 119.00 mg/dl로 C군과 LC군은 모든 군에서 높았으나 특히 1G군과 LC-3G군은 낮았다. 간장의 총지질 함량은 LC군 8.16% 모든 군에서 높았으며 1G군이 3.68%로 가장 낮았다. 간조직의 지방침착 정도는 대조군은 oil red O 양성액포가 간소엽 전체에 매우 미약하고 작은 구상형태로 세포질에서 적색으로 관찰되어 거의 정상에 가까웠다. LC군은 모든 다른군의 oil red O 소견에 비해 양성 액포수도 많았고 액포의 크기도 가장 크게 나타나 지방침착이 심해졌음을 알 수 있었다. 이에 비해 즉차음용군은 oil red O 양성 액포수와 액포의 크기가 적어져 $55.6{\sim}75.7%$로 감소되어 지방침착의 감소경향을 보였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.721-726
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• 2009

The molecular mechanism of adipocyte differentiation has been well documented. However, the effect of specific nutrients such as lysine on adipocyte differentiation is poorly understood especially in ruminant animals. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to elucidate the influence of lysine on adipocyte differentiation and adipogenic genes in cultured bovine preadipocytes. The preadipocytes were treated with different concentrations of lysine (40, 160, 320 mg/L) or troglitazone (10 ${\mu}M$) for 2 days and then subsequently cultured in differentiation medium until day 6. Expression levels of $C/EBP{\alpha}$ were significantly higher (p<0.001) in 40 and 160 mg/L lysine-treated cells compared to 320 mg/L treatment. Though there was an increasing trend in $PPAR{\gamma}$ expression levels with the decreasing lysine concentration, the results were not significant. The preadipocyte factor (pref-1), expression significantly (p<0.001) reduced with decreasing lysine concentration. The Oil red O staining results were better in 40 mg/L treated cells compared to 160 and 320 mg/L lysine treated cells. Our overall results indicate that insufficient supply of lysine increases the adipogenic potential in bovine intramuscular preadipocytes.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.51-61
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-atherosclerotic effects of 4 herbal formulas for Sasang constitutional medicine (Yeoldahanso-tang: YDHST, Yanggyeoksanhwa-tang: YGSHT, Cheongsimyeonja-tang: CSYJT and Taeeumjowi-tang: TEJWT). Methods : The antioxidant activities of herbal formulas were studied by measuring free radical scavenging activities on ABTS and DPPH. The inhibitory effects on LDL oxidation was evaluated by the formation of TBARS, REM and fragmentation of apolipoprotein B-100 (ApoB). Effects of herbal formulas on macrophage lipid accumulation were determined in native LDL and LPS co-incubated macrophages using Oil Red O staining. Results : The scavenging activities on ABTS and DPPH of herbal formulas were increased in dose-dependent manner (YDHST>YGSHT>CSYJT>TEJWT). Herbal formulas reduced the oxidation properties of LDL induced by $CuSO_4$. YDHST, YGSHT and CSYJT showed strong suppressive effect on LDL oxidation than TEJWT. In addition, YDHST, YGSHT and CSYJT significantly inhibited foam cell formation in LDL/LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Conclusions : These results demonstrate that YDHST, YGSHT and CSYJT have potentials on anti-atherosclerosis by antioxidative effect and suppressive effect on LDL oxidation.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2008

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Ganoderma lucidum herba pharmacopuncture(GHP) on the adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Methods: 3T3- L1 preadipocytes were differentiated with adipogenic reagents by incubating for 2 days in the absence or presence of GHP ranging from 1 and 2%. The effect of GHP on cell proliferation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes was investigated using MTT assay. The effect of GHP on adipogenesis was examined by Oil red O staining and measuring glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) and intracellular triglyceride (TG) content. Results: Following results were obtained from the preadipocyte proliferation and adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1. We observed no effect of GHP on preadipocyte proliferation. GHP inhibited adipogenesis, the activity of GPDH and accumulation of intracellular TG content. Conclusions: These results suggest that GHP inhibit differentiation of preadipocyte.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2010

Culinary herbs and spices have received much attention since they contain high concentrations of bioactive ingredients for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Protection effect of the herb and spice against acute alcohol consumption has been investigated using zebrafish as a vertebrate model. During 30 days bathed in water containing 1% Et-OH and the designated herb or spice, the survival rate of the Et-OH group was decreased sharply (up to 20% at 10 days). The cinnamon-fed group showed the highest and longer survival rate up to 80% up to for 30 days under the presence of Et-OH, while clove-fed group showed 40% survival rate for 25 days. Et-OH group serum exhibited the weakest antioxidant ability from ferric ion removal ability (FRA) assay; FRA ability was increased in the cinnamon-fed group up to 414%, while the clove and laurel group increased 256% and 309%, respectively. Histologic observation and Oil-red O staining showed hepatic tissue damage was severe in the Et-OH group. The cinnamon- or clove-fed group showed much ameliorated hepatic tissue morphology with minimized steatosis. The cinnamon- or clove-fed group showed lower serum GOT and GPT levels than the Et-OH group. Among hepatic tissue extract, the clove-fed group exhibited the lowest level of GOT and GPT. These results suggest that consumption of cinnamon and clove might be beneficial to attenuate progress of acute fatty liver change by alcohol consumption.

• 생약학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.302-308
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• 2011

As a part of our ongoing program on finding biologically active components from natural source we found three known constituents from the EtOH extract of the wheat bran. The known compounds were identified as tachioside (1), pinellic acid (2) and tryptophan (3). The structure and relative stereochemistry were determined from MS, 1D and extensive 2D NMR techniques as well as by comparison of their data with the published values. All isolates were tested their inhibitory effects on the adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. The effect of compounds from wheat bran on 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation were measured by Oil Red O staining. These results demonstrate that tachioside (1) and pinellic acid (2) decreased lipid content in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by inhibiting lipogenesis. These compounds had shown antiobesity activities.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.291-294
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• 2010

In obesity, adipocytes undergo abnormal growth characterized by increased cell numbers and differentiation. Thus, inhibition of mitogenesis of preadipocytes and their differentiation to adipocytes would be beneficial for the prevention and progression of obesity. In the present study, we attempted to evaluate antiadipogenic activity of adlay (Coix seed, the seed of Coix lacryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf) employing preadipocytes cell line, 3T3-L1 as an in vitro assay system. Because several varieties of adlay are in use in Korea, anti-adipogenic activity of three varieties of adlay such as Sang-Gang, Jo-Hyun and Yulmu-Ilho was evaluated. All the three varieties of adlay showed significant inhibitory activity on adipocyte differentiation as assessed by measuring fat accumulation using Oil Red O staining. Adlay, however, showed little effects on adipocyte proliferation. Further studies with interval treatment demonstrated that adlay exerted inhibitory activity on adipocyte differentiation via acting on early stage of adipogenesis. Taken together, adlay might be useful in the prevention of obesity.