• 산업공학
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.68-78
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• 1999

A noncircular cutting such as a piston cutting has depended on the copy-machining because of its complex shape. But the copy-machining needs a master model and brings about a low quality of the piston caused by being worn out of the master model. And the lower cutting speed reduces the productivity. In this paper, for solving these problems, a specialized software system and its subsequent procedure are presented. The shape of a piston consists of an oval, an offset, recesses, and eccentricities. The paper describes these shapes as a consistent equation that is a function of the rotational angle and the position of longitudinal direction(Z-axis). It is simple to define the characteristic geometry of a piston and to generate a tool path for CNC machining. This paper proposes the a proper structure of a 4-axes CNC(Computerized Numerical Control) lathe for machining the piston. As well as X-axis and Z-axis, are attached to the machine a C-axis for rotation and a Y-axis for higher speedy prismatic motion parallel to X-axis.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.1190-1199
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• 2016

This study proposes a classification and compensation algorithm of two non-ideal output signals of a resolver to reduce position errors. Practically, a resolver generates position errors because of amplitude imbalance and quadrature imperfection between the two output signals of the resolver. In this study, a digital signal processor system based on a resolver-to-digital converter is used to reconstruct the two output signals of the resolver. The two output signals, "sin" and "cos," can be represented by a unit circle on the xy-plot. The classification and compensation of the errors can be obtained by using the radius and area of the circle made by the resolver signals. The method computes the integration of the areas made by the two resolver output signals to classify and compensate the error. This system cannot be applied during transient response given that the area integration during the transient state causes an error in the proposed method. The proposed method does not need any additional hardware. The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제18권8호
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• pp.744-749
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• 2012

In this paper, we suggest that how to improve an accuracy of mobile robot's localization by using the sensor network information which fuses the machine vision camera, encoder and IMU sensor. The heading value of IMU sensor is measured using terrestrial magnetism sensor which is based on magnetic field. However, this sensor is constantly affected by its surrounding environment. So, we isolated template of ceiling using vision camera to increase the sensor's accuracy when we use IMU sensor; we measured the angles by pattern matching algorithm; and to calibrate IMU sensor, we compared the obtained values with IMU sensor values and the offset value. The values that were used to obtain information on the robot's position which were of Encoder, IMU sensor, angle sensor of vision camera are transferred to the Host PC by wireless network. Then, the Host PC estimates the location of robot using all these values. As a result, we were able to get more accurate information on estimated positions than when using IMU sensor calibration solely.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.173-178
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• 2016

Six-step commutation control widely used in brushless DC (BLDC) motor can be applied to consequent pole permanent magnet (CPPM) belt starter generator (BSG) with trapezoidal back electromotive force (EMF) in the starter state. However, rotor position detection with three Hall sensors in BLDC motor can hardly be employed in CPPM BSG due to asymmetric flux distribution in each pole side of CPPM BSG. This paper presents a low-cost rotor position detection method for CPPM BSG in which six Hall sensors are proposed to be used based on the analysis of flux distribution by 3D FEA. In the method, the six Hall sensors are divided into three groups and two signals in each group are combined through performing logic operations. In addition, offset angle between back EMF and the related Hall signal can be compensated by moving the Hall sensors. Experiments of a 2 kW CPPM BSG prototype have also been performed to verify the proposed method.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.81-86
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to compare the internal fit of two different temporary restorations fabricated by dental CAD/CAM system and to evaluate clinical effectiveness. Methods: Composite resin tooth of the maxillary first molar was prepared as occlusal reduction(2.0mm), axial reduction(1mm offset), vertical angle(6 degree) and chamfer margin for a temporary crown and duplicated epoxy die was fabricated. The epoxy dies were used to fabricate provisional restorations by CAD/CAM milling technique or 3D-printing technique. The inner data from all crowns were superimposed on the master die file in the 'best-fit alignment' method using 3D analysis software. Statistical analysis was performed using a Wilcoxon's rank sum test for differences between groups. Results: It showed that the internal RMS(Root Mean Square) values of the additive group were significantly larger than those of other group. No significant differences in internal discrepancies were observed in the temporary crowns among the 2 groups with different manufacturing method. Conclusion: All the groups had the internal fit within the clinical acceptable range (< $50{\mu}m$). The continuous research in the future to be applied clinically for the adaptation of additive manufacturing technique are needed.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.301-309
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• 2021

펄스개수측정방법은 반작용휠의 속도를 측정하는 고전적인 방법이다. 본 연구에서는 펄스개수측정방법을 수식으로 표현하였다. 반작용휠의 회전을 속도가 아니라 샘플링 시간 동안의 회전각도로 모델링하였다. 제안된 모델의 유효성은 모델에서 얻어진 펄스개수 변화와 이동평균의 효과가 기존 연구결과와 동일함을 확인하는 방법으로 검증하였다. 이렇게 검증된 모델에 타코펄스 불균일성을 추가하고 펄스개수측정방법의 오차에 대해서 살펴보았다. 불균일성으로 인해서 증가하는 측정오차의 크기를 수식으로 표현하였으며, 측정오차를 상쇄하기 위해서 취해야 하는 이동평균의 개수 조건을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.83-89
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• 2022

For precise GNSS applications, the antenna phase center correction (PCC) is absolutely required. The PCC magnitude can reach the centimeter level with the antenna structure. In the present study, we first investigate the phase center offset (PCO) and phase center variation (PCO) of three different antenna models in two different reference frames, IGS08/igs08.atx and IGS14/igs14.atx. Clear L1 and L2 PCO differences were found between IGS08 and IGS14. In addition, the PCV showed characteristics that is dependent upon the signal direction (azimuth and elevation angle). The remarkable thing is that the changes of a Dorne Margolin choke-ring antenna model (AOAD/MT DOME) was very small in two reference frames. In order to analyze changes in positions according to different reference systems, GNSS data obtained from DAEJ, SUWN, and TSKB stations were processed by the precise point positioning (PPP) method. We suggest that an antenna PCO/PCV can affect the precise GNSS positioning on the order of several millimeters in two different reference frames.

• International Journal of Korean Welding Society
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2001

In this study, a preview-sensing visual sensor system is constructed far weld seam tracking in GMA welding. The visual sensor system consists of a CCD camera, a diode laser system with a cylindrical lens, and a band-pass-filter to overcome the degrading of image due to spatters and/or arc light. Among the image processing methods, Hough transform method is compared with the central difference method from a viewpoint of the capability for extracting the accurate feature position. As a result, it was revealed that Hough transform method can more accurately extract the feature positions and it can be applied to real time weld seam tracking. Image processing which includes Hough transform method is carried out to extract straight lines that express laser stripe. After extracting the lines, weld joint position and edge points are determined by intersecting the lines. Even though the image includes a spatter trace on it, it is possible to recognize the position of weld joint. Weld seam tracking was precisely implemented with adopting Hough transform method, and it is possible to track the weld seam in the case of offset angle is in the region of $\pm$ $15^{\circ}$.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2023

This paper investigates the integrated control of an air-breathing hypersonic vehicle considering the safety of propulsion system under acceleration. First, the vehicle/engine coupling model that contains a control-oriented vehicle model and a quasi-one-dimensional dual-mode scramjet model is established. Next, the coupling process of the integrated control system is introduced in detail. Based on the coupling model, the integrated control framework is studied and an integrated control system including acceleration command generator, vehicle attitude control loop and engine multivariable control loop is discussed. Then, the effectiveness and superiority of the integrated control system are verified through the comparison of normal case and limiting case of an air-breathing hypersonic scramjet coupling model. Finally, the main results show that under normal acceleration case and limiting acceleration case, the integrated control system can track the altitude and speed of the vehicle extremely well and adjust the angle deflection of elevator to offset the thrust moment to maintain the attitude stability of the vehicle, while assigning the two-stage fuel equivalent ratio to meet the thrust performance and safety margin of the engine. Meanwhile, the high-acceleration requirement of the air-breathing hypersonic vehicle makes the propulsion system operating closer to the extreme dangerous conditions. The above contents demonstrate that considering the propulsion system safety will make integrated control system more real and meaningful.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.565-578
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• 2000

한국인의 치열의 특성을 고려한 Straight-Wire Appliance(SWA)의 제작을 위한 자료를 얻기 위하여 18세 이상 25세 사이의 한국인 성인 정상교합자를 1) 구강악안면부에 기능장애가 없고, 2) 양호한 치열궁 형태와 긴밀한 구치부 교합관계를 가지며, 3) 교합이 전후방적으로 앵글 분류 I 급의 관계를 가지며, 4) 간단한 수복 치료 외에 교정치료나 보철치료를 받지 않았으며, 특히 치아의 순면과 협면의 형태에 변형을 초래한 치과 치료를 받지 않았으며, 5) 단정한 안모를 가진 자를 선발 기준으로 정하여 선발하였다. 선정된 정상 교합자의 상, 하악 인상을 채득하고, 교정용 석고 모형을 제작하였다. 얻어진 치과 석고모형을 분석하여, Andrews의 Six keys to optimal occlusion에 부합되는 표본을 5 명의 숙련된 교정의사들이 선별하여 한국인 성인 정상교합자 치열의 석고 모형 155쌍(남자 92쌍,여자 63쌍)을 얻었다. 이들을 대상으로 정밀측정장비인 Coordinate Measuring Machine(CMM, MPC802, WEGU-Messtechnik, Germany)을 이용하여 3차원 digitization을 시행하고, 계측프로그램을 작성하여 SWA 제작을 위하여 필요한 Angulation, Inclination, In-and-Out, Molar offset angle, Arch-form 등을 측정하였다. 측정을 시행하기 전에, CMM을 이용한 3차 원 digitization의 오차에 대한 검증을 실시하였고, 3차원 digitization과 컴퓨터를 이용한 형태학적 분석법과 기존의 수작업에 의한 분석법의 신뢰도에 대한 분석을 실시하였다. 이상의 연구를 통하여 얻은 결론은 다음과 같다. 1. 치과 석고모형의 3차원 digitization에 CMM을 적용하여 mesh size 0.25 mm, 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm로 등간격 디지타이징하는 것은 모두 받아들일 수 있으며, 측정의 효율성을 고려할 때 1.0 mm간격으로 등간격 디지타이징 하는 것이 바람직하다. 2. 3차원 digitization과 컴퓨터를 이용한 방법이 Andrews의 방법에 기반한 수작업 방법보다 신뢰성이 높다. 3. 3차원 digitization과 컴퓨터를 이용한 방법으로 한국인의 치열의 형태학적 특성에 맞는 SWA의 제작을 위한 자료를 채득하였다.